Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF） is a chronic and fibrotic lethal interstitial lung disease with poor prognosis. It is mainly treated by organ transplantation and administration of chemical drugs， which have poor efficacy and induce side effects， failing to meet the clinical needs. Therefore， it is urgent to develop more safe and effective drugs to treat IPF. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has garnered increasing attention in recent years in the treatment of IPF due to its unique advantages. Increasing studies have shown that TCM has remarkable therapeutic effects on IPF and thus demonstrate broad application prospects. Modern medical research shows that the pathogenesis of IPF can be discussed from inflammation （macrophage polarization）， oxidative stress， epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）， autophagy inhibition and other related signaling pathways， while few studies systematically explain the relationship between the signaling pathways and TCM theory. According to the theory of TCM， lung collateral obstruction is the basic pathogenesis of IPF. Therefore， according to the principle of dredging and replenishing lung collaterals， IPF can be treated with the methods of reinforcing healthy qi and eliminating pathogen， replenishing qi and activating blood， and detoxifying and dredging collaterals， which demonstrate definite curative effect and can effectively relieve clinical symptoms， restore the lung function and blood oxygen partial pressure， improve the quality of life of patients， and reduce adverse reactions. Experimental studies have found that dredging and replenishing lung collaterals have significant effects on IPF inflammation （macrophage polarization）， oxidative stress， EMT， autophagy inhibition and other signaling pathways. Therefore， from the perspective of impediment， this article reviews pathogenesis of IPF， the research progress in TCM treatment of IPF， and the treatment of IPF from active components， single herbs， and compound prescriptions of TCM， with the aim of revealing the scientific connotation of the treatment of IPF from impediment and providing a new theoretical basis for enriching the TCM methods of treating IPF.

Venous thrombosis is one of the common and serious complications after pancreas transplantation. The organ transplantation center of Shanxi Bethune hospital innovatively improved the previous surgical method of ligating the splenic artery and splenic vein to perform end-to-end anastomosis between the splenic artery and splenic vein in the tail of the pancreas and retain the effective diameter of the splenic artery of about 2 mm to increase the blood flow of splenic vein to prevent thrombosis. The center has successfully completed 2 cases, and the operation effect is good. Postoperative monitoring of abdominal vascular CT angiography showed that the splenic vein reflux was unobstructed. This operation can effectively increase the blood flow of splenic vein and reduce the risk of thrombosis.

Objective:To evaluate the outcomes of minimally invasive therapy for aortic arch pathology after ascending aortic replacement.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2016 to 2024. After multidisciplinary discussion, these included patients were evaluated to be at high risk for traditional open surgery. Various minimally invasive repair techniques were employed, including Ⅳb hybrid technique, physician-modified endograft and novel unibody endograft. The study outcomes were technical success, in-hospital and follow-up mortality, stroke, endoleak, and the patency of the supra-aortic vessels.Results:A total of 40 patients(32 males and 8 females) with a median age of 60 years old were included in this study. The technique success rate was 100%, with no deaths or strokes reported. The patency of the supra-aortic vessels was 100%. 10 patients underwent Type Ⅳb hybrid surgery without any endoleaks occurring. Among the 22 patients who received physician-modified endograft, endoleaks were observed in 2 cases. One of these type Ⅰc endoleaks persisted and underwent reintervention. One patient underwent femoral artery replacement due to vascular injury. For the 8 patients who received novel unibody endograft, one case required reintervention due to persistent type Ⅰc endoleaks.Conclusion:With the development of different endovascular techniques and novel branched endograft, patients with aortic arch pathology who are at high risk for redo open surgery can achieve favorable outcomes with various minimal invasive techniques. However, long-term and large-sample follow-up studies are needed for further evaluation.

Liu Shih-Hao,the founder of endocrinology in China,conducted research on the hypothalam-ic-pituitary-gonadal axis using rats as experimental subjects during his academic training in the United Kingdom in the late 1930s.This aspect of his work has not yet received due attention in prior scholarship.Accordingly,this article provides an overview of this series of studies and situates these relatively micro-level events in medi-cal history within the broader context of Liu Shih-Hao's personal academic trajectory and the historical develop-ment of endocrinology at the time.Furthermore,by connecting these early investigations with Liu's later report,The Direction of Endocrinology Research Development,delivered more than two decades afterward,this paper explores the underlying linkages between them.Through this analysis,the study aims to elucidate the rich historiographical significance of these investigations,thereby contributing to a more comprehensive under-standing of Liu Shih-Hao's academic legacy as well as the establishment and evolution of endocrinology in China.

