OBJECTIVE To analyze the bacterial spectrum characteristics and drug resistance of midstream urine culture-positive cases in patients with urinary tract infection(UTI),and to provide reference for rational use of antibiotics.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 6 029 patients with urinary tract infections who had positive midstream urine cultures at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from 2013 to 2023,with a total of 8 495 infectious bacterial detected,and the characteristics of the pathogens,antimicrobial susceptibility tests and the epidemiological features were analyzed.RESULTS There were 2 086 males and 3 943 fe-males.A total of 8 495 pathogens were isolated,of which 1 492 stains of gram-positive bacteria accounted for 17.56％,5 850 strains of gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.86％,1 150 strains of fungi accounted for 13.54％,with Escherichia coli(42.30％),Klebsiella pneumoniae(7.59％),and Enterococcus faecalis(6.19％)being predominated.The major gram-negative bacteria had low resistance rates to meropenem,imipen-em and ertapenem(＜20％),and high resistance rates to ampicillin and cefazolin(＞34％).The major gram-posi-tive bacteria had low resistance rates to teicoplanin and quinupristin/dalfopristin(＜12％),very low resistance to linezolid(＜1％),and high resistance rates to erythromycin(＞40％).The main fungi had low resistance rates to flucytosine and amphotericin B(＜3％),while Candida tropicalis had high resistance rates to itraconazole,flu-conazole,and voriconazole(37.93％-42.18％).CONCLUSION The three most frequently isolated pathogens in the midstream urine cultures of patients with UTI are Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Group D En-terococcus faecalis,which show low resistance to tigecycline and high resistance to ciprofloxacin,ampicillin and levofloxacin,and these findings provide important references for clinical treatment of urinary tract infections.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the bacterial spectrum characteristics and drug resistance of midstream urine culture-positive cases in patients with urinary tract infection(UTI),and to provide reference for rational use of antibiotics.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 6 029 patients with urinary tract infections who had positive midstream urine cultures at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from 2013 to 2023,with a total of 8 495 infectious bacterial detected,and the characteristics of the pathogens,antimicrobial susceptibility tests and the epidemiological features were analyzed.RESULTS There were 2 086 males and 3 943 fe-males.A total of 8 495 pathogens were isolated,of which 1 492 stains of gram-positive bacteria accounted for 17.56％,5 850 strains of gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.86％,1 150 strains of fungi accounted for 13.54％,with Escherichia coli(42.30％),Klebsiella pneumoniae(7.59％),and Enterococcus faecalis(6.19％)being predominated.The major gram-negative bacteria had low resistance rates to meropenem,imipen-em and ertapenem(＜20％),and high resistance rates to ampicillin and cefazolin(＞34％).The major gram-posi-tive bacteria had low resistance rates to teicoplanin and quinupristin/dalfopristin(＜12％),very low resistance to linezolid(＜1％),and high resistance rates to erythromycin(＞40％).The main fungi had low resistance rates to flucytosine and amphotericin B(＜3％),while Candida tropicalis had high resistance rates to itraconazole,flu-conazole,and voriconazole(37.93％-42.18％).CONCLUSION The three most frequently isolated pathogens in the midstream urine cultures of patients with UTI are Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Group D En-terococcus faecalis,which show low resistance to tigecycline and high resistance to ciprofloxacin,ampicillin and levofloxacin,and these findings provide important references for clinical treatment of urinary tract infections.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including rs13278062 (TNFRSF10A), rs3750846 (ARMS2-HTRA1), rs429358 (APOE), rs5817082 (CEPT), rs2043085 (LIPC), rs1626340 (TGFBR1), and rs8135665 (SLC16A8) identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS) with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) among ethnic Han Chinese from Sichuan, China. METHODS: A cohort of 576 AMD patients and 572 healthy controls were enrolled in a case-control study. The SNPs were genotyped by a Mass array MALDI-TOF System. On the premise that the genotype distribution of each SNP locus in both groups satisfied Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the genetic pattern was analyzed and the scores of allele and genotype frequencies ware compared. RESULTS: There was a significant association between TNFRSF10A rs13278062 and AMD under the heterozygous model (P = 0.000, OR = 1.529, 95%CI = 1.196-1.954) and the dominant model (P = 0.002, OR = 1.459, 95%CI = 1.154-1.865), suggesting that subjects carrying rs13278062GT and rs13278062TT + GT are more likely to develop the AMD, whereas no significant difference was observed for rs13278062 under other models. No association was detected with the other six SNPs and AMD under various genetic models. CONCLUSION This case-control association study has indicated that TNFRSF10A rs13278062 is associated with AMD under the heterozygous and dominant models, suggesting that the TNFRSF10A variant may be involved in the development of AMD among ethnic Han Chinese population.
Case-Control Studies ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1/genetics* ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

