Objective:To evaluate the role of the CC chemokine ligand 2/CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCL2/CCR2) signaling pathway in electroacupuncture (EA)-induced reduction of spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.Methods:Sixty clean-grade healthy adult female Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 210-250 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S), group SCI, SCI+ Anti-CCL2 group (group SCI+ A), SCI+ EA group (group SCI+ EA), and spinal cord injury+ EA+ rCCL2 group (group SCI+ EA+ R). The SCI model was established using the Allen method in anesthetized animals. Group S only underwent spinous process and laminectomy without damaging the spinal cord. In SCI+ A group, CCL2 neutralizing antibody 50 μg/kg was intrathecally injected at 0, 3 and 6 days after successful development of the SCI model. On the 7th day after the successful development of the SCI model, Jiaji, Dazhui and Mingmen acupoints were stimulated with a depth of 2 mm, voltage of 12-15 mV and frequency of 2 Hz for 30 min once a day for 7 consecutive days in SCI+ EA group. In SCI+ EA+ R group, recombinant rat CCL2 2.5 μg/kg was intrathecally injected at the site of injury at 0, 3 and 6 days after successful development of the SCI model, and the remaining treatments were similar to those in SCI+ EA group. At 1 day before developing the model, 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after developing the model, the mechanical paw withdraw threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured, and the motor function was assessed by BBB score. The rats were sacrificed after the final behavioral testing, and their spinal cord tissues were obtained for determination of the expression of CCL2 and CCR2 protein and mRNA (by Western blot or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction), the expression of GFAP (by immunofluorescence), contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and for examination of the pathological changes (using HE staining). Results:Compared with S group, the MWT and BBB scores were significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at each time point after developing the model, the expression of CCL2 and CCR2 protein and mRNA and GFAP was up-regulated, and the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were increased in SCI group ( P<0.05). Compared with SCI group, the MWT and BBB scores were significantly increased, and the TWL was prolonged at 7 days after developing the model in SCI+ A group, the MWT and BBB scores were significantly increased, and the TWL was prolonged at 14 days after developing the model in SCI+ EA group, and the expression of CCL2 and CCR2 protein and mRNA and GFAP was significantly down-regulated, and the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased in SCI+ A and SCI+ EA groups ( P<0.05). Compared with SCI+ EA group, the MWT and BBB scores were significantly decreased at 14 days after developing the model, the TWL was shortened, the expression of CCL2 and CCR2 protein and mRNA and GFAP was up-regulated, and the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were increased in SCI+ EA+ R group ( P<0.05). Compared with SCI+ A and SCI+ EA groups, the histopathological injury were significantly attenuated in SCI group, and the histopathological injury was aggravated in SCI+ EA+ R group. Conclusions:The CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway is involved in the process by which EA reduces SCI, and the mechanism is related to the inhibition of astrocyte activation, thereby reducing the inflammatory response.

Objective:To evaluate the role of the CC chemokine ligand 2/CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCL2/CCR2) signaling pathway in electroacupuncture (EA)-induced reduction of spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.Methods:Sixty clean-grade healthy adult female Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 210-250 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S), group SCI, SCI+ Anti-CCL2 group (group SCI+ A), SCI+ EA group (group SCI+ EA), and spinal cord injury+ EA+ rCCL2 group (group SCI+ EA+ R). The SCI model was established using the Allen method in anesthetized animals. Group S only underwent spinous process and laminectomy without damaging the spinal cord. In SCI+ A group, CCL2 neutralizing antibody 50 μg/kg was intrathecally injected at 0, 3 and 6 days after successful development of the SCI model. On the 7th day after the successful development of the SCI model, Jiaji, Dazhui and Mingmen acupoints were stimulated with a depth of 2 mm, voltage of 12-15 mV and frequency of 2 Hz for 30 min once a day for 7 consecutive days in SCI+ EA group. In SCI+ EA+ R group, recombinant rat CCL2 2.5 μg/kg was intrathecally injected at the site of injury at 0, 3 and 6 days after successful development of the SCI model, and the remaining treatments were similar to those in SCI+ EA group. At 1 day before developing the model, 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after developing the model, the mechanical paw withdraw threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured, and the motor function was assessed by BBB score. The rats were sacrificed after the final behavioral testing, and their spinal cord tissues were obtained for determination of the expression of CCL2 and CCR2 protein and mRNA (by Western blot or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction), the expression of GFAP (by immunofluorescence), contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and for examination of the pathological changes (using HE staining). Results:Compared with S group, the MWT and BBB scores were significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at each time point after developing the model, the expression of CCL2 and CCR2 protein and mRNA and GFAP was up-regulated, and the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were increased in SCI group ( P<0.05). Compared with SCI group, the MWT and BBB scores were significantly increased, and the TWL was prolonged at 7 days after developing the model in SCI+ A group, the MWT and BBB scores were significantly increased, and the TWL was prolonged at 14 days after developing the model in SCI+ EA group, and the expression of CCL2 and CCR2 protein and mRNA and GFAP was significantly down-regulated, and the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased in SCI+ A and SCI+ EA groups ( P<0.05). Compared with SCI+ EA group, the MWT and BBB scores were significantly decreased at 14 days after developing the model, the TWL was shortened, the expression of CCL2 and CCR2 protein and mRNA and GFAP was up-regulated, and the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were increased in SCI+ EA+ R group ( P<0.05). Compared with SCI+ A and SCI+ EA groups, the histopathological injury were significantly attenuated in SCI group, and the histopathological injury was aggravated in SCI+ EA+ R group. Conclusions:The CCL2/CCR2 signaling pathway is involved in the process by which EA reduces SCI, and the mechanism is related to the inhibition of astrocyte activation, thereby reducing the inflammatory response.