Mice have been widely used in the study of primary liver cancer owing to the close similarity of its genome to that of humans,its strong reproductive ability,the low cost of model construction,and the ease of genetic manipulation,including molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and potential drug targets.Traditional animal models are increasingly falling short of meeting the needs of precision medicine research because of their inability to reproduce tumor microenvironment interactions and control the specificity of molecular subtypes.This study systematically compared the technical advantages of tail vein high-pressure injection,combined with transposon system(HTVI-TS),with traditional models in liver cancer research,and focused on the application value of the HTVI-TS model in the mechanism study of tumorigenesis and development,immunotherapy response prediction,and individualized evaluation of targeted drugs.This report presents a new research platform for precise diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer by simulating the heterogeneous evolution process of the cancer.The findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the selection of preclinical research models for liver cancer;the expansion potential of this technology in liver cancer research is outlined.

Liu Shih-Hao,the founder of endocrinology in China,conducted research on the hypothalam-ic-pituitary-gonadal axis using rats as experimental subjects during his academic training in the United Kingdom in the late 1930s.This aspect of his work has not yet received due attention in prior scholarship.Accordingly,this article provides an overview of this series of studies and situates these relatively micro-level events in medi-cal history within the broader context of Liu Shih-Hao's personal academic trajectory and the historical develop-ment of endocrinology at the time.Furthermore,by connecting these early investigations with Liu's later report,The Direction of Endocrinology Research Development,delivered more than two decades afterward,this paper explores the underlying linkages between them.Through this analysis,the study aims to elucidate the rich historiographical significance of these investigations,thereby contributing to a more comprehensive under-standing of Liu Shih-Hao's academic legacy as well as the establishment and evolution of endocrinology in China.

Mice have been widely used in the study of primary liver cancer owing to the close similarity of its genome to that of humans,its strong reproductive ability,the low cost of model construction,and the ease of genetic manipulation,including molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and potential drug targets.Traditional animal models are increasingly falling short of meeting the needs of precision medicine research because of their inability to reproduce tumor microenvironment interactions and control the specificity of molecular subtypes.This study systematically compared the technical advantages of tail vein high-pressure injection,combined with transposon system(HTVI-TS),with traditional models in liver cancer research,and focused on the application value of the HTVI-TS model in the mechanism study of tumorigenesis and development,immunotherapy response prediction,and individualized evaluation of targeted drugs.This report presents a new research platform for precise diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer by simulating the heterogeneous evolution process of the cancer.The findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the selection of preclinical research models for liver cancer;the expansion potential of this technology in liver cancer research is outlined.

Objective:To evaluate the outcomes of minimally invasive therapy for aortic arch pathology after ascending aortic replacement.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2016 to 2024. After multidisciplinary discussion, these included patients were evaluated to be at high risk for traditional open surgery. Various minimally invasive repair techniques were employed, including Ⅳb hybrid technique, physician-modified endograft and novel unibody endograft. The study outcomes were technical success, in-hospital and follow-up mortality, stroke, endoleak, and the patency of the supra-aortic vessels.Results:A total of 40 patients(32 males and 8 females) with a median age of 60 years old were included in this study. The technique success rate was 100%, with no deaths or strokes reported. The patency of the supra-aortic vessels was 100%. 10 patients underwent Type Ⅳb hybrid surgery without any endoleaks occurring. Among the 22 patients who received physician-modified endograft, endoleaks were observed in 2 cases. One of these type Ⅰc endoleaks persisted and underwent reintervention. One patient underwent femoral artery replacement due to vascular injury. For the 8 patients who received novel unibody endograft, one case required reintervention due to persistent type Ⅰc endoleaks.Conclusion:With the development of different endovascular techniques and novel branched endograft, patients with aortic arch pathology who are at high risk for redo open surgery can achieve favorable outcomes with various minimal invasive techniques. However, long-term and large-sample follow-up studies are needed for further evaluation.

Venous thrombosis is one of the common and serious complications after pancreas transplantation. The organ transplantation center of Shanxi Bethune hospital innovatively improved the previous surgical method of ligating the splenic artery and splenic vein to perform end-to-end anastomosis between the splenic artery and splenic vein in the tail of the pancreas and retain the effective diameter of the splenic artery of about 2 mm to increase the blood flow of splenic vein to prevent thrombosis. The center has successfully completed 2 cases, and the operation effect is good. Postoperative monitoring of abdominal vascular CT angiography showed that the splenic vein reflux was unobstructed. This operation can effectively increase the blood flow of splenic vein and reduce the risk of thrombosis.

Invasive fungal disease （IFD） is a deep infectious disease with an overall increasing incidence in patients with hematologic malignancies. Triazoles， polyenes， echinocandins echinocandin antifungal drugs， 5-fluorocytosine and Compound sulfamethoxazole are the main drugs used in the clinical treatment of IFD. Therapeutic drug monitoring for IFD prevention and treatment is helpful to optimize treatment outcomes and reduce adverse effects. In this paper， the effective plasma concentration ranges of the above 5 types of drugs are systematically summarized， and the correlation between the plasma concentration of antifungal drugs and the efficacy and adverse reactions is reviewed. Solid phase extraction combined with ultra-performance chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is a promising detection method in this research field.