【Objective】 To determine the reference range of thromboelastogram(TEG) and establish a TEG feature for local population by measuring TEG parameters in healthy adults in Shenzhen comparing the difference between gender and age, and analyzing the reference data provided by reagent manufacturer. 【Methods】 A total of 916 healthy adults, aged between 19 to 59, who did their regular health checks in our hospital from September 2020 to August 2021 were selected. The TEG(from Lepu Medical Technology Co., Ltd.) was performed, and the clot reaction time(R), clot formation time(K), coagulation angle(α-Angle), maximum amplitude(MA), coagulation index(CI), fibrinolysis index LY30 and the estimated percent lysis (EPL) were analyzed. 【Results】 The reference ranges of TEG parameters, including R, K, α-Angle, MA, CI, LY30 and EPL, of 916 healthy adults from Shenzhen were 3.25~8.19 min, 0.66~3.18min, 47.70~76.56deg, 50.05~72.91mm, -4.3~3.4, 0~2.2% and 0~3%, respectively. The value of α-Angle, CI, K, LY30, MA and R didn’t all meet the given range provided by the manufacturer; some were exceeding and some inferior to. A total of 227 out of 916 individuals presented abnormal results, relative to the references, in at least one parameter, and 78 were diagnosed of abnormal coagulation based on the given reference range, with a specificity of 75.2%. 【Conclusion】 The reference range of TEG parameters of Shenzhen locals is significantly different from that provided by manufacturers. And it is imperative for local TEG laboratories to establish their own reference ranges according to age and gender groups based on local population characteristics.

Objective:To study the anti-motion sickness effect of atrial natriuretic peptide（ANP）through establishing two types of motion sickness rat models by giving rotational stimulation or intraperitoneal arginine vasopressin（AVP）injection.Methods:Normal Sprague-Dawley rats were rotated 120 min to induce motion sickness. The behavioural changes in their ingestion of 0.15% saccharin sodium solution（SSS）and consumption of kaolin were measured；and the susceptibilities of the rats to motion sickness were thus determined. The behavioural changes in the ingestion of 0.15% SSS after the intraperitoneal injection of AVP were also recorded. Finally，after the intraperitoneal injection of ANP，inhibitory influences on taste aversion to 0.15% SSS induced by these two methods were determined.Results:After the rotational stimulation，the rats reduced their intake of 0.15% SSS（taste aversion）or increased the intake of kaolin（pica）. The intraperitoneal injection of AVP in rats could also induce taste aversion to 0.15% SSS. However，the intraperitoneal injection of ANP effectively inhibited this conditioned taste aversion to 0.15% SSS induced either by rotational stimulation or AVP injection.Conclusion:Both rotational stimulation and intraperitoneal injection of AVP could induce motion sickness；and the intraperitoneal injection of ANP could help relieve motion sickness in rats.

Objective:To explore inner ear mechanism of 6-gingerol，an active ingredient of ginger，for resisting motion sickness in rats.Methods:By stimulating SD rats with rotation，so as to induce conditioned anorexia to 0.15% saccharin solution，thus simulating motion sickness. Using qRT-PCR，western blotting，ELISA，and other related biological techniques to detect aquaporin 2（AQP2），plasma arginine vasopressin（AVP）V2 receptor（V2R），transient receptor potential ion channel 4（TRPV4）mRNA，and protein expression levels of the rats’ inner ears，and observe the impact of TRPV4 antagonist ruthenium red on the effect of 6-gingerol countering motion sickness.Results:After 6-gingerol inhibited the rotational stimulation，the expression levels of AQP2 mRNA and protein in the inner ear of rats were significantly increased（ P<0.05），the TRPV4 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly decreased（ P<0.05），and the expression levels of V2R mRNA and protein were decreased（ P<0.05）. After using ruthenium red（5 mg/kg）alone，the reduction of drinking saccharin in rats was significant（ P<0.01）. The 6-gingerol combing with ruthenium red（5 mg/kg）could eliminate the inhibitory effect of 6-gingerol pretreatment on the reduction of saccharin drinking in rats after rotational stimulation（ P<0.01）. Conclusion:The mechanism of 6-gingerol for resisting motion sickness may be related to its impact on the transcriptions and expressions of V2R and TRPV4 in inner ear，and then on the AQP2 expression.

