ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features and prognosis of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis and convulsion.MethodsClinical data of children with rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalized from January 2010 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects were divided into the seizure group and no seizure group according to the presence of seizure in the course and compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were no signiifcant differences in sex, age, and the average duration of hospitalization between two groups (allP>0.05). The family history, history of seizures, the levels of serum sodium, calcium, lactate, standard bicarbonate concentration (SB), actual bicarbonate concentration (AB), carbon dioxide content (TCO2) and pH were statistically signiifcant between two groups (allP>0.05). During the follow-up period (outpatient telephone follow-up), the recurrence of seizure in two groups was signiifcant different (P<0.05) and only one (0.54%) child in seizure group developed epilepsy.ConclusionThis study showed that rotavirus gastroenteritis with convulsion is a benign clinical course.

Objective To investigate the effect of B7 Homology 3(B7H3)on brain damage of S .Pneumococcal(SP)meningitis . Methods SP meningitis was established by intracerebral ventricular injection of SP suspension on wild-type BALB/C mice .48 mice were divided into 4 groups and received following injections :NS(CON group) ,recombinant murine B7H3alone(B7H3 group) ,SP group ,SP+B7H3 group .At 18 ,48 ,72 h post infection ,mice were conducted neurobehavior score ,then they were anesthetized and killed by cervical vertebra dislocation ,brains were collected .The mRNA expressions of NSE and S100b were detected by real-time PCR .Results Compared with CON group ,the scores of recombinant murine B7H3 group had no significant change at 18 ,48 ,72 h after infection of SP(P>0 .05);at different time points the scores of SP group were decreased significantly than the CON group (P<0 .05);scores of SP+B7H3 group decreased furtherly than SP group(P<0 .05) .The relative expressions of NSE ,S100b mR-NA in brain tissue homogenate :for the NSE ,S100b mRNA relative expressions ,there was no significant difference between B7H3 and CON group at 18 ,48 ,72 h post SP injection(P>0 .05) .At 18h ,48h ,72h ,post infection mRNA expressions of NSE ,S100b in SP group increased compared with CON group(P<0 .05);the mRNA expressions of NSE ,S100b increased furtherly in SP+B7H3 group compared with SP group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion B7H3 upregulates the mRNA expressions of NSE and S100b ,and promotes the progress of SP meningitis in mice .

Objective To analyze the molecular genetic basis of novel allele HLA-B * 9534 and establish the allele group specific primer PCR method. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood by commercial DNA extraction kit. The HLA-B exons 1 to 8 coding sequences of the proband were am-plified by PCR and the amplification product was purified with double enzymes digestion and both strands of exons 2, 3 and 4 were sequenced. The exon 2-4 amplification of the HLA-B * 9534 was performed with al-lele group specific primers PCR and the PCR product was directly sequenced for exon 2 to 4. Results The proband has two HLA-B alleles. The result was assigned for HLA-B * 1518 and B * 4601 combination with a mismatch in 593A/G heterozygote by DNA sequencing of exon 2 to 4 with loci primers. After separating the two alleles of the proband with allele group specific primers polymerase chain reaction method, HLA-B * 4601 and HLA-B * 9534 alleles were identified after sequencing. The HLA-B * 9534 is identical to HLA-B * 1518 except for one nucleotide substitutions in exon 3 at position 593 A→G, this results in amino acid substitution at cedon 174 from Asn to Ser. The sequences of the novel allele have been submitted to GenBank (EU046491) and the allele has been officially nominated by the WHO Nomenclature Committee. Conclusion Identification of a novel HLA-B * 9534 allele and allele group specific primer PCR for HLA-B * 9534 was re-liable.

Objective To explore the dynamic expression of a new phospholipid phosphatase, plasticity related gene 1 ( PRG-1 ) in cerebral cortex following recurrent neonatal seizures.Methods A seizure was induced by inhalant flurothyl daily in neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats from postnatal day 6 (P6).Rats were assigned into the recurrent-seizure group (seizures induced in six consecutive days) and the control group.At 3 h,12 h,48 h,14d after the last convulsion,PRG-1 protein level in cerebral cortex was detected by western blot method.Results At 3 h, 12 h,48 h, 14d after the last convulsion in control group, the expression of PRG-1 in cerebral cortex respectively was 1.363 ± 0.742,1.278 ± 0.687 ,0.763 ± 0.374,1.004 ± 0.113, in experimental group , the expression of PRG-1 in cerebral cortex respectively was 1.818 ± 1.093,1.562 ± 0.782,1.024 ± 0.510,1.378 ± 0.279.At 3 h, 12 h,48 h, the expression of PRG-1 in cerebral cortex was not significantly different between the experimental and control group( t = 0.843,0.668,1.011 ,all P ＞ 0.05 ).However, at 14 d, the level of PRG-1 protein in cerebral cortex of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control ( t = 3.041, P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The up-regulated expression of PRG-1 in cerebral cortex may be associated with the recurrent neonatal seizure-induced brain damage.

