Aquaporin 5(AQP5)is a specific protein that can significantly increase the water permeability of cell membrane,partici-pate in the process of water secretion and absorption,maintain the balance of water molecules inside and outside the cell,and transport water across the membrane.Programmed cell death(PCD)is closely associated with the development and progression of Sj?gren's syn-drome(SS).AQP5 may influence the development and progression of SS by regulating the PCD mechanism.This article reviews the mo-lecular mechanisms of AQP5 in regulating the apoptosis,pyroptosis,autophagy,and ferroptosis of cells in recent years and discusses the potential influence of AQP5 on SS,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of SS.

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a kind of connective tissue disease with high incidence and difficult to be treated, which belongs to the category of "dryness-arthralgia" in TCM. Xuanfu is a micro-concept of TCM, and is widely distributed and has the properties of "gateway" and "road", playing the role of circulating gas-liquid and operating spirit mechanism. Aquaporin (AQP) is a membrane-specific transmembrane protein that is widely distributed throughout the body and controls the movement of water, ions and gases in and out of cells. In recent years, the Xuanfu theory and AQP have played an important role in the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of SS. This article explored the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of SS by listing the correlation between Xuanfu and AQP in terms of structure and function, providing more theoretical basis for the application of Xuanfu theory in the treatment of SS.

Objective To analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer,so as to provide evidence for identifying high-risk populations and guiding clinical treatment.Methods The clinical data of 282 patients with advanced gastric cancer who admitted to Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The survival outcome of patients was obtained by telephone follow-up and regular review.Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival(OS).Univariate and multivariate COX regression models were used to analyze the effects of clinical features on OS in patients with advanced gastric cancer.Results The median OS of 282 patients with advanced gastric cancer was 10.0 months.Univariate analysis showed that first-line chemotherapy,traditional Chinese medicine treatment,body mass index(BMI),Karnofsky performance status(KPS)score,hemoglobin(Hb)and albumin(Alb)were significantly correlated with the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer(P<0.05).Multivariate COX regression models analysis showed that first-line chemotherapy,BMI,KPS score and Alb were independent risk factors affecting the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer(P<0.05).Conclusion BMI,Alb,KPS score and first-line chemotherapy are independent risk factors for predicting the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer,indicating nutrition management may be an important way to improve the outcome of patients with advanced gastric cancer.

【Objective】 To analyze the commonality and characteristics between voluntary blood donors and hematopoietic stem cell donors in this region, and explore the potential for integration and development between China Marrow Donors Program (CMDP) and voluntary blood donors, especially platelet donor databases, so as to improve recruitment success rate and inventory rate. 【Methods】 The database modeling and comparison methods were used to screen and stratify the matching and integration degree between the voluntary blood donors in recent 10 years and the marrow donors in the Shaanxi Branch of CMDP. The frequencies of HLA-A,-B alleles, HPA alleles and haplotypes were calculated with Arlequin 3. 5. 2. 2 software, and the matching probability of different platelet donor reserve pools was conducted according to the phenotypic frequencies. 【Results】 Among the voluntary donors with known HLA genotypes in this region, according to their blood donation behavior,the active blood donors excavated were divided into the first, second, third and fourth echelons of platelet donor reserve pools, with 696, 2 752, 9 092 and 12 028 donors, respectively. The first echelon had the highest proportion of 10-50 times of platelet donations and 10-20 times of whole blood donations, with 13.65% and 26.01%, respectively. The second echelon had 10-20 times of whole blood donations and 10-50 times of platelet donations, accounted for 15.04% and 1.38%, respectively, which were significantly different from other echelons' blood donation characteristics (P<0.05). With a database size of the existing platelet donor bank adding the first and second echelons (n=4 955), there was a 69.02% probability of matching at least one donor with matching HLA-A-B phenotype. When considering the matching ABO and HPA phenotypes, the probability of finding at least one donor with fully matching HLA, HPA and ABO isotype (type B as an example) was 48. 73%. 【Conclusion】 The three groups of whole blood donation, apheresis platelet donation and marrow donation in Xi'an area have a large cross-distribution. Compared with expanding the storage capacity from scratch, the active blood donors in CMDP database are the largest back-up force of platelet donors. While expanding the effective storage capacity, it can minimize the cost of building platelet donor bank and the demand for resources.

Dyspepsia is a common group of clinical symptoms and can be classified into organic and functional dyspepsia. Patients with chronic pancreatitis （CP） often have the symptoms of dyspepsia such as fatty diarrhea， abdominal distention， and abdominal pain， and most patients have pancreatic exocrine insufficiency （PEI）， which belongs to organic dyspepsia. In clinical practice， the diagnosis of PEI and dyspepsia requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations， nutritional status， and pancreatic exocrine function， and an individualized treatment regimen should be developed based on such factors. However， some patients with normal exocrine function may have the symptoms of dyspepsia， and the diagnosis and treatment of such patients are still difficulties in clinical practice. This article reviews the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of dyspepsia in CP patients.

