Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen for both human bloodstream infections and mastitis in cows. However, little attention has been paid to the cross-host transmission of MRSA from cows to high-risk groups in China. Objective To determine the MRSA colonization rates among dairy cows and dairy farm workers in Xinjiang, identify the antibiotic resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of the isolates, and provide scientific evidence for the formulation of targeted infection control strategies. Method A cross-sectional survey combined with laboratory pathogen analysis was conducted. From June to August 2024, large-scale dairy farms in Xinjiang region were selected as study sites. Nasal swabs (n=96) and skin swabs (n=39) were collected from workers, and bovine nasal swab samples (n=109) were collected simultaneously. All samples were subjected to MRSA isolation, cultivation, and identification, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing to characterize resistance phenotypes. Staphylococcus aureus protein A (Spa) typing was performed to determine strain genotypes and elucidate MRSA colonization rates and molecular epidemiological patterns. Results A total of 35 MRSA strains was successfully isolated from 244 samples. The MRSA colonization rates among dairy farm workers and dairy cows were 20.83% (20/96) and 12.84% (14/109), respectively, with an overall isolation rate of 14.34% (35/244). Among the workers, the nasal colonization rate was 16.67% (16/96), and the skin colonization rate was 12.82% (5/39). One worker exhibited MRSA colonization at multiple body sites. All MRSA strains were resistant to cefoxitin (100%, 35/35). The resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were 42.86% (15/35) and 34.29% (12/35), respectively. Thirteen strains showed a multidrug-resistant phenotype, whereas all strains were susceptible to vancomycin. The MRSA isolates exhibited high genetic diversity, with 13 Spa types identified, among which t441 was the most prevalent (8 strains). Both t441 and t034 types were detected in samples from both the dairy cows and their handlers. These two Spa types also carried and stably inherited specific resistance combinations, including erythromycin–clindamycin–cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin–erythromycin–clindamycin–gentamicin–cefoxitin–tetracycline, and a statistically significant association was also observed between the two resistance profiles and the bacterial types (P < 0.001). In addition, one novel Spa type strain was identified. Conclusion MRSA colonization rates among dairy cows and dairy farm workers in Xinjiang are relatively high, with evidence of multi-site colonization. The isolates exhibit high levels of multidrug resistance and genetic diversity, indicating a potential risk of cross-host transmission.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the effect of Taohong Siwutang on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion （CIRI） injury in rats is related to the regulation of astrocyte polarization and explore the related mechanism. MethodsEighty-four male SD rats were randomly assigned to the following groups： A sham operation group， a model group， Taohong Siwutang treatment groups （low dose， medium dose， and high dose）， ligustrazine phosphate tablet （LPT） group， and AG490 group. All groups， except for the sham operation group， underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion （MCAO/R） modeling and were treated for seven days. The neurological impairment was evaluated using the Longa score. The volume of cerebral infarction was assessed through 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot analyses were performed to analyze the mRNA and protein expression levels of cortical complement 3 （C3）， S100 calcium-binding protein A10 （S100A10）， Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）， and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）. Additionally， protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A （VEGF-A） were assessed， and the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors， including interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， were evaluated. Glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） and C3， S100A10 and Co-localization was detected via immunofluorescence double staining. Lastly， VEGF expression levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultsCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed a significant increase in cerebral infarction volume and neurological impairment （P<0.01）. C3 protein levels were elevated， while S100A10 levels were decreased. Pathway-related markers were significantly upregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and VEGF-A protein levels were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors was significantly upregulated （P<0.01）. Co-localization analysis showed significantly increased GFAP and C3 fluorescence intensity （P<0.01） and greatly decreased GFAP and S100A10 fluorescence intensity （P<0.01）. Additionally， VEGF content was significantly elevated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， medium- and high-dose Taohong Siwutang and LPT groups exhibited a significant reduction in cerebral infarction volume and neurological impairment （P<0.01）. Groups treated with low， medium， and high doses of Taohong Siwutang and LPT group exhibited a decrease in C3 protein expression levels and an increase in S100A10 expression levels （P<0.01）. In the high-dose Taohong Siwutang and AG490 groups， both protein and mRNA expression of C3 and pathway-related markers were significantly downregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while S100A10 expression and VEGF-A protein levels were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Additionally， the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. The co-localization fluorescence intensity of GFAP and C3 significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while that of GFAP and S100A10 greatly increased （P<0.01）. Furthermore， VEGF content exhibited a marked elevation （P<0.01）. ConclusionTaohong Siwutang exerts a protective effect in rats with cerebral CIRI injury. The underlying mechanism is associated with the downregulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway， promotion of A2-type astrocyte polarization， reduction of inflammatory factor release， and enhancement of VEGF production.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the effect of Taohong Siwutang on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion （CIRI） injury in rats is related to the regulation of astrocyte polarization and explore the related mechanism. MethodsEighty-four male SD rats were randomly assigned to the following groups： A sham operation group， a model group， Taohong Siwutang treatment groups （low dose， medium dose， and high dose）， ligustrazine phosphate tablet （LPT） group， and AG490 group. All groups， except for the sham operation group， underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion （MCAO/R） modeling and were treated for seven days. The neurological impairment was evaluated using the Longa score. The volume of cerebral infarction was assessed through 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot analyses were performed to analyze the mRNA and protein expression levels of cortical complement 3 （C3）， S100 calcium-binding protein A10 （S100A10）， Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）， and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）. Additionally， protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A （VEGF-A） were assessed， and the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors， including interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， were evaluated. Glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） and C3， S100A10 and Co-localization was detected via immunofluorescence double staining. Lastly， VEGF expression levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultsCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed a significant increase in cerebral infarction volume and neurological impairment （P<0.01）. C3 protein levels were elevated， while S100A10 levels were decreased. Pathway-related markers were significantly upregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and VEGF-A protein levels were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors was significantly upregulated （P<0.01）. Co-localization analysis showed significantly increased GFAP and C3 fluorescence intensity （P<0.01） and greatly decreased GFAP and S100A10 fluorescence intensity （P<0.01）. Additionally， VEGF content was significantly elevated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， medium- and high-dose Taohong Siwutang and LPT groups exhibited a significant reduction in cerebral infarction volume and neurological impairment （P<0.01）. Groups treated with low， medium， and high doses of Taohong Siwutang and LPT group exhibited a decrease in C3 protein expression levels and an increase in S100A10 expression levels （P<0.01）. In the high-dose Taohong Siwutang and AG490 groups， both protein and mRNA expression of C3 and pathway-related markers were significantly downregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while S100A10 expression and VEGF-A protein levels were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Additionally， the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. The co-localization fluorescence intensity of GFAP and C3 significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while that of GFAP and S100A10 greatly increased （P<0.01）. Furthermore， VEGF content exhibited a marked elevation （P<0.01）. ConclusionTaohong Siwutang exerts a protective effect in rats with cerebral CIRI injury. The underlying mechanism is associated with the downregulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway， promotion of A2-type astrocyte polarization， reduction of inflammatory factor release， and enhancement of VEGF production.

