OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy of Yangyin Yifei Decoction in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients with of qi-yin deficiency and elevated serum keratin 19 fragment(Cyfra21-1).METHODS Sixty patients with T2DM of qi-yin deficiency type and elevated serum Cyfra21-1 who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,30 cases in each group.The control group was given oral hypoglycemic treatment with metformin hydrochlo-ride sustained-release tablets and dapagliflozin tablets,and the observation group was given Yangyin Yifei Decoction on the basis of the treatment of the control group.The treatment course of both groups was 12 weeks.Before and after treatment,the changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,fasting blood glucose(FBG)and 2-hour postprandial glucose(2 h PG),glycosylated he-moglobin(HbAlc),serum Cyfra21-1 and Cyfra21-1 specific T cell response,triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),alanine ami-notransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),urea(UR),and creatinine(CREA)were observed in the two groups.RE-SULTS After treatment,FBG,2 h PG,HbAlc,and TCM syndrome scores of the two groups of patients decreased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the observation group was better than the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01);TG and TC in the observation group were significantly reduced(P<0.01),serum Cyfra21-1 was significantly decreased(P<0.01),and Cyfra21-1-specific T cells in PBMCs were significantly increased(P<0.01),which was better than the control group(P<0.01);there was no significant change in liver and kidney function in the two groups.CONCLUSION Yangyin Yifei Decoction combined with basic hypoglycemic regimen can significantly improve blood glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM patients with qi-yin deficiency and elevated serum Cyfra21-1,enhance the function of Cyfra21-1-specific T cells,and improve the body's immunity,with high safety.

Objective:To analyze the significance of ultrasound super microvascular imaging (SMI) combined with strain ratio (SR) in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses.Methods:A total of 110 patients with breast masses (110 lesions) admitted to Jiande Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from October 2022 to November 2024 were retrospectively selected, including 65 benign masses (benign group) and 45 malignant masses (malignant group). Both groups received SMI and strain elastography (SE) examination. The clinical and ultrasonic parameters SMI blood flow signal grade, vascular index (VI), global SR (ESR), local SR (LSR) and other indicators of the two groups were compared, and the independent risk of breast tumor malignancy was screened by Logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of SMI blood flow signal grading, VI and ESR combined detection in the differential diagnosis of breast tumor malignancy.Results:The proportion of irregular shape, unclear boundary, microcalcification, convergence sign and angulation sign in the malignant group were higher than those in the benign group: 80.00%(36/45) vs. 55.38%(36/65), 57.78%(26/45) vs. 33.85%(22/65), 44.44%(20/45) vs. 13.85%(9/65), 55.56%(25/45) vs. 9.23%(6/65), 60.00%(27/45) vs. 15.38%(10/65), there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The SMI blood flow signal grade in the malignant group was higher than that in the benign group, the VI, ESR and LSR in the malignant group were higher than those in the benign group: (6.53 ± 0.68)% vs. (3.14 ± 0.36)%, 4.62 ± 0.48 vs. 2.53 ± 0.27, 31.45 ± 3.29 vs. 20.16 ± 2.35, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that irregular shape, unclear boundary, microcalcification, SMI blood flow signal grade, VI and ESR were independent risk factors for malignant breast mass ( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis results showed that the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of SMI blood flow signal classification, VI and ESR combined in predicting breast tumor malignancy were 84.26%, 83.17% and 87.65%, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.896, which were higher than the results predicted by each index alone. Conclusions:There are certain characteristic changes of SMI in benign and malignant breast masses. SMI combined with SR has good value in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of modified endoscopic autologous cartilage eustachian tube pharyngeal orifice tuboplasty(MEACETT)in patients with patulous eustachian tube(PET).Meth-ods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 27 patients(30 ears)diagnosed with PET who underwent MEACETT.Autologous cartilage was used through the incision at the posterior end of the inferior turbi-nate and filled into the lateral wall of the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube.Without affecting the movement function of the eustachian tube during swallowing,the collapse of the pharyngeal orifice was fully filled.Before and after the surgery,the visual analogue scale(VAS),the eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7(ETDQ-7)and hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS)was used for assessment to evaluate the surgical efficacy.Results There was no significant difference in depression scores before and after surgery(P＞0.05).However,postopera-tive anxiety scores,ETDQ-7 scores,and VAS scores were significantly lower than preoperative scores(P＜0.05).Among the 27 patients,9 showed significant symptom relief,13 exhibited partial relief,and 5 had no significant change compared to preoperative symptoms.The overall response rate of the treatment(significant relief and partial relief)was 81.48％(22/27).All surgeries were successfully performed.Except for secretory otitis media occurring in 2 cases,no major complications were observed.Conclusion MEACETT demonstrates significant symptom