Objective:To investigate the effect of rotational stimulation on the expression and distribution of α-ENaC in different areas of the inner ears of rats.Methods:With immunohistochemistry staining，the expressions of α-ENaC in different areas of the inner ears of the Sprague-Dawley rats after rotational stimulation were observed.Results:After rotational stimulation，the expressions of α-ENaC in the stria vascularis，the spiral ganglion neurons，peripheral satellite cells，the epithelial and stromal cells of the macula utriculi，the vestibular ganglion neurons of rats were increased，while the distributions of α-ENaC in epithelial and stromal cells of the crista ampullaris were decreased. Moreover，in the spiral ligament，Reissner’s membrane，the epithelial and stromal cells of the macula sacculi，and the epithelial cells of the semicircular canal，the distributions of α-ENaC of the observation group were similar to the control group.Conclusion:The α-ENaC were widely expressed in the inner ears，and the changes of its expression varied among different areas in the inner ears of rats after rotation. Thus，ENaC may be involved in the development of motion sickness through regulating the endolymph balance and vestibular sensation of the inner ears.

Objective:To study the anti-motion sickness effect of atrial natriuretic peptide（ANP）through establishing two types of motion sickness rat models by giving rotational stimulation or intraperitoneal arginine vasopressin（AVP）injection.Methods:Normal Sprague-Dawley rats were rotated 120 min to induce motion sickness. The behavioural changes in their ingestion of 0.15% saccharin sodium solution（SSS）and consumption of kaolin were measured；and the susceptibilities of the rats to motion sickness were thus determined. The behavioural changes in the ingestion of 0.15% SSS after the intraperitoneal injection of AVP were also recorded. Finally，after the intraperitoneal injection of ANP，inhibitory influences on taste aversion to 0.15% SSS induced by these two methods were determined.Results:After the rotational stimulation，the rats reduced their intake of 0.15% SSS（taste aversion）or increased the intake of kaolin（pica）. The intraperitoneal injection of AVP in rats could also induce taste aversion to 0.15% SSS. However，the intraperitoneal injection of ANP effectively inhibited this conditioned taste aversion to 0.15% SSS induced either by rotational stimulation or AVP injection.Conclusion:Both rotational stimulation and intraperitoneal injection of AVP could induce motion sickness；and the intraperitoneal injection of ANP could help relieve motion sickness in rats.

Objective:To explore inner ear mechanism of 6-gingerol，an active ingredient of ginger，for resisting motion sickness in rats.Methods:By stimulating SD rats with rotation，so as to induce conditioned anorexia to 0.15% saccharin solution，thus simulating motion sickness. Using qRT-PCR，western blotting，ELISA，and other related biological techniques to detect aquaporin 2（AQP2），plasma arginine vasopressin（AVP）V2 receptor（V2R），transient receptor potential ion channel 4（TRPV4）mRNA，and protein expression levels of the rats’ inner ears，and observe the impact of TRPV4 antagonist ruthenium red on the effect of 6-gingerol countering motion sickness.Results:After 6-gingerol inhibited the rotational stimulation，the expression levels of AQP2 mRNA and protein in the inner ear of rats were significantly increased（ P<0.05），the TRPV4 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly decreased（ P<0.05），and the expression levels of V2R mRNA and protein were decreased（ P<0.05）. After using ruthenium red（5 mg/kg）alone，the reduction of drinking saccharin in rats was significant（ P<0.01）. The 6-gingerol combing with ruthenium red（5 mg/kg）could eliminate the inhibitory effect of 6-gingerol pretreatment on the reduction of saccharin drinking in rats after rotational stimulation（ P<0.01）. Conclusion:The mechanism of 6-gingerol for resisting motion sickness may be related to its impact on the transcriptions and expressions of V2R and TRPV4 in inner ear，and then on the AQP2 expression.

Objective:To investigate the effect of rotational stimulation on the expression and distribution of α-ENaC in different areas of the inner ears of rats.Methods:With immunohistochemistry staining，the expressions of α-ENaC in different areas of the inner ears of the Sprague-Dawley rats after rotational stimulation were observed.Results:After rotational stimulation，the expressions of α-ENaC in the stria vascularis，the spiral ganglion neurons，peripheral satellite cells，the epithelial and stromal cells of the macula utriculi，the vestibular ganglion neurons of rats were increased，while the distributions of α-ENaC in epithelial and stromal cells of the crista ampullaris were decreased. Moreover，in the spiral ligament，Reissner’s membrane，the epithelial and stromal cells of the macula sacculi，and the epithelial cells of the semicircular canal，the distributions of α-ENaC of the observation group were similar to the control group.Conclusion:The α-ENaC were widely expressed in the inner ears，and the changes of its expression varied among different areas in the inner ears of rats after rotation. Thus，ENaC may be involved in the development of motion sickness through regulating the endolymph balance and vestibular sensation of the inner ears.