Background Animal farming may affect the structure and diversity of gut microbiota of farm workers, but it needs more studies to provide solid evidence. Objective To analyze the diversity characteristics of gut microbiota in dairy farm workers, dairy cows, and the control population (non-animal contact occupational group), and to assess the impact of dairy farming on the gut microbiota of workers. Methods The 16S rRNA full-length amplicon sequencing technology was used to sequence 60 fecal samples from dairy farm workers, 89 from dairy cows, and 50 from the general population. The gut microbiota structure characteristics, including operational taxonomic units (OTUs), alpha diversity, beta diversity, and the composition of species at the phylum, family, and genus levels were analyzed. The differences in gut microbiota among the three groups of samples were compared to explore the impact of occupational exposure on the gut microbiota structure of dairy farm workers. Results A total of 50478 OTUs were identified in the gut microbiota of farm workers, dairy cows, and the general population, with 23613, 42723, and 16592 OTUs, respectively. The number of shared OTUs between the dairy cows and the general population was 12674 (27.17%), between the general population and the farm workers was 10099 (33.54%), and between the dairy cows and the farm workers was 17690 (36.36%). Compared with the general population, the farm workers and dairy cows showed more shared gut microbiota (P<0.01). The abundance of Firmicutes in the gut of the farm workers was higher than that of the general population (P<0.01), while Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria were the opposite (P<0.01). The alpha diversity of gut microbiota in the farm workers was different from that of the general population. The ACE index of the farm workers was slightly lower than that of the general population and much lower than that of dairy cows (P<0.05), while their Shannon index was higher than that of the general population but lower than that of dairy cows (P<0.01). The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) showed that the abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in the gut microbiota of the farm workers were significantly higher than those of the general population, while Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae were lower than those of the general population. Conclusion The dairy farm workers shares a certain proportion of common bacterial communities with dairy cows. Dairy farming operations can affect the structure and diversity of the gut microbiota of workers by increasing the abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, while decreasing the abundances of Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae. The study results provide reference data for further exploring the cross-host transmission of pathogens related to occupational exposure in dairy farming.