Objective:To investigate the long-term survival and safety in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who experienced a noninvasive down-staging (≤pT 1)after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) plus systemic chemotherapy and received bladder-sparing treatment. Methods:The records of patients with MIBC who underwent maximal TURBT plus systemic chemotherapy-guided bladder-sparing treatment were reviewed retrospectively from Dec 2013 to Dec 2020. Eventually, 22 patients who achieved noninvasive down-staging underwent conservative management. The total patient cohort contained 10 males and 12 females. A majority of patients had single lesion and stage T2 disease. The median age of the patients was 66 years and the median tumor size was 3.0 cm. All patients underwent maximal TURBT to resect all visible diseases and followed by 3-4 cycles platinum-based systemic chemotherapy. After achieving noninvasive down-staging, 14 patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and the other 8 patients underwent surveillance. Overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) was used to assess the bladder function after treatment.Results:Twelve patients achieved pT 0 and 10 patients were down-staged to cT a-T 1. At a median follow-up of 36.7 months, 90.9%(20/22) patients retained their bladder function successfully. Among the 14 patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy, 4 had grade 3 or 4 adverse events. Among the 8 patients who underwent surveillance, 3 had grade 3 or 4 adverse events after systemic chemotherapy.Nine patients experienced tumor recurrence in the bladder, and 2 patients died of bladder cancer. Seven (31.8%) patients experienced Ⅲ/Ⅳ grade complications. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients achieved pT0 were 66.7% and 100.0%, respectively. The 5-year RFS and OS in patients achieved cTa-T1 were 40% and 72%, respectively. The OABSS score of 20 patients who retained their bladder successfully was (1.00±1.03). Conclusions:MIBC patients who achieved noninvasive down-staging might be candidates for the bladder-sparing treatment with maximum TURBT followed by systemic chemotherapy.The patients who achieved pT 0 might have better prognosis with functional bladder.

In recent years, the prevalence rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased significantly and NAFLD has gradually become one of the common chronic liver diseases in China. Patients with NAFLD-related end-stage or deteriorative liver diseases have become one of the main populations for liver transplantation. The increasing prevalence rate of NAFLD and the severe outcomes of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) make it necessary to use effective methods to identify NAFLD. Therefore, this article summarizes the current serological methods for the diagnosis of NAFLD, including steatosis, NASH, and liver fibrosis, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Although most of the serum markers have limited clinical value, serum marker models have a good application prospect in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis, the evaluation of fibrosis degree, and preliminary screening. Since a combination of different serological models can improve the accuracy of diagnosis, multi-angle and multicenter joint diagnosis will be a research hotspot in the future.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and current status of surgical management for esophageal cancer in China.Methods:A national database was setup through a network platform. The clinical data of esophageal cancer treated by surgery was collected from 70 major hospitals in China between January 2009 and December 2014.Results:Complete data of 8 181 cases of esophageal cancer patients who underwent surgery were recorded in the database and recruited in the analysis. Among them, 6 052 cases were male and 2 129 were female, the average age was 60.5 years.The epidemiological investigation results showed that 148 cases (1.8%) had history of psychological trauma, 7 527 cases (92.0%) were lower social economic status, 5 072 cases (62.0%) were short of fresh vegetables and fruits, 6 544 cases (80.0%) ate rough food frequently, 3 722 cases (45.5%) drank untreated water directly from lake or river or shallow well, 3 436 cases (42.0%) had a unhealthy eating habit, including habits of eating food fast (507 cases, 6.2%), eating hot food or drinking hot tea/soup (998 cases, 12.2%), eating fried food (1 939 cases, 23.7%), 4 410 cases (53.9%) had the habits of smoking cigarettes and 2 822 cases (34.5%) drank white wine frequently.The pathological results showed that 7 813 cases (95.5%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 267 cases were adenocarcinoma (3.3%), 25 cases were adenosquamous cell carcinoma (0.3%) and 50 cases were small cell carcinoma (0.6%). A total of 1 800 cases (22.0%) received preoperative neoadjuvant therapy due to locally advanced disease or difficulty of resection. The esophagectomies were performed through left thoracotomy approach in 5 870 cases (71.8%), through right chest approach in 2 215 cases (27.1%), and the remain 96 cases (1.2%) received surgery though other approaches.A total of 8 001 cases (97.8%) underwent radical resection, the other 180 cases (2.2%) received palliative resection. The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 0.5%, the overall ≥ grade Ⅱ postoperative complication rate was 11.6% (951 cases). The 1-yr, 3-yr, and 5-yr overall actual survival rates were 82.6%, 61.6%, and 52.9%, respectively.Conclusions:The data analysis of the national database for esophageal cancer shows that bad eating habits or eating rough food without enough nutrients, lower social and economic status, drinking white wine and smoking cigarettes frequently may be correlated with tumorigenesis of esophageal cancer. However, strong evidences produced by prospective observation studies are needed. Overall, the long-term survival of esophageal cancer patients has been improved gradually due to the application of advanced surgical techniques and reasonable multimodality treatment.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and current status of surgical management for esophageal cancer in China.Methods:A national database was setup through a network platform. The clinical data of esophageal cancer treated by surgery was collected from 70 major hospitals in China between January 2009 and December 2014.Results:Complete data of 8 181 cases of esophageal cancer patients who underwent surgery were recorded in the database and recruited in the analysis. Among them, 6 052 cases were male and 2 129 were female, the average age was 60.5 years.The epidemiological investigation results showed that 148 cases (1.8%) had history of psychological trauma, 7 527 cases (92.0%) were lower social economic status, 5 072 cases (62.0%) were short of fresh vegetables and fruits, 6 544 cases (80.0%) ate rough food frequently, 3 722 cases (45.5%) drank untreated water directly from lake or river or shallow well, 3 436 cases (42.0%) had a unhealthy eating habit, including habits of eating food fast (507 cases, 6.2%), eating hot food or drinking hot tea/soup (998 cases, 12.2%), eating fried food (1 939 cases, 23.7%), 4 410 cases (53.9%) had the habits of smoking cigarettes and 2 822 cases (34.5%) drank white wine frequently.The pathological results showed that 7 813 cases (95.5%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 267 cases were adenocarcinoma (3.3%), 25 cases were adenosquamous cell carcinoma (0.3%) and 50 cases were small cell carcinoma (0.6%). A total of 1 800 cases (22.0%) received preoperative neoadjuvant therapy due to locally advanced disease or difficulty of resection. The esophagectomies were performed through left thoracotomy approach in 5 870 cases (71.8%), through right chest approach in 2 215 cases (27.1%), and the remain 96 cases (1.2%) received surgery though other approaches.A total of 8 001 cases (97.8%) underwent radical resection, the other 180 cases (2.2%) received palliative resection. The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 0.5%, the overall ≥ grade Ⅱ postoperative complication rate was 11.6% (951 cases). The 1-yr, 3-yr, and 5-yr overall actual survival rates were 82.6%, 61.6%, and 52.9%, respectively.Conclusions:The data analysis of the national database for esophageal cancer shows that bad eating habits or eating rough food without enough nutrients, lower social and economic status, drinking white wine and smoking cigarettes frequently may be correlated with tumorigenesis of esophageal cancer. However, strong evidences produced by prospective observation studies are needed. Overall, the long-term survival of esophageal cancer patients has been improved gradually due to the application of advanced surgical techniques and reasonable multimodality treatment.

