Objective To investigate the effects of Phellinus baumii polyphenol(PBP)on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)and analyze the potential mechanism based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiments.Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),DrugBank,GeneCards,Comparative Toxicogenomics Database(CTD)and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)database were used to screen the active components of PBP and potential targets of PBP on HNSCC.The potential target interaction network was constructed using String database,and the core targets were screened by two-step topology analysis.Enrichment analysis of potential targets was performed using the DAVID database.Human HNSCC cell lines SCC-15 and SCC-25 were cultured in vitro using PBP intervention of 0,25,50 mg/L,respectively.The cell proliferation and colony formation ability were detected by cell counting reagent(CCK-8)and colony formation assay.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of PBP core target protein in 2 cell lines.Results A total of 280 targets were identified for 17 active components of PBP,264 of which were HNSCC-related genes.Two-step topology analysis showed that hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha(HIF1A),tumor protein p53(TP53),AKT serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),cyclin A2(CCNA2)and JUN proto-oncogene(JUN)were the core targets.The enrichment results suggested that PBP may play a role in HNSCC through various pathways.In vitro experiment results showed that with the increase of PBP intervention concentration,the proliferation ability and colony formation ability of SCC-15 and SCC-25 cells were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),while the protein expression levels of STAT3,AKT1 and CCNA2 were decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion PBP can inhibit the progression of HNSCC by multi-target and multi-pathway.

Objective To evaluate the brain injury in children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)after surgery through examination methods such as amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram(aEEG),regional cerebral oxygen saturation(rSO2)and neonatal behavioral neurological assessment(NBNA),so as to clarify their diagnostic value.Methods A total of 83 full-term CDH children admitted to our hospital were retrospectively enrolled as the research subjects.According to the brain damage syndrome(BDS)diagnostic criteria,they were divided into brain injury group(n=36)and control group(n=47).We compared the general data of the neonates in the two groups,as well as the modified aEEG scores and rSO2 at admission,14 days after birth,and 28 days after birth.We compared the NBNA scores at 28 days after birth.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of the three tools for brain injury.Results The modified aEEG scores of the children in the brain injury group at each time point were lower than those in the control group.The rSO2 of the children in the brain injury group was lower than that in the control group at 14 days and 28 days after birth and recovered slowly.The NBNA scores also indicated that the neurodevelopment of the children in the brain injury group was significantly lower than that in the control group.The ROC curve showed that the areas under the curve of combined diagnosis exhibited the best diagnostic efficacy compared with rSO2 used alone at 28 days after birth,aEEG at 28 days after birth,and NBNA scores(the area under the curve:0.968 vs.0.701 vs.0.685 vs.0.870;sensitivity:92.0％ vs.53.7％ vs.87.8％ vs.95.1％;specificity:97.0％ vs.86.1％ vs.50.0％ vs.72.2％).Conclusion The combined application of the modified aEEG score,rSO2,and NBNA has high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of brain injury in children with CDH;therefore,it is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective To understand the changing composition and antibiotic resistance of bacterial species in the clinical isolates from outpatient and emergency department(hereinafter referred to as outpatients)and inpatient children over time in various hospitals,and to provide laboratory evidence for rational antibiotic use.Methods The data on clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from outpatients and inpatient children in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021 were collected and analyzed.Results A total of 278 471 isolates were isolated from pediatric patients in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.About 17.1％of the strains were isolated from outpatients,primarily group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus,Escherichia coli,and Staphylococcus aureus.Most of the strains(82.9％)were isolated from inpatients,mainly SS.aureus,E.coli,and H.influenzae.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)in outpatients(24.5％)was lower than that in inpatient children(31.5％).The MRSA isolates from outpatients showed lower resistance rates to the antibiotics tested than the strains isolated from inpatient children.The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis or E.faecium and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae was low in either outpatients or inpatient children.S.pneumoniae,β-hemolytic Streptococcus and S.viridans showed high resistance rates to erythromycin.The prevalence of erythromycin-resistant group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus was higher in outpatients than that in inpatient children.The prevalence of β-lactamase-producing H.influenzae showed an overall upward trend in children,but lower in outpatients(45.1％)than in inpatient children(59.4％).The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKpn),carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPae)and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAba)was 14％,11.7％,47.8％in outpatients,but 24.2％,20.6％,and 52.8％in inpatient children,respectively.The prevalence of multidrug-resistant E.coli,K.pneumoniae,Proteus mirabilis,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii strains was lower in outpatients than in inpatient children.The prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E.coli,ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae,ESBLs-producing P.mirabilis,carbapenem-resistant E.coli(CREco),CRKpn,and CRPae was lower in children in outpatients than in inpatient children,but the prevalence of CRAba in 2021 was higher than in inpatient children.Conclusions The distribution of clinical isolates from children is different between outpatients and inpatients.The prevalence of MRSA,ESBL,and CRO was higher in inpatient children than in outpatients.Antibiotics should be used rationally in clinical practice based on etiological diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility test results.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance and prevention and control of hospital infections are crucial to curbing bacterial resistance.