The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry, particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry, resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy, endodontic surgery, and dental restoration. However, the improper use of this microscope continues to be common in clinical settings, primarily due to operators' insufficient understanding and proficiency in both the features and established operating procedures of this equipment. In October 2019, Professor Jingping Liang, Vice Chairman of the Society of Cariology and Endodontology, Chinese Stomatological Association, organized a consensus meeting with Chinese experts in endodontics and operative dentistry. The objective of this meeting was to establish a standard operation procedure for the dental operative microscope. Subsequently, a consensus was reached and officially issued. Over the span of about four years, the content of this consensus has been further developed and improved through practical experience.
Humans ; Dentistry, Operative ; Consensus ; Endodontics ; Root Canal Therapy ; Dental Care

There haven't been an uniform criterion for the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fracture till now.For this type of fractures,surgical approaches are divided into two main parts,non-osteotomy approach and osteotomy approach.The non-osteotomy approach includes posterolateral approach,anterolateral approach,lateral approach,posteromedial approach and posterior approach.Each of them includes advantage and disadvantage.Posterolateral approach is the most effective exposure of posterolateral tibial plateau fracture.Satisfactory reduction and buttress fixation could be achieved under direct view.Posterolateral tibial plateau fracture could also be exposed from the gap between fibular head and posterolateral tibial plateau via anterolateral approach,but the raft plate should be placed backwardly to achieve the best fixation result.With a single lateral incision of the tibial plateau,the anterolateral and posterolateral plateau fragments could be fixed simultaneously through the anterolateral and posterolateral interval of the deep tissue.The anatomy of the posteromedial approach is simpler,however,it's difficult to view all the comminuted fragments of the posterolateral tibial plateau.The injury risk of popliteal blood vessels and nerves is relatively high,therefore it's rarely used right now.The osteotomy approach includes fibular head,lateral femoral epicondyle and tibial Gerdy tuberosity osteotomy.The osteotomy approaches of lateral femoral epicondyle and tibial Gerdy tuberosity are usually used in the cases associated with the anterolateral approach of the knee.The best view of the posterolateral tibial plateau could be obtained via the fibular head osteotomy approach.But the extra damage is too severe to recommend routinely.On the other hand,there are several fixation options when posterolateral tibial plateau fractures are treated.The buttress plate was verified to be the best fixation method and the rim plating provided a novel idea for this fracture pattern.The fibular support is a reliable method for posterolateral compression fracture as well.We will summarize the selection of surgical approaches and internal fixation methods to provide a reference for the clinical doctors.

There haven't been an uniform criterion for the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fracture till now.For this type of fractures,surgical approaches are divided into two main parts,non-osteotomy approach and osteotomy approach.The non-osteotomy approach includes posterolateral approach,anterolateral approach,lateral approach,posteromedial approach and posterior approach.Each of them includes advantage and disadvantage.Posterolateral approach is the most effective exposure of posterolateral tibial plateau fracture.Satisfactory reduction and buttress fixation could be achieved under direct view.Posterolateral tibial plateau fracture could also be exposed from the gap between fibular head and posterolateral tibial plateau via anterolateral approach,but the raft plate should be placed backwardly to achieve the best fixation result.With a single lateral incision of the tibial plateau,the anterolateral and posterolateral plateau fragments could be fixed simultaneously through the anterolateral and posterolateral interval of the deep tissue.The anatomy of the posteromedial approach is simpler,however,it's difficult to view all the comminuted fragments of the posterolateral tibial plateau.The injury risk of popliteal blood vessels and nerves is relatively high,therefore it's rarely used right now.The osteotomy approach includes fibular head,lateral femoral epicondyle and tibial Gerdy tuberosity osteotomy.The osteotomy approaches of lateral femoral epicondyle and tibial Gerdy tuberosity are usually used in the cases associated with the anterolateral approach of the knee.The best view of the posterolateral tibial plateau could be obtained via the fibular head osteotomy approach.But the extra damage is too severe to recommend routinely.On the other hand,there are several fixation options when posterolateral tibial plateau fractures are treated.The buttress plate was verified to be the best fixation method and the rim plating provided a novel idea for this fracture pattern.The fibular support is a reliable method for posterolateral compression fracture as well.We will summarize the selection of surgical approaches and internal fixation methods to provide a reference for the clinical doctors.

