ObjectiveTo establish a reliable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mouse model based on a self-developed multichannel automatic control system for long-term continuous cigarette smoke exposure in small animals using a novel continuous cigarette smoke exposure method, and to conduct phenotypic evaluation and analysis, thereby providing an animal experimental basis for investigating COPD pathogenesis and prevention strategies. MethodsTwenty male C57BL/6J mice aged 6 weeks were randomly and equally divided into a control group and a model group. The model group (n=10) underwent 6 h of continuous cigarette smoke exposure daily (6 cigarettes per day for 12 consecutive weeks), while the control group (n=10) received no intervention. Body weight was monitored biweekly. Post-exposure, in vivo micro-CT imaging was performed. After euthanasia, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were quantified by ELISA. Lung tissues underwent H&E and Masson's trichrome staining to observe changes in lung morphology and inflammatory cell infiltration, and the mean linear intercept (MLI) was calculated, thereby comprehensively evaluating the clinical features of COPD in the mouse model. ResultsCompared with the control group, the model group showed significantly reduced body weight (P<0.01) from the fourth week. Compared with the control group, IL-6 level in the serum and BALF of the model group increased by 27.2% and 140.0%, respectively (P<0.01). TNF-α level in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the model group increased by 16.7% (P<0.01) and 19.3% (P<0.05), respectively. Histopathological examination revealed alveolar wall thinning, septal rupture, emphysematous bullae formation, reduced alveolar count, bronchial wall thickening with lumen narrowing, and inflammatory cell infiltration. MLI was significantly elevated (P<0.01). Masson's staining confirmed collagen deposition and bronchial remodeling. Micro-CT demonstrated localized high-density shadows exhibiting typical features of chronic bronchitis. Conclusion The self-developed device enables long-term continuous smoke exposure, and the successfully established COPD mouse model exhibits pathological features highly consistent with clinical manifestations, offering an efficient and reliable tool for COPD research.

Central positional nystagmus （CPN） is a form of positional nystagmus caused by lesions of the central vestibular system. Since the clinical manifestations and nystagmus features of CPN are highly similar with those of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo， the diagnosis of CPN is highly challenging. The etiology of CPN is complex， involving both structural lesions such as stroke and tumors and non-structural disorders such as vestibular migraine. The primary lesion sites of CPN included the cerebellar nodulus， the uvula， and the tonsil. CPN can be classified into paroxysmal （transient） CPN and persistent CPN. The clinical features of paroxysmal CPN （including latency， duration， direction， intensity， and their correlation with the type and speed of positional maneuvers） suggest that it originates from the semicircular canal， and its pathogenesis involves post-rotatory rebound nystagmus caused by the disinhibition of irregular afferent signals transmitted to the vestibular nuclei due to central damage （often involving the cerebellar nodulus and the uvula）. Persistent CPN may be caused by damage to the velocity storage pathway， resulting in an erroneous assessment of gravity direction and inertia. This article summarizes the latest advances in the etiology， lesion sites， pathogenesis， clinical features， differential diagnosis， and treatment of CPN in China and globally， in order to help clinicians better understand and identify CPN and thus achieve timely diagnosis and effective treatment.
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Space medicine,as a comprehensive discipline ensuring the safety,health,and efficient performance of astronauts during manned space missions,focuses on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of multi-system physiological effects induced by extreme space environments and developing corresponding protective strategies.With China's space program transitioning into an application and development phase,space medical experiments—a critical domain within space applications—face significant opportunities and challenges.This paper reviews the international development trend in the field of medical experiments and the progress in China from perspectives including platform system construction,utilization of novel technologies,and scientific discoveries.It further outlines the engineering framework,guiding ideology,and key research directions for space medical experiments under China's Space Station Application and Development Project.Deliberations and prospects center on the in-depth analysis of the adaptation law of life in space flight,the application of big data and artificial intelligence technology,the emerging challenges it faces,and the scientific research organization models.This work aims to provide a reference for the development of space medical experiment field in China.

