Objective To investigate the application value of dual-layer spectral computed tomography(DLCT)45 keV single energy image in follow up after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods The DLCT images of 60 patients with HCC after TACE treatment were analyzed retrospectively.The CT value and standard deviation(SD)value of the lesion region of interest(ROI)and surrounding normal liver parenchyma on two kinds of images with 45 keV energy spectrum CT and 120 kVp conventional CT were measured respectively,then the contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)between the lesions and surrounding normal liver parenchyma was calculated,and their differences were compared.The image quality of the two kinds of images was scored subjectively with the 3-point method,and the patients were divided into different groups according to the enhance-ment degree and tumor staining.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was also drawn.Results(1)There was no signif-icant difference in CNR between arterial phase,portal phase,and delayed phase of 120 kVp conventional CT(Hc=1.128,P>0.05).The CNR of 45 keV energy spectrum CT was higher than that of 120 kVp conventional CT,with a statistically significant difference(Z=5.060,P<0.05).(2)The subjective score of 45 keV energy spectrum CT was higher than that of 120 kVp conventional CT,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=5.335,P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that 45 keV energy spectrum CT had a larger area under the curve(AUC)than 120 kVp conventional CT,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=4.136,P<0.001).Conclusion 45 keV energy spectrum CT image can significantly improve the CNR between tumor and normal liver parenchyma,and it has the better image quality and higher diagnostic efficiency.

Parvalbumin interneurons belong to the major types of GABAergic interneurons. Although the distribution and pathological alterations of parvalbumin interneuron somata have been widely studied, the distribution and vulnerability of the neurites and fibers extending from parvalbumin interneurons have not been detailly interrogated. Through the Cre recombinase-reporter system, we visualized parvalbumin-positive fibers and thoroughly investigated their spatial distribution in the mouse brain. We found that parvalbumin fibers are widely distributed in the brain with specific morphological characteristics in different regions, among which the cortex and thalamus exhibited the most intense parvalbumin signals. In regions such as the striatum and optic tract, even long-range thick parvalbumin projections were detected. Furthermore, in mouse models of temporal lobe epilepsy and Parkinson's disease, parvalbumin fibers suffered both massive and subtle morphological alterations. Our study provides an overview of parvalbumin fibers in the brain and emphasizes the potential pathological implications of parvalbumin fiber alterations.
Mice ; Animals ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology* ; Parvalbumins/metabolism* ; Parkinson Disease/pathology* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Interneurons/physiology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Brain/pathology*

Oxidative stress injury and mitochondrial dysfunction are major obstacles to neurological functional recovery after ischemic stroke. The development of new approaches to simultaneously diminish oxidative stress and resist mitochondrial dysfunction is urgently needed. Inspired by the overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) at ischemic neuron mitochondria, multifunctional nanoparticles with ROS-responsiveness and mitochondrial-targeted (SPNPs) were engineered, achieving specific targeting delivery and controllable drug release at ischemic penumbra. Due to the nose-to-brain pathway, SPNPs which were encapsulated in a thermo-sensitive gel by intranasal administration were directly delivered to the ischemic penumbra bypassing the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) and enhancing delivery efficiency. The potential of SPNPs for ischemic stroke treatment was systematically evaluated in vitro and in rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Results demonstrated the mitochondrial-targeted and protective effects of SPNPs on H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells. In vivo distribution analyzed by fluorescence imaging proved the rapid and enhanced active targeting of SPNPs to the ischemic area in MCAO rats. SPNPs by intranasal administration exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy by alleviating oxidative stress, diminishing inflammation, repairing mitochondrial function, and decreasing apoptosis. This strategy provided a multifunctional delivery system for the effective treatment of ischemic injury, which also implies a potential application prospect for other central nervous diseases.