Objective To investigate the dose of docetaxel appropriate for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and its affects to the prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 75 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer admitted from March 2010 to July 2016 who received docetaxel combined with prednisone chemotherapy.The patients were divided into the low-dose group (n =43,docetaxel ＜ 65 mg/m2),the middle-dose group (n =21,docetaxel 65-70 mg/m2) and the high-dose group (n =11,docetaxel ＞ 70 mg/m2).The median age in the low-dose group,middle-dose group and high-dose group was 67 (53-80),66 (56-78) and 61 (47-76) years old,respectively.Among 75 patients with bone metastasis,2 patients had no evidence of bone metastasis in the low-dose group.The lymph node metastasis was found in 26,13 and 6 cases in each group,respectively.And visceral and other metastasis were founded in 11,4 and 2 cases,respectively.The Gleason score in the low-dose group was≤7 points in 15 cases,≥8 points in 22 cases and no score in 6 cases.The Gleason score inthe middle-dose group was ≤7 points in 4 cases,≥8 points in 13 cases and no score in 4 cases.The Gleason score in the high-dose group was ≤7 points in 3 cases,≥8 points in 5 cases and no score in 3 cases.The number of patients with pain in the low-dose group,middle-dose group and high-dose group was 36,12 and 9,respectively,there were no significant differences in the above indicators (P ＞ 0.05),except age,which showed relatively more aged patients in the low-dose group,(P =0.045).Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the overall survival (OS),progression-free survival (PFS) and the incidence of ≥CTCAE-4 grade 3 adverse reactions between the two groups.The Cox regression model was adopted to analyzed the factors that might affect patient prognosis,including the effective time of first-line endocrine therapy,hemoglobin level,ECOG score,pain score,number of cycles of chemotherapy,age,dose of docetaxel and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the effect of dose of docetaxel on the prognosis,and log-rank method was used to test the significance of the results.Results The median OS was respectively 24.1,18.5 and 23.5 months in the low-dose group,middle-dose group and high-dose group,respectively.The median PFS was 5.3 months in all three groups,which didn't show statistically significant differences.The incidence of grade 3/4 adverse reactions in the low-dose group,middle-dose group and high-dose group was 15 cases (34.9％),8 cases (38.1％) and 5 cases (45.5％) respectively.It showed an increasing trend,but no statistically significant difference.The single factors related to OS mainly include the effective time of first-line endocrine therapy,hemoglobin level,ECOG score,pain score,number of cycles of chemotherapy,there was no significant correlation with age,docetaxel dose,ALP and PSA value.Conclusions It is common to receive lower doses of docetaxel in clinical practice for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in China.The efficacy of low-dose docetaxel is similar to that of high doses (standard dosage).There was no significant correlation between the OS and the actual dose of docetaxel in the tolerable range.