Objective To investigate the influence of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 12(ADAM12),S100 calcium binding protein A8(S100A8),and serum tumor markers on chemotherapy outcomes and prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer.Methods A totla of 300 patients with breast cancer admitted between January 2020 and January 2021 were included.Based on pathological immunohistochemistry findings,the patients were divided into a triple-negative group(n=98,triple-negative breast cancer)and a non-triple-negative group(n=202,non-triple-negative breast cancer).Serum tumor markers(carcinoembryonic antigen[CEA]and carbohydrate antigen 125[CA125]),the levels of ADAM12 and S100A8,and tissue protein expression levels of ADAM12 and S100A8 were compared between the two groups.The relationship between the protein levels of ADAM12 and S100A8 in the cancer tissues and the clinicopathological characteristics of the triple-negative group was analyzed.Differences in the protein levels of ADAM12 and S100A8 between patients with different chemotherapy outcomes(remission vs.non-remission)and different follow-up outcomes(survival vs.death)were analyzed.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to examine the relationship between the protein levels of ADAM12 and S100A8 in cancer tissues and the prognosis.Results The protein expression levels of ADAM12 and S100A8 in cancer tissues from the triple-negative group were higher than those in the non-triple-negative group(P＜0.05).The protein expression levels of ADAM12 and S100A8 in cancer tissues were correlated with tumor diameter,histological grading,axillary lymph node metastasis,TNM staging,and differentiation degree in the triple-negative group(P＜0.05).The levels of CEA,CA125,ADAM12,and S100A8,as well as the protein expression levels of ADAM12 and S100A8 in cancer tissues in the non-remission group,were higher than those in the remission group(P＜0.05).Similarly,these markers were also significantly elevated in the death group compared to those in the survival group(P＜0.05).After 3 years of follow-up,the overall survival(OS)of patients with low ADAM12 expression was 36.0(8.0,36.0)months,while that of patients with high ADAM12 expression was 32.5(4.0,36.0)months,showing a statistically significant difference(log rank x2=12.913,P＜0.001).The OS of patients with low S100A8 expression was 36.0(7.0,36.0)months,while that of the high-expression group was 31.0(4.9,36.0)months,also showing a statistically significant difference(log rank x2=24.151,P＜0.001).Conclusion ADAM12 and S100A8 protein expression levels in triple-negative breast cancer tissues are higher than those in non-triple-negative breast cancer tissues.Serum tumor markers and ADAM12 and S100A8 protein expression levels(in both serum and tumor tissues)affect the chemotherapy outcomes and prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer patients,among which the expression levels of ADAM12 and S100A8 proteins in tumor tissues can serve as predictors of patient prognosis.

Objective To explore the characteristics of TCM syndromes in patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension and diabetes based on latent structure model.Methods A multi-center cross-sectional study was used to collect the four diagnostic information of patients with coronary heart disease by using the Four Diagnostic Collection Scales of TCM developed by our research group,and a clinical database was established.Combined with frequency analysis and expert opinions,the four diagnostic information was screened to construct a latent structure model.Results Totally 702 patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension and diabetes were collected.A total of 40 high-frequency four-diagnosis symptoms were screened,and 18 latent variables were obtained by latent structure model analysis.The model BIC score was-17 604.38.The latent variables in the model were comprehensively clustered,and it was found that the syndrome elements of disease location in patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension and diabetes were mainly heart,liver,kidney,etc.,and the syndrome elements of disease nature were mainly qi deficiency,yin deficiency,qi stagnation,phlegm turbidity,blood stasis,etc.The syndrome types were mainly phlegm and blood stasis syndrome,spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome,liver depression and qi stagnation syndrome,liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome,damp-heat intrinsic syndrome,and the mutual information and information coverage between each syndrome type and the four diagnostic information were suggested.Conclusion Latent structure model analysis can provide a qualitative and quantitative basis for the syndrome classification of patients with coronary heart disease complicated with hypertension and diabetes.