relief in PET patients,with high surgical safety and low complication rates,making it worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the R value in tubomanometry(TMM)for the di-agnosis of patulous eustachian tube(PET).Methods The clinical data of 58 patients with PET and 65 controls were retrospectively analyzed.TMM was performed on both groups under nasopharyngeal pressures of 30,40,and 50 mbar respectively.The diagnostic efficacy of the R value for PET was evaluated through receiver operating char-acteristic(ROC)curves.Results In the control group,the average R values under nasopharyngeal pressures of 30,40,and 50 mbar were 0.86±0.50,0.76±0.41,and 0.68±0.34 respectively.In contrast,the corresponding R values in the PET group were significantly lower,which were 0.56±0.38,0.50±0.36,and 0.46±0.38 respec-tively.According to the ROC curve analysis,the areas under the curve(AUC)at these pressures were 0.62,0.74,and 0.74 respectively.The specificity and sensitivity of the R value under nasopharyngeal pressures of 30,40,and 50 mbar were 76.90％and 54.30％,74.60％and 68.10％,86.90％and 54.30％,respectively.Under pressures of 30,40,and 50 mbar,the incidence rates of R＞1 in the control group and the PET group were 29.23％(38/130)and 12.77％(12/94)(x2=8.69,P=0.003),20.00％(26/130)and 6.38％(6/94)(x2=7.20,P=0.007),10.00％(13/130)and 3.19％(3/94)(x2=2.87,P=0.09)respectively.Conclusion Although the low R value in TMM reflects the presence of PET to some extent,it does not provide adequate sensitivity and specificity to serve as an independent diagnostic criterion for PET.

Objective To establish the UPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of Gongliuning capsule and the content determination methods of 10 main components;To conduct network pharmacological research;To provide scientific basis for predicting the quality marker of Gongliuning capsule.Methods UPLC-DAD technique was used to establish the fingerprint of different batches of Gongliuning capsule samples and obtain the complete chemical composition information of Gongliuning capsule.With the help of network pharmacological research techniques,the target of chemical components of Gongliuning capsule and related pathways screened from various databases were predicted and analyzed,and the protein interaction network and composition-target-pathway diagram were constructed to predict the effective components of Gongliuning capsule.Based on the obtained pharmacodynamic substances,the content determination method of Gongliuning capsule was established to evaluate the quality of Gongliuning capsule.Results The fingerprints of Gongliuning capsule identified 17 common peaks.Combined with network pharmacology method,the candidate chemical components were analyzed,10 core targets and 42 metabolic pathways were obtained.Based on the testability of components and the availability of reference substances,10 compounds with high contribution were selected for content determination.Methodological verification results showed that all the 10 compounds had good linear relationship(r2>0.999 4)in the detection range,with good precision,accuracy and stability.Conclusion The established UPLC fingerprint,network pharmacology and multiple component content determination methods are highly specific,accurate and reliable.Combined with chemical pattern recognition,they can be effectively used for quality control and quality marker prediction of Gongliuning capsules.

Objective To explore the medication rules and mechanism of Xin'an physicians in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.Methods The prescriptions for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Xin'an medical writings were collected.The core drug prescriptions were obtained by using IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 for dispensing association rules as well as complex network analysis,and the cluster analysis of high-frequency traditional Chinese medicines was carried out by using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0.The active ingredients and targets of the core drugs were extracted from the BATMAN-TCM database.The GeneCards database was used to search for diabetes gene targets,and after obtaining the intersecting targets,the STRING online platform was imported to construct the protein interactions network,and screened the core genes by using the Cytoscape 3.9.1 software,and imported into the DAVID database for GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.Results A total of 135 valid prescriptions were included,involving 184 flavors of traditional Chinese medicines,with cold and mild properties.Sweet,bitter and pungent flavors,and the main attributes of lung,spleen,kidney,stomach and heart meridians.The association rules mined 14 pairs of commonly used medicine pairs.Cluster analysis clustered the top 20 traditional Chinese medicines into five cluster groups.Complex network visualization analysis formed a core prescription consisting of honey-fried licorice root,ginseng,rhizoma anemarrhenae,ophiopogon japonicus,poria cocos.The core prescription drugs were screened for 164 effective active ingredients,1,498 action targets,1,995 diabetes gene targets,404 intersecting targets,10 core targets were extracted,and a total of 1,363 items covering BP were obtained from GO functional enrichment analysis,129 items involving CC,264 items containing MF,and 206 items of KEGG signaling pathway.Conclusion The prescriptions and medicines used by Xin'an doctors in the treatment of diabetes mellitus reflect the academic idea of"treating both the symptoms and the root cause"as well as the therapeutic thought of"using cold and warmth,supplementing with sweetness and warmth,opening up and lowering with bitterness,cultivating the earth and generating gold,and consolidating the root and cultivating the elements",which provide references for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in today's clinics.

