Objective:To investigate the clinical features of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) manifested as epileptic seizures.Methods:Clinical data of a family with CADASIL manifested as epileptic seizures admitted to Department of Neurology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital in December 2018 were collected. Literature on CADASIL manifested as epileptic seizures was collected from databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and PubMed published from database establishment to July 31, 2024. Clinical, imaging and genetic test results of these 48 patients were analyzed.Results:The proband presented with recurrent generalized tonic-clonic seizure, and had history of cerebral infarction and cognitive impairment. His mother had a similar history. Multiple lacunar infarction and extensive white matter lesion (involving the temporal pole, external capsule and superior frontal gyrus) and intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) was noted at the proband. His son had no clinical symptom, but had multiple white matter lesion, without temporal pole involvement or ICAS. The proband and his son had the same pathogenic heterozygous missense mutation site C.505 C>T(P. Arg169Cys) at NOTCH3 gene. Among these 48 patients, 25 (52.1%) had stroke and 33 (68.8%) had cognitive impairment. All patients showed white matter lesion on imaging, including 19 (39.6%) with temporal pole involvement, 21 (43.8%) with external capsule involvement, 38 (79.2%) with multiple lacunar infarction, and 2 (4.2%) with ICAS. Conclusion:ICAS is rare in patients with CADASIL manifested as epileptic seizures; cognitive impairment and stroke are often accompanied; extensive white matter lesion is the clue for diagnosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) manifested as epileptic seizures.Methods:Clinical data of a family with CADASIL manifested as epileptic seizures admitted to Department of Neurology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital in December 2018 were collected. Literature on CADASIL manifested as epileptic seizures was collected from databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and PubMed published from database establishment to July 31, 2024. Clinical, imaging and genetic test results of these 48 patients were analyzed.Results:The proband presented with recurrent generalized tonic-clonic seizure, and had history of cerebral infarction and cognitive impairment. His mother had a similar history. Multiple lacunar infarction and extensive white matter lesion (involving the temporal pole, external capsule and superior frontal gyrus) and intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) was noted at the proband. His son had no clinical symptom, but had multiple white matter lesion, without temporal pole involvement or ICAS. The proband and his son had the same pathogenic heterozygous missense mutation site C.505 C>T(P. Arg169Cys) at NOTCH3 gene. Among these 48 patients, 25 (52.1%) had stroke and 33 (68.8%) had cognitive impairment. All patients showed white matter lesion on imaging, including 19 (39.6%) with temporal pole involvement, 21 (43.8%) with external capsule involvement, 38 (79.2%) with multiple lacunar infarction, and 2 (4.2%) with ICAS. Conclusion:ICAS is rare in patients with CADASIL manifested as epileptic seizures; cognitive impairment and stroke are often accompanied; extensive white matter lesion is the clue for diagnosis.

Objective To establish a method of quick three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of pubic symphysis based on magnetic resonance imaging. Methods The pelvis images of adult male were generated on a 3.0 T scanner using a T1 Gradient Echo FLASH-3D (T1- FL3D) sequence and imported the images into medical image control system. Segmentation of binaryzation threshold was conducted and pelvic soft tissue image was extracted by regional growth, 3D structure model of pubic symphysis was obtained by Boolean operation. The 3D structure model of pubic symphysis was established by the noise reduction of reverse engineering software. And compared with the 3D reconstruction model pubic bone CT scan. Results The morphological characters of the MRI pubic symphysis 3D model, such as the ridges and furrows on the symphysial surface, lower extremity, dorsal margin (beveling), margin (beveling) and pubic tubercle, were highly consistent with the morphological characters of the 3D model established by CT scan. Conclusion MRI scan can be used to reconstruct the 3D structure of pubic symphysis quickly and effectively, and it can provide a safe radiation-free 3D visualization imaging technique for forensic age estimation for the living.

Objective To investigate influence of ginsenoside Rb1 on the proliferation and bioactivity of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs).Methods OECs were primary cultured and purified from olfactory bulb of the adult SD rats.MTT assay was used to detect proliferation of OECs treated with ginsenoside Rb1 (intervention concentrations of 0,10,20,40,and 80 μg/ml and intervention time of 12,24,36,48,and 60 hours).Optimal concentration and intervention time of ginsenoside Rb1 was determined and performed in the succedent experiments.Purified cells were divided into blank control group and ginsenoside Rb1 group.RT-PCR was utilized to determine mRNA expressions of nerve growth factor (NGF),brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF),glial derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) and neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in the two groups.ELISA analysis was performed to measure secretion levels of NGF,BDNF and GDNF in the cultural supernatant.Results MTF analysis suggested ginsenoside Rb1 promoted proliferation of OECs with optimal effect at 20 μg/ml concentration for 48 hours (0.648±0.019,P ＜ 0.05).RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that mRNA expressions of NGF,BDNF,GDNF and N-CAM were significantly up-regulated in ginsenoside Rb1 group compared to those in blank control group (0.620 ± 0.011 vs 0.180 ± 0.011,0.511 ± 0.090 vs 0.293 ± 0.051,0.343 ± 0.042 vs 0.064 ± 0.005,0.839 ± 0.017 vs 0.717 ± 0.044) (P ＜ 0.05).ELISA analysis confirmed that secretions of NGF,BDNF and GDNF was increased in Rb1 group compared to those in blank control group (200.167 ± 8.361 vs 51.467 ± 3.815,156.700 ± 4.190 vs 96.500 ± 2.707,26.264 ± 5.864 vs 4.917 ± 10.894,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ginsenoside Rb1 significantly promotes proliferation and bioactivity of OECs and hence benefits to spinal cord injury repair.

Oxidative stress is a major cause of fatty liver,atherosclerosis,cancer,organ damage following ischemia/reperfusion,etc.In recent years,significant improvements have been achieved in studies on signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress,which provide a basis for the drug and gene therapy.This article reviews the major redox-related signaling molecules and pathways,including transcription factors,growth factor signaling,tyrosine kinases and serine/threonine kinases.