Objective:To explore the long-term effects of physical exercises on penicillin induced recurrent convulsion with learning and memory deficits in developing rata and its mechanism.Method:Fifty-six male SD rats(postnatal days [PD]21)were randomly divided into four groups:control group (CONT1),control plus exercises group(CONT2),convulsion group(EXP1)and convulsion plus exercises group(EXP2) ,rwenty rats were assigned for two control groups,each n=10;the surplus 36 rats were kindled by penicilln onceper d,consecutive 6d for creating convulsion models.Control rats were injected equal amount of normal sodium(NS) into abdominal cavity at the same time.The 20 qualified models of convulsion rats were randomly divided into two EXP groups.On PD39-PD43 and PD61-PD64,subjects of the four groups were tested with Morris water maze,and from PD49 to PD54.the rats of CONT2 and EXP2 were given exercises of running wheels,twice a d for consecutive 6d.The expression of glutamicacid receptor 2(GluR2)in hippocampus was detected. Result:①In the first Morris water maze test,there were significant differences of latency among four groups(F=5.56,P<0.01),and the latency of two EXP groups were significantly longer than two CONT groups(P<0.05);In the probe trial,the frequency of two EXP groups passing through target area were significantly less than that of two CONT groups.②In the second water maze test.there were significant effects of exercises on the latency of EXF2 group comparing to EXP1 group (P<0.05);the frequency of two EXP groups passing through target area were still significantly less than that of two CONT groups after exercises training(P<0.05),and there Was no significant difference between EXP1 and EXP2 groups.③In the immanohistochemical staining of GluR2,the gray values in hipocampus of two convulsion groups were significantly lower than that of two control groups(P<0.05). Conclusion:Penicillin induced recurrent convulsion could cause long-term effects on learning and memory in rats,which may be associated with down-regulated GluR2 expression in hippocampus.Physical exercises could improve learning capacity,of convulsion rats but not memory capacity.

Objective To explore the effects of physical exercises on recurrent seizures-induced long-term learning and memory deficits and on the expression of zinc transporter-3(ZnT-3)in hippocampuses of developmental period rats.Methods Sprague-Dawley rats aged 21 d were randomly divided into blank control group,exercises control group,seizure group and seizure plus exercises group.Abdominal cavity injections of penicillin or saline were used to induce recurrent seizure or as a control in the corresponding groups.During the postnatal(P)39-44 d and P61-65 d periods,Morris water-maze tests were administered to evaluate spatial learning and memory capacity.During the P48-53 d period,the rats in exercises control and seizure plus exercises groups were subjected to a 30-min daily aerobic exercises program for 6 d.The real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)method was used to detect the expression of ZuT-3 mRNA in hippocampuses of all rats at P66 d. Results Searching strategy:There was a decreasing incidence of marginal strategy and an increasing trend in the use of taxis and straight line strategy in all four groups.The scores on d 1 and 4 were significantly higher in two control groups than in two seizure groups in water-maze test(all P＜0.05).By d 2 the exercises control and seizure plus exercises groups were scoring significantly higher than the bland control and seizure groups(P＜0.05).Memory test:The frequency of passing through the platform quadrant decreased significantly in the two seizure groups compared to the two control groups in both probe tests(all P＜0.05).RT-PCR test:ZnT-3 mRNA expressions in hippocampuses were significantly higher in seizure plus exercises group than in any other groups. Conclusions Penicillin-induced recurrent seizures can induce long-term damage on learning and memory capacity in developmerital period rats.Physical exercises can improve learning capacity.It's mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of ZnT-3 expression in hippocampus of rats.

OBJECTIVETo identify two novel HLA alleles HLA-B*9536 and B*4612, in an individual.

METHODSDNA was extracted from whole blood by Invitrogen DNA extraction kit. The amplification for HLA-B exons 2-4 of the proband was performed separately with allele group specific primers and the PCR products were directly sequenced for exons 2-4 in both direction.