This study aimed to uncover underlying mechanisms and promising intervention targets of heart failure (HF)-related stroke. HF-related dataset GSE42955 and stroke-related dataset GSE58294 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to identify key modules and hub genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were performed on genes in the key modules. Genes in HF-and stroke-related key modules were intersected to obtain common genes for HF-related stroke, which were further intersected with hub genes of stroke-related key modules to obtain key genes in HF-related stroke. Key genes were functionally annotated through GO in the Reactome and Cytoscape databases. Finally, key genes were validated in these two datasets and other datasets. HF-and stroke-related datasets each identified two key modules. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that protein ubiquitination, Wnt signaling, and exosomes were involved in both HF-and stroke-related key modules. Additionally, ten hub genes were identified in stroke-related key modules and 155 genes were identified as common genes in HF-related stroke. OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity (OTULIN) and nuclear factor interleukin 3-regulated (NFIL3) were determined to be the key genes in HF-related stroke. Through functional annotation, OTULIN was involved in protein ubiquitination and Wnt signaling, and NFIL3 was involved in DNA binding and transcription. Importantly, OTULIN and NFIL3 were also validated to be differentially expressed in all HF and stroke groups. Protein ubiquitination, Wnt signaling, and exosomes were involved in HF-related stroke. OTULIN and NFIL3 may play a key role in HF-related stroke through regulating these processes, and thus serve as promising intervention targets.

Ojbective To predicte the HLAⅠrestricted CTL epitopes and B cell antigen epitopes derived from tumor antigen SCCAg. Methods The linear B cell epitopes and conformational B cell epitopes of tumor antigen SCCAg were predicted by Ellipro program. In addition, the HLAⅠrestricted CTL epitopes of SCCAg were predicted by NetCTL, Prot-Param and so on. Results B cell epitopes analysis revealed that SCCAg had 10 potential linear B cell epitopes and 5 conformational B cell epitopes; Combined with peptide HLAⅠbinding, proteasomal C - terminal cleavage and TAP transport efficiency, the NetCTL predicts that multiple HLAⅠrestricted CTL epitopes were present in the tumor antigen SCCAg. Conclusion The B cell epitopes and HLAⅠrestricted CTL epitopes can be predicted by multiple methods, which may lay the foundation for the further research on immunotherapy for targeting SCCAg.

The inflammatory reaction is the seventh major feature of the cancer, especially the neutrophils in the development and prognosis of lung cancer. This paper expounds the typing of neutrophils and their roles in the tumor microenvironment and the mechanism of regulating the growth, metastasis and angiogenesis of lung cancer through secreting various cytokines. The effects of peripheral blood neutrophils, ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte, and the infiltration of neutrophils into tumors on the prognosis of lung cancer were reviewed. It is suggested that neutrophils may play an important role in the occurrence, development and prognosis of lung cancer, leading to further understanding of the functions of these important immune cells in tumor microenvironment, which may provide new ideas for the studies on treatment and prognosis of lung cancer.

Whether in the world or China,lung cancer is a malignant tumor which is harmful to human health.There were studies showed that lung cancer is tightly related to the environment factors and life style.The epidemiology study found that eating more fruits and vegetables can prevent lung cancer.Vegetables and fruits are rich in phytochemicals such as isothiocyanates,indoles,flavonoids and so on.These phytochemicals reduce the risk of lung cancer by modulating antitumorrelated pathways such as inhibition of cell proliferation,induction of apoptosis,and the like.The aim of this review is to summarize the mechanisms of phytochemicals in vegetables and fruits in the pathogenesis and progression of lung cancer,so as to provide theoretical basis and direction for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.

Objective This thesis observes the effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medical nursing on the therapeutic effects of chronic sinusitis with nasal endoscopic surgery.Methods 106 patients with chronic sinusitis were randomly recruited into an observation group and a control group.The observation group was treated with traditional Chinese medicinal syndrome differentiation care besides conventional western medical care to observe the effectiveness.Resulls The therapeutic effectiveness and the degree of satisfaction about health education in the observation group was significant better than the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Integrated traditional Chinese and western medical care could improve the degree of satisfaction on patients with Chronic sinusitis and promote patients recovery from illness.