To investigate the renal venous and spermatic venous sampling in assisting the diagnosis of reninoma. The case of reninoma was retrospectively reviewed together with the literature review of reninoma diagnosed with renal venous and spermatic venous sampling. A young patient with hypertension and headache was admitted to our hospital. Laboratory test showed high plasma renin concentration (>500 mIU/L), and enhanced computed tomography(CT) in the upper abdomen showed a mass in left inferior renal pole. The concentration of renin in the left spermatic vein was significantly higher than that in renal veins and branches, and peripheral vein, which was considered the left reninoma possibility. The left renal mass was resected surgically and pathologic exam revealed reninoma. The renin level and the blood pressure recoveried normal after operation.The literature reported that the positive rate of renal vein segmental blood collection for locating renin tumor was only 8.3%-64%. The possible reason was that reninoma usually located in the renal cortex, and the tumor blood might be collected by renal capsule vein instead of renal vein. In fact, the renal capsule vein intersects with the lateral division of the spermatic vein, but there have been no reports about the localization of reninoma by spermatic vein sampling. Since renin secreted by reninoma may go into the spermatic vein through renal capsule vein, it should be noted that spermatic venous blood should be collected simultaneously in renal vein sampling when locating reninoma.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of residual back pain (RBP) in patients undergone PVP within 1 month and further analyze the correlation.Methods:Between March 2013 and January 2015, 1 316 patients with OVCF were treated by PVP. RBP after PVP was defined as a visual analogue scale (VAS) score of > 4 both 1 week and 1 month post-operatively. According to the pain relief, the patients were divided into two groups, the satisfied group and the unsatisfied group. All patients were scheduled for follow-up at1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year post-operatively, during which radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and short time inversion recovery (STIR) sequences) were recommended to detect the existence of secondary OVCF. VAS scores and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were recorded. Demographic data, surgical information, anesthesia method, number of OVCF, injection amount of cement of single vertebral bone, imaging data and other comorbidity informations of patients in the two groups were analyzed by Logistic regression for the factors related to RBP after PVP.Results:Among 1 316 patients, 60 cases complained RBP, and the prevalence was 4.6%. VAS score and ODI of the two groups were significantly different at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after surgery, suggesting there was a certain degree of residual pain in the lower back of patients in the unsatisfied group, which was more severe than that in the satisfied group. However, the above differences disappeared in the follow-up of 12 months after surgery.Univariate analysesshowed that preoperative bone mineral density (BMD), number of fracture, cement distribution and volume injected per level and lumbodorsal fascia contusion were associated with RBP after PVP ( P< 0.01, retrospectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the absolute value of pre-operative BMD(odds ratio ( OR)=3.577, P=0.029), combined withlumbodorsal fascia contusion ( OR=3.805, P=0.002), number of fracture ( OR=3.440, P<0.001), satisfactory cement distribution ( OR=3.009, P=0.013) and combined with depression ( OR=3.426, P=0.028) were positively correlated with RBP after PVP, and these were risk factors. The injection amount of cement of single vertebral bone ( OR=0.079, P<0.001) was negatively correlated with RBP after PVP, which was a protective factor. Conclusion:Pre-operative low BMD, lumbodorsal fascial injury, multiple segment OVCF, insufficient cement injected volume, unsatisfactory cement distribution and depression were risk factors associated with RBP after PVP in patients with OVCF.