RESULTSThere were two novel HLA-B alleles in the proband. The sequences of the two alleles have been submitted to GenBank (EU081878 and EU081879). The two alleles have been officially named as B*9536 and B*4612 by the WHO Nomenclature Committee. The sequence of exons 2-4 of HLA-B*9536 showed one nucleotide difference in exon 3 at position 544 (G to A) comparing with the closest allele B*1505, which resulted in an amino acid change from Ala to Thr at codon 158. In the HLA-B*4612 allele, there was one nucleotide change in exon 3 at position 363 (G to A), when compared to the closest allele B*4601, which lead to an amino acid change from Arg to Ser at codon 97.

CONCLUSIONTwo novel HLA-B alleles were identified in one individual and have been officially named by the WHO Nomenclature Committee.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; HLA-B Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-B15 Antigen ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data

Institute of Pediatric,Suzhou University Affiliated Children's Hospital,Suzhou 215003,China Objective To explore the long-term effects of physical exercise on neonatal seizure-induced learning,memory deficit and the expression of zinc transporter-3(ZnT3)in rat hippocampus.Methods Sprague Dawlev rats aged 6 days were randomly divided into a recurrent-seizure group(RS)and a control group. At postnatal dav 6(P6),the recurrent seizures were induced by inhalation of the volatile agent flurothyl once a day for consecu tive 6 davs.The rats in the control group were placed in the container for an equal period of time as those in the RS group without exposure to flurothyl. Y-maze test was performed to evaluate learning and memory capacity at postnatal day 29 to 35 and 61 to 67,respectively.During the period of postnatal day 51 to 56,all the animals in the RS andcontrol groups were subject to a 30-minute daily aerobic exercise program for consecutive 6 days.All the animals weresacrificed at postnatal day 78,and the in situ hybridization method was used to detect the expression of ZnT3 mRNA in hippocampus. Results ①The number of trials needed for getting correct response to the electric stimulation in the first Y-maze test was(60±14.1)and(37.5±17.2)for the RS and control groups,respectively(P＜0.05),while that in the second Y-maze test carried out 24 hours later was(27.5±14.1)and(21±11.01)for the RS and the control groups,respectively(P＞0.05).②Memory test revealed no significant difference between the RS and thecontrol groups(P＞0.05).③In situ hybridization detection showed that the expression of ZnT3 mRNA in hippocam pus was not significantly different between the two groups.However,there showed a significant difference between the dentate gyrus and CA3 in the RS group with regard to the expression of ZnT3 mRNA(P＜0.05). Conclusions Physical exercise improves the learning capacity of neonatal seizure-induced cognitive deficit and might have effects on the regulation of zinc transporter gene expressions in hippocampus.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of acupuncture in ataxia children with cerebral palsy. Methods40 patients were divided into 2 groups, treatment group and control group. Patients in the control group were treated with routine rehabilitation, while those in the treatment group received acupuncture in addition. All patients were assessed with balance function before and after treatment.ResultsThere was a significant difference (P<0.05) of balance function between the treatment group and the control group after treatment. ConclusionThe acupuncture in addition to the conventional therapy improved significantly balance function of ataxia children with cerebral palsy.

Despite the clinical and experimental concerns about the deleterious effects of neonatal seizures on brain development,the underlying mechanism of seizure-induced brain damage is still not clear.Moreover,early therapeutic intervention studies are also less available.For this reason,the study was performed to explore the long-term effects of neonatal seizures and physical exercise on learning,memory and the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ).Twelve neonatal rats for each group were assigned:the single-seizure group(SS),the recurrent-seizure group(RS) and the control group.The volatile agent flurothyl was used to induce 30 min seizure attack.At postnatal day 6(P6),the single seizures induced only once and recurrent seizures induced once per day for consecutive 6 days.Control rats were placed into the container for an equal amount of time to their counterpart without exposure to flurothyl.Morris water-maze test were performed at P27～P31,P58～P61 and P80～P82,meanwhile at P51～P56,the RS and SS groups were submitted to forced running exercise.In situ hybridization method was used to detect the expression of CaMKⅡ mRNA in hippocampus.The results are as follows:(1) Escape latency.In the first two Morris water-maze tests,there was a decreasing trend of escape latency in three groups,and the escape latency of RS group was much longer than that of control group.After physical exercise,in the last Morris water-maze tests,the diference of escape latency in three groups is not significant.(2) Searching strategy.In the first Morris water-maze test,there was a decreasing trend of marginal strategy and an increasing trend of taxis strategy in three groups,but the frequency of marginal strategy was higher and the frequency of taxis strategy was lower in RS group than that in SS and control group in the third and fourth day(P