Objective To investigate the effect of Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox protein 1 (ZEB1) on the radiosensitivity of gastric cancer cells AGS and its possible mechanism. Methods AGS cells were irradiated by X-rays at different doses (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy). Western blot was used to observe the expression of ZEB1 in cells. AGS cells, in logarithmic growth phase, were transfected with of ZEB1 gene or its interference plasmids, the corresponding control plasmids ( pcDNA3. 1 ) and negative control interference plasmids. They were classified as overexpression ZEB1 group, silencing ZEB1 group, control group and negative control group, respectively. The effect of overexpression and silencing ZEB1 on the survival of AGS cells after irradiation were analyzed by colony formation assay. The cell apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of histone H2A (H2AX), phosphorylated H2AX (γ-H2AX) and telangiectasia mutated gene (ATM) were detected by Western blot. Results The expression of ZEB1 in AGS cells was dependent on radiation dose (F=58. 57, P<0. 05). Overexpression of ZEB1 increased AGS cells viability, inhibitedγ-H2AX expression (t=12. 18, P<0. 05), blocked cell apoptosis (t=7. 27, P<0. 05) and up-regulated ATM expression in time-dependent manner after irradaition (F=165. 70, P <0. 05). Silencing ZEB1 reduced AGS cells viability, increased γ-H2AX expression ( t =12. 88, P<0. 05) and cell apoptosis (t =8. 36, P <0. 05), and down-regulated of ATM expression (F=44. 80, P<0. 05). Conclusions ZEB1 regulates the radiosensitivity of gastric cancer AGS cells by up-regulating ATM expression.

Aim To investigate the effects of starfish saponins(Sfs) on insulin signaling pathway in orotic acid-induced NAFLD rats.Methods 1% orotic acid was used to establish NAFLD model in male Wistar rats for six weeks.The NAFLD rats were randomly divided into two groups(eight rats in each group) and then fed with the corresponding diets: Model group(1% orotic acid)and Sfs group(1% orotic acid containing 0.04% starfish saponins).After starfish saponins feeding for 8 weeks, hepatic lipids content, liver function indices and relevant protein expression in muscle insulin signaling pathway were measured.Results Compared with model group, starfish saponins reduced hepatic lipids content and improved liver functions.In addition, it effectively ameliorated insulin resistance by improving insulin signaling pathway and improved glucose uptake in muscle.Conclusion The amelioration effect of starfish saponins on impaired insulin signaling pathway in muscle is observed in orotic acid-induced NAFLD rats.

Objective: To evaluate the application of artery first, combined vascular resection and reconstruction in the treatment of pancreatic head carcinoma. Methods: The clinical data of 13 patients with pancreatic head cancer were retrospectively analyzed from February 2014 to March 2016 in the Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University. Preoperative computed tomography of high resolution layer or magnetic resonance imaging examination demonstrated pancreatic head carcinoma, as well as close adhesion, stenosis, compression or displacement of superior mesenteric vein or portal vein wall. In the operation, the artery first approach was used and the whole arterial blood supply in the head of the pancreas was fully exposed and interdicted. Finally, en block resection and vascular resection and reconstruction was adopted. Results: 12 of 13 patients had pancreatoduodenectomy synchronously with vascular resection and reconstruction; the other patient had these two surgery sequentially. Four patients received blood vessel wedge resection, five had segmental resection combined with end to end suture, and four had segmental resection combined with artificial vascular graft reconstruction. Operation time was (327.2±65.5) minutes, and the amount of blood loss was (472.6±226.4) millilitres. One patient suffered from delayed gastric emptying, and two patients had pancreatic fistula. All patients recovered from postoperative complications by conservative treatment. No patients developed biliary fistula, gastrointestinal fistula, abdominal infection, pulmonary infection, diarrhea, hypoglycemia or other complications, and none died in perioperative period. Postoperative pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mean tumor diameter was (4.2±1.5)cm, and (3.8±1.5) metastasis were found in (13.6±2.5) resected lymph nodes. In 11 cases, the tumor cells were found in the outer membrane of blood vessels, 2 cases were found to have tumor invasion in the inner membrane, and all the resection margins were negative. All patients were followed up, and 2 patients died of liver metastasis 11 months and 18 months after operation, respectively. One patient survived with local recurrence of tumor 13 months after surgery. Other patients had no tumor recurrence and metastasis. Conclusions The artery first approch combined vascular resection and reconstruction is safe effective and feasible in the treatment of pancreatic head carcinoma. It can improve the ablation rate of pancreatoduodenectomy.