This paper reports a case of a rare patient with inherited thrombophilia leading to mesenteric venous thrombosis and secondary small bowel obstruction. The diagnosis of the patient was confirmed through multidisciplinary team collaboration, and the intestinal obstruction was finally relieved through small bowel endoscopic treatment and surgical treatment. This paper also discusses the differential diagnosis and treatment of small bowel stricture lesions for peer reference.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics and incidence trend of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Jinshan District, Shanghai, and to provide data support for the prevention and control of HFMD． Methods Case information and etiological data of HFMD in Jinshan District from 2018 to 2023 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, spatial and population distribution of HFMD cases and their etiological composition and changes. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was established to predict the incidence trend of HFMD in 2024. Results From 2018 to 2023, a total of 5,979 cases of HFMD were reported in Jinshan District, with an average annual incidence rate of 123.00/100,000. There were no reports of severe cases or deaths. The incidence of HFMD showed unimodal distribution in 2018 and 2023, bimodal distribution in 2019, and there was no obvious peaks in 2020—2022. The town with the highest average annual incidence rate was Jinshanwei Town, and the town with the lowest average annual incidence rate was Fengjing Town. The male-to-female ratio of the cases was 1.42:1. Most of the cases were under 5 years old, and scattered children were the most common occupation. CVA6 was the predominant pathogen, but EV-A71 was not detected. The optimal fitting prediction model was SARIMAX (2, 0, 0) × (1, 0, 0, 12), and the model predicted a trend of decline after rising first in the incidence of HFMD in Jinshan District in 2024. Conclusion There are obvious temporal, spatial and population differences in HFMD incidence in Jinshan District, and the dominant pathogen of HFMD is CVA6. Prediction data can be used to further strengthen epidemic monitoring, timely detect new variants, and provide the basis for timely adjustment of prevention and control measures of HFMD.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Yisui Shengxue Decoction on the regulation of Notch signaling pathway on bone marrow hematopoiesis in mice with aplastic anemia(AA).Methods:A total of 60 CByB6F1 mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group,positive control cyclosporine(CsA)group,low-dose(YSSX-L)group and high-dose(YSSX-H)group of Chinese herbal compound Yisui Shengxue Decoction,with 12 mice in each group.Except for the blank group,the mice in each group were given 5 Gy X-ray irradiation combined with tail vein infusion of lymphocytes to establish the immune-mediated AA mouse model.The low and high dose groups were given 8.6 and 17.2 g/(kg?d)of Yisui Shengxue Decoction by gavage,the model group and the blank group were given equal volume of saline by gavage,and the positive control group was given 25 mg/(kg?d)of cyclosporine by ga-vage for 14 days.The mice were tested for white blood cell count(WBC),red blood cell count(RBC),hemoglobin(Hb),platelet count(PLT)and bone marrow nucleated cell count in peripheral blood,bone marrow pathological changes and the levels of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-5 in peripheral serum,and T-lymphocyte transcription factors T-bet,GATA3,RORγt,FOXP3 mRNA and protein in spleen tissues,as well as the expression levels of Notch signaling pathway-related genes and protein in spleen tissues.Results:Compared with the blank group,the peripheral blood WBC,RBC,Hb,PLT,bone marrow nucleated cell count,expressions of serum IL-4,IL-5 and spleen tissue GATA3,FOXP3 mRNA and protein were significantly lower in the model group(P<0.01),and the expressions of serum IFN-γ,spleen tissue T-bet,RORγt mRNA and protein,and Notch1,Jagged1,DLL4 mRNA and protein were significantly in-creased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,peripheral blood WBC,RBC,Hb,PLT,bone marrow nucleated cell count,ex-pressions of serum IL-4,IL-5 and spleen tissue GATA3,FOXP3 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in each intervention group(P<0.05),and the expression of serum IFN-γ and spleen tissue T-bet,RORγt mRNA and protein as well as Notch1,Jagged1,DLL4 mRNA and protein were significantly reduced(P<0.05).Conclusion:Yisui Shengxue Decoction can improve bone marrow he-matopoietic function and regulate immune disorders in AA mice,and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of Notch signaling pathway.