Objective:To analyze TCM tongue diagnosis related research on coronary heart disease (CHD) at home and abroad using the method of bibliometrics; To provide reference for further research on clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHD.Methods:Research literature about TCM tongue diagnosis for CHD was retrieved from CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from the establishment of the databases to December 31st, 2022. The key features of literature related to tongue diagnosis from CHD, including publication volume, region, institution, authors, and research hotspots, were analyzed using BICOMBS2.0, CiteSpace 6.1.R6, and Excel 2019 software.Results:Totally 364 Chinese articles and 5 English articles were included. Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the institution that published the most relevant research in Chinese, and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the institution that published the most relevant research in English. Professor Wang Yiqin of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine was the author with the largest number of publications in both Chinese and English, and the authors with the largest number of publications on Chinese research worked closely cooperate with each other. Chinese research focused on syndrome characteristics of CHD, objectification of tongue diagnosis and data mining based on the clinical experience of renowned TCM practitioners; the English research topic included modern data collection and analysis and expert consensus.Conclusions:The research team of tongue diagnosis for CHD in China has begun to take shape. There are few English articles on tongue diagnosis for CHD, and the development level is relatively lagging behind. In the future, different institutions and researchers need to strengthen international cooperation to enhance the international influence of TCM diagnostics.

Objective To study Chinese medicine consultation strategies to achieve rapid capture of key information about patients'conditions and to advance the development of objectification in Chinese medicine consultation.Methods A symptom questioning model based on frequent pattern mining algorithm in correlation analysis was used,and a cross-merging method was used to establish a TCM symptom questioning strategy between single-system symptom questioning and multi-system integrated symptom questioning in TCM,to achieve the shortest time and highest efficiency in capturing key information about the patient's condition.Results A breakthrough from single-system questioning to five-system integrated questioning was achieved,and the process of efficiently obtaining information about the patient's condition was achieved through both single-system and five-system symptom questioning modes,and the system was able to obtain 92%of the patient's symptom information with at most 65%fewer questions than the traditional scale questioning method,greatly improving the efficiency of obtaining information about the patient's symptoms.Conclusion With the two different symptom questioning modes,the traditional TCM questioning mode of asking patients based on scales is broken,the time to obtain symptoms from patients is shortened,the questioning process is simplified,and discrepancies due to inexperience or human subjectivity are reduced,which can be used in clinical aids to diagnosis in TCM.

Objective To clarify the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pattern and its associated risk factors after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),and evaluate the re-porting quality of existing studies to guide future research standardization. Methods English databases including PubMed,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science,as well as Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Scientific Journal Database(VIP),and Wanfang Database were searched to retrieve papers about PCI.The time span for the paper retrieval was set from the foundation of the databases to October 1,2023.Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12 and Python(V 3.9).The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology(STROBE)statement was used to assess the reporting quality of included studies. Results Overall,1 356 articles were selected,and 40 cross-sectional studies were included with 10 270 participants.The most common TCM patterns before,one to two weeks after,and six months to one year after PCI was Qi stagnation and blood stasis(n=261,36.45%),inter-twined phlegm and blood stasis(n=109,27.18%),and Qi deficiency and blood stasis(n=645,37.03%),respectively.Smoking[odds ratio(OR)=1.15,95%confidence interval(CI)(0.83-1.47),I2=24.7%,P=0.257],pattern of congealing cold and Qi stagnation[OR=4.62,95%CI(1.37-7.86),I2=61.6%,P=0.074],and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)[OR=1.38,95%CI(0.92-1.85),I2=12.2%,P=0.286]were risk factors for restenosis.Hypertension[OR=7.26,95%CI(3.54-14.88),I2=91.6%,P=0.001],and overweight[i.e.,body mass index(BMI)>23][OR=1.20,95%CI(1.07-1.35),I2=85.3%,P=0.009]were significant risk factors of concomi-tant anxiety. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that patients with different TCM pattern types have distinct characteristics and risk factors after PCI.More high-quality studies are warranted to provide supportive evidence for future research and clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the effects of microgravity environment on hibernating myoblasts.Methods Hibernating myoblasts were cultured under real and simulated microgravity conditions for 10 days.RNA-seq analysis and immunofluorescence are used to analysis the impact of microgravity environment on cell growth and gene expression of myoblasts.Results Under the microgravity conditions,genes associated with proliferation were upregulated.Under simulated microgravity,there were more and higher proportion of Ki67 positive cells compared to normal gravity conditions.Conclusion The microgravity environment promotes the proliferation of hibernating myoblasts.