Objective To explore the medication rules and mechanism of Xin'an physicians in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.Methods The prescriptions for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Xin'an medical writings were collected.The core drug prescriptions were obtained by using IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 for dispensing association rules as well as complex network analysis,and the cluster analysis of high-frequency traditional Chinese medicines was carried out by using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0.The active ingredients and targets of the core drugs were extracted from the BATMAN-TCM database.The GeneCards database was used to search for diabetes gene targets,and after obtaining the intersecting targets,the STRING online platform was imported to construct the protein interactions network,and screened the core genes by using the Cytoscape 3.9.1 software,and imported into the DAVID database for GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.Results A total of 135 valid prescriptions were included,involving 184 flavors of traditional Chinese medicines,with cold and mild properties.Sweet,bitter and pungent flavors,and the main attributes of lung,spleen,kidney,stomach and heart meridians.The association rules mined 14 pairs of commonly used medicine pairs.Cluster analysis clustered the top 20 traditional Chinese medicines into five cluster groups.Complex network visualization analysis formed a core prescription consisting of honey-fried licorice root,ginseng,rhizoma anemarrhenae,ophiopogon japonicus,poria cocos.The core prescription drugs were screened for 164 effective active ingredients,1,498 action targets,1,995 diabetes gene targets,404 intersecting targets,10 core targets were extracted,and a total of 1,363 items covering BP were obtained from GO functional enrichment analysis,129 items involving CC,264 items containing MF,and 206 items of KEGG signaling pathway.Conclusion The prescriptions and medicines used by Xin'an doctors in the treatment of diabetes mellitus reflect the academic idea of"treating both the symptoms and the root cause"as well as the therapeutic thought of"using cold and warmth,supplementing with sweetness and warmth,opening up and lowering with bitterness,cultivating the earth and generating gold,and consolidating the root and cultivating the elements",which provide references for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in today's clinics.

Objective:To explore the value of serum soluble E-cadherin (sEC) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels in predicting postoperative recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer.Methods:198 female breast cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment in Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University (Huai’an Second People’s Hospital) From Mar. 2023 to Mar. 2025 were selected and followed up for 3 years. The recurrence and metastasis were counted. Patients with recurrence and metastasis were included in the poor prognosis group, and patients without recurrence and metastasis were included in the good prognosis group. The general data, preoperative serum sEC and COX-2 levels were compared between the two groups. The influencing factors of recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer after operation were analyzed. The dose-response relationship and predictive value of serum sEC and COX-2 levels with recurrence and metastasis were analyzed. Logistic regression equation (LR) model 1 was constructed according to conventional influencing factors, and LR model 2 was constructed according to conventional influencing factors combined with serum sEC and COX-2. The predictive efficacy and accuracy of the two models were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calibration curve. According to the ratio of 7∶3, another 85 female breast cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment in Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University (Huai’an Second People’s Hospital) from May. 2023 to May. 2025 were selected for external validation (validation set) .Results:Among 198 breast cancer patients who underwent postoperative follow-up for 3 years, 3 cases were lost to follow-up, and the recurrence and metastasis rate among the 195 patients who completed the 3-year postoperative follow-up was 26.15% (51/195). In the good prognosis group, the proportion of TNM stage III was 20.14%, the proportion of lymph node metastasis was 11.81%, the preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) level was (54.19±10.84) U/mL, the carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) level was (46.03±10.27) U/mL, the sEC level was (1987.65±191.37) ng/mL, and the COX-2 level was (17.85±5.21) ng/mL. In the poor prognosis group, the proportion of TNM stage III was 45.10%, the proportion of lymph node metastasis was 35.29%, the preoperative serum CA153 level was (65.87±12.23) U/mL, the CA125 level was (57.76±11.51) U/mL, the sEC level was (2 295.37±261.48) ng/mL, and the COX-2 level was (10.42±3.16) ng/mL. Compared with the good prognosis group, they were increased ( t/χ 2=12.00, 14.11, 6.39, 6.79, 8.92, 12.00, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that TNM stage III ( OR=2.078, 95%CI =1.569-2.751, P<0.05), lymph node metastasis ( OR=2.435, 95 %CI=1.843-3.216, P<0.05), serum CA153 ( OR= 1.180,95 %CI=1.026-1.357, P<0.05), CA125 ( OR=1.206,95 %CI=1.033-1.408, P<0.05), sEC ( OR=1.011,95 %CI= 1.007-1.015, P<0.05), COX-2 ( OR=1.378,95 %CI=1.128-1.683, P<0.05) were independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis showed that serum sEC and COX-2 levels were positively correlated with the risk of recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer ( P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that serum sEC (AUC=0.762,95 %CI=0.696-0.820, P<0.05) and COX-2 (AUC=0.757,95 %CI=0.691-0.815, P<0.05) could be used as biological indicators to predict postoperative recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer. The AUC of LR model 1 in predicting postoperative recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer was 0.862 (95 %CI=0.805-0.907, P<0.05). The AUC of LR model 2 in predicting postoperative recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer was 0.965 (95 %CI= 0.891-0.983, P<0.05), which was significantly larger than that of LR model 1 ( Z=2.015, P<0.05). The calibration curve analysis showed that the calibration degree of LR model 1 in predicting postoperative recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer was good, and the prediction results were in good agreement with the actual observation results. The calibration degree of LR model 2 was high, and the prediction results were in good agreement with the actual observation results. The results of external validation showed that the sensitivity of LR model 2 in predicting postoperative recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer was 82.61%, the specificity was 93.55%, the accuracy was 90.59%, and the Kappa value was 0.762 (95 %CI: 0.549-0.974) . Conclusions:Preoperative serum sEC and COX-2 levels are independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer. They can be used as biological indicators to predict postoperative recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer. Combined with conventional indicators, they can significantly improve the predictive efficacy.

Objective:To analyze the significance of ultrasound super microvascular imaging (SMI) combined with strain ratio (SR) in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses.Methods:A total of 110 patients with breast masses (110 lesions) admitted to Jiande Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from October 2022 to November 2024 were retrospectively selected, including 65 benign masses (benign group) and 45 malignant masses (malignant group). Both groups received SMI and strain elastography (SE) examination. The clinical and ultrasonic parameters SMI blood flow signal grade, vascular index (VI), global SR (ESR), local SR (LSR) and other indicators of the two groups were compared, and the independent risk of breast tumor malignancy was screened by Logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of SMI blood flow signal grading, VI and ESR combined detection in the differential diagnosis of breast tumor malignancy.Results:The proportion of irregular shape, unclear boundary, microcalcification, convergence sign and angulation sign in the malignant group were higher than those in the benign group: 80.00%(36/45) vs. 55.38%(36/65), 57.78%(26/45) vs. 33.85%(22/65), 44.44%(20/45) vs. 13.85%(9/65), 55.56%(25/45) vs. 9.23%(6/65), 60.00%(27/45) vs. 15.38%(10/65), there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The SMI blood flow signal grade in the malignant group was higher than that in the benign group, the VI, ESR and LSR in the malignant group were higher than those in the benign group: (6.53 ± 0.68)% vs. (3.14 ± 0.36)%, 4.62 ± 0.48 vs. 2.53 ± 0.27, 31.45 ± 3.29 vs. 20.16 ± 2.35, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that irregular shape, unclear boundary, microcalcification, SMI blood flow signal grade, VI and ESR were independent risk factors for malignant breast mass ( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis results showed that the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of SMI blood flow signal classification, VI and ESR combined in predicting breast tumor malignancy were 84.26%, 83.17% and 87.65%, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.896, which were higher than the results predicted by each index alone. Conclusions:There are certain characteristic changes of SMI in benign and malignant breast masses. SMI combined with SR has good value in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of modified endoscopic autologous cartilage eustachian tube pharyngeal orifice tuboplasty(MEACETT)in patients with patulous eustachian tube(PET).Meth-ods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 27 patients(30 ears)diagnosed with PET who underwent MEACETT.Autologous cartilage was used through the incision at the posterior end of the inferior turbi-nate and filled into the lateral wall of the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube.Without affecting the movement function of the eustachian tube during swallowing,the collapse of the pharyngeal orifice was fully filled.Before and after the surgery,the visual analogue scale(VAS),the eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7(ETDQ-7)and hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS)was used for assessment to evaluate the surgical efficacy.Results There was no significant difference in depression scores before and after surgery(P＞0.05).However,postopera-tive anxiety scores,ETDQ-7 scores,and VAS scores were significantly lower than preoperative scores(P＜0.05).Among the 27 patients,9 showed significant symptom relief,13 exhibited partial relief,and 5 had no significant change compared to preoperative symptoms.The overall response rate of the treatment(significant relief and partial relief)was 81.48％(22/27).All surgeries were successfully performed.Except for secretory otitis media occurring in 2 cases,no major complications were observed.Conclusion MEACETT demonstrates significant symptom relief in PET patients,with high surgical safety and low complication rates,making it worthy of clinical promotion.