This paper reports a case of a rare patient with inherited thrombophilia leading to mesenteric venous thrombosis and secondary small bowel obstruction. The diagnosis of the patient was confirmed through multidisciplinary team collaboration, and the intestinal obstruction was finally relieved through small bowel endoscopic treatment and surgical treatment. This paper also discusses the differential diagnosis and treatment of small bowel stricture lesions for peer reference.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Yisui Shengxue Decoction on the regulation of Notch signaling pathway on bone marrow hematopoiesis in mice with aplastic anemia(AA).Methods:A total of 60 CByB6F1 mice were randomly divided into blank group,model group,positive control cyclosporine(CsA)group,low-dose(YSSX-L)group and high-dose(YSSX-H)group of Chinese herbal compound Yisui Shengxue Decoction,with 12 mice in each group.Except for the blank group,the mice in each group were given 5 Gy X-ray irradiation combined with tail vein infusion of lymphocytes to establish the immune-mediated AA mouse model.The low and high dose groups were given 8.6 and 17.2 g/(kg?d)of Yisui Shengxue Decoction by gavage,the model group and the blank group were given equal volume of saline by gavage,and the positive control group was given 25 mg/(kg?d)of cyclosporine by ga-vage for 14 days.The mice were tested for white blood cell count(WBC),red blood cell count(RBC),hemoglobin(Hb),platelet count(PLT)and bone marrow nucleated cell count in peripheral blood,bone marrow pathological changes and the levels of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-5 in peripheral serum,and T-lymphocyte transcription factors T-bet,GATA3,RORγt,FOXP3 mRNA and protein in spleen tissues,as well as the expression levels of Notch signaling pathway-related genes and protein in spleen tissues.Results:Compared with the blank group,the peripheral blood WBC,RBC,Hb,PLT,bone marrow nucleated cell count,expressions of serum IL-4,IL-5 and spleen tissue GATA3,FOXP3 mRNA and protein were significantly lower in the model group(P<0.01),and the expressions of serum IFN-γ,spleen tissue T-bet,RORγt mRNA and protein,and Notch1,Jagged1,DLL4 mRNA and protein were significantly in-creased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,peripheral blood WBC,RBC,Hb,PLT,bone marrow nucleated cell count,ex-pressions of serum IL-4,IL-5 and spleen tissue GATA3,FOXP3 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in each intervention group(P<0.05),and the expression of serum IFN-γ and spleen tissue T-bet,RORγt mRNA and protein as well as Notch1,Jagged1,DLL4 mRNA and protein were significantly reduced(P<0.05).Conclusion:Yisui Shengxue Decoction can improve bone marrow he-matopoietic function and regulate immune disorders in AA mice,and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of Notch signaling pathway.

Objective To provide reference for the optimization and improvement of interoperability between the standard system of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other standards.Methods The interoperability of various pharmacopoeia standard systems was compared by searching for citations from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the United States Pharmacopoeia-National Formulary,the European Pharmacopoeia,the Japanese Pharmacopoeia,and other standards,including references to domestic regulations and guidelines,standards of the International Organization for Standardization,guidelines from the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use,documents of the World Health Organization,and standards from other countries and international organizations.Results In recent years,pharmacopoeias in the world had continuously increased the citation of non pharmacopoeial standards.The types,quantities,and fields of the United States Pharmacopoeia-National Formulary referencing other standards far exceed those of other pharmacopoeias.The Chinese Pharmacopoeia cites the least number of other standards.Conclusion It is suggested that the Chinese Pharmacopoeia should enhance the interoperability with other standard systems in the standards of various professional fields,enhance the openness,harmonization and advantages,and form a more complete standard system.