Objective To investigate the changing antibiotic resistance profiles of E.coli isolated from patients in the 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested for clinical isolates of E.coli according to the unified protocol of CHINET program.WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 20.0 software were used for data analysis.Results Atotal of 289 760 nonduplicate clinical strains ofE.coli were isolated from 2015 to 2021,mainly from urine samples(44.7±3.2)％.The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from urine samples was higher in females than in males(59.0％vs 29.5％).The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from respiratory tract and cerebrospinal fluid samples was significantly higher in children than in adults(16.7％vs 7.8％,0.8％vs 0.1％,both P＜0.05).The isolates from internal medicine department accounted for the largest proportion(28.9±2.8)％with an increasing trend over years.Overall,the prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli and carbapenem resistant E.coli(CREco)was 55.9％and 1.8％,respectively during the 7-year period.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli was the highest in tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021 compared to secondary hospitals.The prevalence of CREco was higher in children's hospitals compared to secondary and tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli in tertiary hospitals and children's hospitals and the prevalence of CREco in children's hospitals showed a decreasing trend over the 7-year period.The prevalence of CREco in secondary and tertiary hospitals increased slowly.Antibiotic resistance rates changed slowly from 2015 to 2021.Carbapenem drugs(imipenem,meropenem)were the most active drugs amongβ-lactams against E.coli(resistance rate≤2.1％).The resistance rates of E.coli to β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitor combinations(piperacillin-tazobactam,cefoperazone-sulbactam),aminoglycosides(amikacin),nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin(for urinary isolates only)were all less than 10％.The resistance rate of E.coli strains to antibiotics varied with the level of hospitals and the departments where the strains were isolated,especially for cefazolin and ciprofloxacin,to which the resistance rate of E.coli strains from children in non-ICU departments was significantly lower than that of the strains isolated from other departments(P＜0.05).The E.coli isolates from ICU showed higher resistance rate to most antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline)than the strains isolated from other departments.The E.coli strains isolated from tertiary hospitals showed higher resistance rates to the antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline,polymyxin B,cefepime and carbapenems)than the strains from secondary hospitals and children's hospitals.Conclusions E.coli is an important pathogen causing clinical infection.More than half of the clinical isolates produced ESBL.The prevalence of CREco is increasing in secondary and tertiary hospitals over the 7-year period even though the overall prevalence is still low.This is an issue of concern.

Objective To investigate the effects of Phellinus baumii polyphenol(PBP)on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)and analyze the potential mechanism based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiments.Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),DrugBank,GeneCards,Comparative Toxicogenomics Database(CTD)and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)database were used to screen the active components of PBP and potential targets of PBP on HNSCC.The potential target interaction network was constructed using String database,and the core targets were screened by two-step topology analysis.Enrichment analysis of potential targets was performed using the DAVID database.Human HNSCC cell lines SCC-15 and SCC-25 were cultured in vitro using PBP intervention of 0,25,50 mg/L,respectively.The cell proliferation and colony formation ability were detected by cell counting reagent(CCK-8)and colony formation assay.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of PBP core target protein in 2 cell lines.Results A total of 280 targets were identified for 17 active components of PBP,264 of which were HNSCC-related genes.Two-step topology analysis showed that hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha(HIF1A),tumor protein p53(TP53),AKT serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),cyclin A2(CCNA2)and JUN proto-oncogene(JUN)were the core targets.The enrichment results suggested that PBP may play a role in HNSCC through various pathways.In vitro experiment results showed that with the increase of PBP intervention concentration,the proliferation ability and colony formation ability of SCC-15 and SCC-25 cells were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),while the protein expression levels of STAT3,AKT1 and CCNA2 were decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion PBP can inhibit the progression of HNSCC by multi-target and multi-pathway.