Objective:To propose a new grading system-the posterior ligament-bone injury classification and severity (PLICS) score for subaxial cervical spine injury, and evaluate its value in guiding the approach selection for subaxial cervical fracture and dislocation.Methods:All of 394 cases of subaxial cervical fracture and dislocation who received single anterior reduction and fixation in our hospital from January 2002 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 354 cases were finally included in this study. The Patients experienced internal fixation failure, postoperative kyphosis or interspinal process space dilation during follow-up were included into the failure group. Other patients were included into the successful group. The difference of visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), ASIA score and PLICS score before and after surgery between the two groups was compared respectively. The PLICS score is composed of left, right and posterior columns. The injury of the posterior column was classified into mild, moderate and severe degrees, with 1-3 points respectively. The evaluation of lateral column injury included ligament and bone structure. The evaluation of ligament injury included: 1 point for the subluxation of the facet joint, 2 points for the dislocation or the facet joint; Fractures of the lateral column was classified into mild, moderate and severe degrees, with 1-3 points respectively. For the evaluation of the lateral column, the highest score of ligament or bone structure injury was reflected as the score of posterior column injury and was taken into the calculation of the final PLICS score.Results:All 354 patients had complete follow-up data, and the average follow-up time was 18.0±4.0 months, including 339 patients of successful group and 15 patients of failure group. At the 12 month follow-up, the average VAS score of the patients in the successful group decreased from 6.9±0.6 before the operation to 1.9±0.6 ( t=22.481, P<0.0001), and the average VAS score of the patients in the failure group decreased from 5.6±1.0 to 1.1±0.3 ( t=77.252, P<0.0001). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The NDI score of the successful group was significantly lower than that of the failure group (7.1%±1.2% vs 15.7%±2.7%, t=24.993, P<0.0001). PLICS score in two groups of patients were analyzed. There was a significant difference in PLICS scores between the two groups ( t=8.777, P<0.0001). According to the PLICS score, the ROC operating curve of the failure of internal fixation after anterior-only surgery was determined. The area under the curve was 0.981, and the 95% confidence interval was 0.943, 1.000. When the PLICS score was 6.5, the maximum value of the Jordan index was 0.927, the sensitivity was 0.994, and the specificity was 0.067. Considering the clinical practicality of PLICS score and the different clinical outcomes of the sub-classification groups of the PLICS score=7, we finally set the threshold as PLICS score=7 with the unilateral severe lateral mass fracture. Conclusion:The PLICS score is based on the anatomy of the posterior three-column structure of the subaxial cervical spine. It gives consideration to the bony structures, including bilateral lateral mass, spinous process, lamina, and the ligament structures. What's more, the overall damage severity of the posterior three columns of the subaxial cervical spine was quantified according to the evaluation of the injury characteristics of each column of ligament-bone structure. In this study, PLICS score and clinical efficacy were compared between two groups of patients, and it was finally determined that when PLICS score ≥7 with the unilateral severe lateral mass fracture, the risk of internal fixation failure is higher for anterior-only approach surgery alone. For these patients, anterior and posterior approach surgery may be considered.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression profile of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) and identify potential lncRNA-related competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) in placenta accrete spectrum disorders (PAS). METHODS: Five tissue specimens of placental implantation and 5 adjacent normal placental tissues were collected from cesarean section deliveries complicated by PAS in our hospital between December, 2017 and June, 2018. Human microarrays were used to identify the lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in PAS, and 5 of the identified lncRNAs were further validated using qRT-PCR. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to indentify the most significant enrichment functions. A ceRNA network was constructed based on ENST00000511361 (RP5-875H18.4), NR_027457 (LINC00221) and NR_126415 (FOXP4-AS1) to pinpoint the potential lncRNAs-related ceRNA. RESULTS: A total of 329 lncRNAs and 179 mRNAs were identified to have differential expression in PAS. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with the human microarrays results. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway was the most significantly enriched pathway. The constructed ceRNA network suggested that RP5-875H18.4--miRNA-218--SLIT2 had a potential ceRNA regulatory mechanism in PAS. CONCLUSIONS The differentially expressed lncRNAs are involved in the occurrence and progression of PAS possibly by regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway. The ceRNA network of RP5-875H18.4--miRNA-218--SLIT2 may play a role in the occurrence of PAS.

Pharmacokinetics plays a key role in rational use of medicines.Many factors can affect the drug's pharmacokinetics.Previous studies mainly focused on the impact of hypoxia on hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme,but uncommon on drug transporters.Actually,drug transporter is a key factor for activation of the drugs transport across the cell membrane into the inside of cells,such as multidrug resistance protein (MDR),breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP),multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP),organic cation transporter (OCT),organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP),organic anion transporter (OAT),qligopeptide transporter (PEPT),etc.They are widely present in the small intestine villus epithelial cells,renal tubular epithelial cells,hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells.They play a very important role in drug absorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion.The changes in drug transporters under hypoxia in intestinal could affect the bioavailability of drugs;the changes in drug transporters in organs could affect drug's distribution,subsequent drug's indications and adverse reactions;the changes in drug transporters in liver and kidney could affect the metabolism and excretion rate of drugs,thereby the drug's residence time and half-life.

Objective To observe the levels of neutrophil CD64 expression in prostatic fluid of patients with chronic prostatitis and different degrees of infection,to evaluate the value of CD64 in diagnosis and treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis.Methods 100 subjects were divided into two groups according to chronic prostatitis symptom index (CPSI) established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH):CPSI high score group and CPSI low group,bacterial infection group,and 30 healthy controls.CD64 expression of neutrophils in prostatic fluid was detected by flow cytometry and prostate fluid routine microscopy inspection.Results The expression of CD64 in severe group (high score) was (4857.25±278.45) molecules / cell,which was significantly higher than that in the mild group (P＜0.05).There was significant difference between the mild group and the nonbacterial infection group or the healthy control group (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference between nonbacterial infection group and healthy control group.The expression of CD64 was positively correlated with some white blood cells in the bacterial infection group,but not the whole.ROC curve was drawn according to the data of the subjects.When CD64 was 2135.2 molecules/cell,the sensitivity was 92.9％ and the specificity was 91.7％.Conclusion Quantitative detection of CD64 in prostatic fluid can be used as a sensitive index for diagnosis of chronic bacterial prostatitis and has clinical value.