Objective:To investigate the independent and combined effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring genetic susceptibility on overall cancer mortality.Methods:Based on the United Kingdom Biobank ( n=419 228) data, the Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring overall cancer (including 16 cancers in men and 18 in women) mortality and its combined effect and interaction with offspring genetic factors. Results:Maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with a 13% increased risk of overall cancer mortality in men [hazard ratio( HR)=1.13, 95% CI: 1.06-1.20] and 19% increased risk in women ( HR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.11-1.27). Participants with high genetic risk had the highest overall cancer mortality than those with low genetic risk (men: HR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.30-1.55; women: HR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.25-1.52). Compared with participants without maternal smoking during pregnancy and low genetic risk, those with maternal smoking during pregnancy and high genetic risk were associated with a 56% increased risk of overall cancer mortality in men ( HR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.37-1.77) and 59% in women ( HR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.39-1.83). Conclusion:Maternal smoking during pregnancy may increase offspring overall cancer mortality and more severe harm in individuals with high genetic risk.

Objective:To investigate the impact of air pollution on dynamic changes in lung function and further explore the association between genetic factors and lung function and its changes.Methods:Research data were from 14 506 participants in the United Kingdom Biobank with two complete baseline and follow-up lung function tests. Particulate matter [including particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm and ≤10 μm (PM 2.5 and PM 10)], nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), and nitrogen oxides (NO x) concentrations were estimated using land-use regression models. Annual changes in lung function were calculated based on baseline and follow-up lung function tests. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) of lung function [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the ratio of FEV 1 to FVC (FEV 1/FVC)] were constructed by genetic variations. The association between air pollution concentrations and lung function changes was analyzed by multiple linear regression models, and the impact of genetic factors on lung function and its changes was also assessed. Results:PM 2.5, PM 10, NO 2, and NO x showed a negative correlation with FVC changes [PM 2.5: -6.66 (95% CI: -9.92- -3.40) ml/year; PM 10: -0.40 (95% CI: -0.77- -0.03) ml/year; NO 2: -1.84 (95% CI: -2.60- -1.07) ml/year; NO x: -1.37 (95% CI: -2.27- -0.46) ml/year]. Additionally, PM 2.5, PM 10and NO 2 were also negatively correlated with changes in FEV 1 [PM 2.5: -3.19 (95% CI: -5.79- -0.59) ml/year; PM 10: -3.00 (95% CI: -5.92- -0.08) ml/year; NO 2: -0.95 (95% CI: -1.56- -0.34) ml/year]. PRS of lung function were positively correlated with baseline lung function (FVC, FEV 1, and FEV 1/FVC) and lung function changes (all β>0, all P<0.001). In different PRS stratification analyses, the effect of air pollution on lung function changes remained significant, and there was no apparent heterogeneity. Conclusions:PRS of lung function are significantly associated with baseline and lung function changes. Long-term exposure to air pollution accelerates the decline of lung function indicators such as FVC and FEV 1. The effects of air pollution are consistent in individuals with different genetic risk scores.

This paper discusses the necessity of artificial intelligence(AI)technology empowering the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the context of the intelligent era,the connotation and tasks of smart TCM,and the progress of related research and transformation.It closely follows the national orientation,rigid needs and problems,conducts top-level design,and proposes popular AI technologies that can be used in the field of TCM in the future and the research directions that smart TCM will focus on in the fu-ture,in order to further promote the integration of multidisciplinary cross-innovation and help realize the modernization,inheritance and innovation of TCM and lay the foundation.

The standard system refers to the scientific organic whole formed by the internal connections of stand-ards within a certain range.The completeness of the drug standard system plays a crucial role in ensuring drug safety.Pharmacopoeia is the core of the drug standard system.This article compared the architecture of the Chi-nese Pharmacopoeia,the United States Pharmacopoeia,the European Pharmacopoeia,and the Japanese Pharma-copoeia on the aspects of overall architecture,monographs architecture,general notice architecture,general tech-nical requirements architecture,and other standard architecture,as well as the implementation of various types of standards,aiming to provide reference for the optimization and improvement of the standard system of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.