Objective To evaluate the brain injury in children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)after surgery through examination methods such as amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram(aEEG),regional cerebral oxygen saturation(rSO2)and neonatal behavioral neurological assessment(NBNA),so as to clarify their diagnostic value.Methods A total of 83 full-term CDH children admitted to our hospital were retrospectively enrolled as the research subjects.According to the brain damage syndrome(BDS)diagnostic criteria,they were divided into brain injury group(n=36)and control group(n=47).We compared the general data of the neonates in the two groups,as well as the modified aEEG scores and rSO2 at admission,14 days after birth,and 28 days after birth.We compared the NBNA scores at 28 days after birth.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of the three tools for brain injury.Results The modified aEEG scores of the children in the brain injury group at each time point were lower than those in the control group.The rSO2 of the children in the brain injury group was lower than that in the control group at 14 days and 28 days after birth and recovered slowly.The NBNA scores also indicated that the neurodevelopment of the children in the brain injury group was significantly lower than that in the control group.The ROC curve showed that the areas under the curve of combined diagnosis exhibited the best diagnostic efficacy compared with rSO2 used alone at 28 days after birth,aEEG at 28 days after birth,and NBNA scores(the area under the curve:0.968 vs.0.701 vs.0.685 vs.0.870;sensitivity:92.0％ vs.53.7％ vs.87.8％ vs.95.1％;specificity:97.0％ vs.86.1％ vs.50.0％ vs.72.2％).Conclusion The combined application of the modified aEEG score,rSO2,and NBNA has high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of brain injury in children with CDH;therefore,it is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective To understand the changing composition and antibiotic resistance of bacterial species in the clinical isolates from outpatient and emergency department(hereinafter referred to as outpatients)and inpatient children over time in various hospitals,and to provide laboratory evidence for rational antibiotic use.Methods The data on clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from outpatients and inpatient children in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021 were collected and analyzed.Results A total of 278 471 isolates were isolated from pediatric patients in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.About 17.1％of the strains were isolated from outpatients,primarily group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus,Escherichia coli,and Staphylococcus aureus.Most of the strains(82.9％)were isolated from inpatients,mainly SS.aureus,E.coli,and H.influenzae.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)in outpatients(24.5％)was lower than that in inpatient children(31.5％).The MRSA isolates from outpatients showed lower resistance rates to the antibiotics tested than the strains isolated from inpatient children.The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis or E.faecium and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae was low in either outpatients or inpatient children.S.pneumoniae,β-hemolytic Streptococcus and S.viridans showed high resistance rates to erythromycin.The prevalence of erythromycin-resistant group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus was higher in outpatients than that in inpatient children.The prevalence of β-lactamase-producing H.influenzae showed an overall upward trend in children,but lower in outpatients(45.1％)than in inpatient children(59.4％).The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKpn),carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPae)and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAba)was 14％,11.7％,47.8％in outpatients,but 24.2％,20.6％,and 52.8％in inpatient children,respectively.The prevalence of multidrug-resistant E.coli,K.pneumoniae,Proteus mirabilis,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii strains was lower in outpatients than in inpatient children.The prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E.coli,ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae,ESBLs-producing P.mirabilis,carbapenem-resistant E.coli(CREco),CRKpn,and CRPae was lower in children in outpatients than in inpatient children,but the prevalence of CRAba in 2021 was higher than in inpatient children.Conclusions The distribution of clinical isolates from children is different between outpatients and inpatients.The prevalence of MRSA,ESBL,and CRO was higher in inpatient children than in outpatients.Antibiotics should be used rationally in clinical practice based on etiological diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility test results.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance and prevention and control of hospital infections are crucial to curbing bacterial resistance.

Objective To investigate the changing antibiotic resistance profiles of E.coli isolated from patients in the 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested for clinical isolates of E.coli according to the unified protocol of CHINET program.WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 20.0 software were used for data analysis.Results Atotal of 289 760 nonduplicate clinical strains ofE.coli were isolated from 2015 to 2021,mainly from urine samples(44.7±3.2)％.The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from urine samples was higher in females than in males(59.0％vs 29.5％).The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from respiratory tract and cerebrospinal fluid samples was significantly higher in children than in adults(16.7％vs 7.8％,0.8％vs 0.1％,both P＜0.05).The isolates from internal medicine department accounted for the largest proportion(28.9±2.8)％with an increasing trend over years.Overall,the prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli and carbapenem resistant E.coli(CREco)was 55.9％and 1.8％,respectively during the 7-year period.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli was the highest in tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021 compared to secondary hospitals.The prevalence of CREco was higher in children's hospitals compared to secondary and tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli in tertiary hospitals and children's hospitals and the prevalence of CREco in children's hospitals showed a decreasing trend over the 7-year period.The prevalence of CREco in secondary and tertiary hospitals increased slowly.Antibiotic resistance rates changed slowly from 2015 to 2021.Carbapenem drugs(imipenem,meropenem)were the most active drugs amongβ-lactams against E.coli(resistance rate≤2.1％).The resistance rates of E.coli to β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitor combinations(piperacillin-tazobactam,cefoperazone-sulbactam),aminoglycosides(amikacin),nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin(for urinary isolates only)were all less than 10％.The resistance rate of E.coli strains to antibiotics varied with the level of hospitals and the departments where the strains were isolated,especially for cefazolin and ciprofloxacin,to which the resistance rate of E.coli strains from children in non-ICU departments was significantly lower than that of the strains isolated from other departments(P＜0.05).The E.coli isolates from ICU showed higher resistance rate to most antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline)than the strains isolated from other departments.The E.coli strains isolated from tertiary hospitals showed higher resistance rates to the antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline,polymyxin B,cefepime and carbapenems)than the strains from secondary hospitals and children's hospitals.Conclusions E.coli is an important pathogen causing clinical infection.More than half of the clinical isolates produced ESBL.The prevalence of CREco is increasing in secondary and tertiary hospitals over the 7-year period even though the overall prevalence is still low.This is an issue of concern.

Background and objective Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence rate and the heaviest disease burden in China.In recent years,lung cancer has shown a high incidence trend,seriously affecting the health of the population.In this paper,we analyze the characteristics of lung cancer incidence in 2019 and the trend of incidence rate from 2010-2019 in the tumor registration area of Gansu province,in order to provide a reference basis for the development of lung cancer prevention and control strategies in Gansu province.Methods By analyzing the cases of lung cancer incidence in the tumor registration area of Gansu province in 2019,we calculated the incidence rate,medium incidence rate,world in-cidence rate and other related indexes;we used Joinpoint to calculate the annual percentage change(APC)for trend analysis.Results In 2019,a total of 3757 new cases of lung cancer were reported in Gansu province,accounting for 14.96%of all new malignant tumors.The incidence rate,medium incidence rate and world incidence rate and world rate of lung cancer were 40.52/105,25.78/105,25.86/105;and the cumulative rate of 0-74 years old,and the truncation rate of 35-64 years old were 3.23%,40.03/105,respectively.The incidence of lung cancer rises with age,and is high in the age group of 40 years and above,and the incidence peaks in the male and female populations in the group of 75 years and above,and the group of 80 years and above,respectively.The crude incidence rate of lung cancer in the tumor registration area of Gansu province from 2010-2019 showed an overall increasing trend,and the rate of increase was relatively fast,with an APC 5.39%(P<0.05);Separately,accord-ing to gender,urban and rural areas,the incidence of lung cancer in all populations showed an increasing trend,and the APC of male,female,urban and rural populations were 4.98%,6.39%,6.26%,and 4.64%,respectively(all P<0.05).According to the trend analysis of lung cancer incidence rate by age group,only lung cancer incidence in the age group of 65 years and above increased at an annual average rate of 4.15%(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence rate of lung cancer in the tumor registration area of Gansu province from 2010 to 2019 shows a rising trend year by year,and there are differences in the incidence of lung cancer in people of different genders,regions and age groups,so comprehensive prevention and control work should be carried out for the key populations of lung cancer incidence.