[Purpose]To analyze the incidence and mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancer in can-cer registration areas of Hunan Province in 2021 and the trend changes from 2012 to 2021.[Methods]Data on oral and pharyngeal cancer incidence and mortality from 2012 to 2021 were collected from 78 quality-controlled cancer registries in Hunan Province,with population data sourced from household registration statistics provided by public security authorities.Indicators such as crude incidence and mortality rates,age-standardized incidence and mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC),and world standard population(ASIRW,ASMRW)in 2021 were calculated.The Chinese standard population(2000 national census)and Segi's world standard population were used for standardization.Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.0.0 software was used to fit a Log-linear regression model,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of ASIRC/ASMRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer from 2012 to 2021 was calculated to analyze the changing trends.[Results]In 2021,the crude incidence rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer in cancer registration areas of Hunan Province was 9.28/105(15.14/105 for males and 3.07/105 for fe-males),with an ASIRC of 6.10/105;the crude mortality rate was 3.75/105(6.19/105 for males and 1.16/105 for females),with an ASMRC of 2.16/105.Both the incidence and mortality rates in male were significantly higher than those in female.Age distribution analysis showed that the incidence rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer increased with age after 30 years old,peaking in the age group of 60～64 years old(22.29/105);the mortality rate continued to rise after 35 years old,reaching the peak in the population aged ≥85 years old(14.52/105).Trend analysis from 2012 to 2021 indicated that the crude incidence rate and ASIRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer increased from 3.50/105 and 2.63/105 in 2012 to 9.28/105 and 6.10/105 in 2021,with AAPC of 12.33％and 10.80％,re-spectively;the crude mortality rate and ASMRC also showed upward trends(AAPC of 9.87％and 7.21％,respectively);all trend changes were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Sex stratification revealed that the AAPC of ASIRC and ASMRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer in male were higher than those in female(AAPC of ASIRC:12.65％for males vs 4.28％for females;AAPC of ASMRC:8.79％for males vs 4.13％for females).Age-specific trend analysis found that the ASIRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer in the population aged ≤ 44 years old showed an upward trend(AAPC=11.73％,P＜0.001),with the AAPC of male in this group reaching 14.57％;the AAPC of ASIRC for the age groups of 45～64 years old and ≥65 years old were 11.03％and 9.74％,respectively,and the AAPC of ASMRC for these two groups were 10.05％and 8.19％,respectively,with all trend changes being statistically significant(all P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant change in the ASMRC of the population aged ≤44 years old(AAPC=5.66％,P=0.087).[Conclusion]The incidence and mortality rates of oral and pharyngeal cancer in cancer registration areas of Hunan Province remain high and show an upward trend,with a tendency of younger onset.Males and middle-aged and elderly populations are the key focuses of prevention and control.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a member of the transcription CDK subfamily and plays a role in transcriptional regulation. Selective CDK9 degraders possess potent clinical advantages over reversible CDK9 inhibitors. Herein, we report the first ATG101-recruiting selective CDK9 degrader, AZ-9, based on the hydrophobic tag kinesin degradation technology. AZ-9 showed significant degradation effects and selectivity toward other homologous cell cycle CDKs in vitro and in vivo, which could also affect downstream related phenotypes. Mechanism research revealed that AZ-9 recruits ATG101 to initiate the autophagy-lysosome pathway, and forms autophagosomes through the recruitment of LC3, which then fuses with lysosomes to degrade CDK9 and the partner protein Cyclin T1. These dates validated the existence of non-proteasomal degradation pathway of hydrophobic driven protein degradation strategy for the first time, which might provide research ideas for chemical induction intervention on other types of pathogenic proteins.

Objective To investigate the association between the variability of remnant cholesterol inflammatory index(RCII),a novel composite biomarker,and the risk of stroke,in order to provide a theoretical basis for stroke prevention.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on 38 659 Kailuan individuals who took annual physical examinations in 2006,2008,and 2010.These subjects were grouped based on the quartiles of RCII variability,which was represented by standard deviation(SD)and average real variability(ARV),and were followed up every 2 years,with the occurrence of stroke(including ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes),death,or the end of follow-up on December 31,2022 as the endpoints.Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative incidence rate of endpoint events across different groups,and log-rank test was used to compare the difference of cumulative incidence of endpoint events in each group.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was adopted to analyze the association between RCII variability and risk of stroke.Results Among the 38 659 participants,a total of 2 539 strokes occurred during a mean follow-up period of 11.22±2.26 years.After adjusting confounding factors,when the participants were grouped by the quartiles of RCII-SD,the hazard ratio(HR)for stroke was 1.034(95%CI:0.917～1.167,P=0.584),1.146(95%CI:1.018～1.290,P=0.025),and 1.209(95%CI:1.066～1.370,P=0.003),respectively in the Q2,Q3,and Q4 groups,when compared with the Q1 group(Ptrend<0.05).When they were grouped by the quartiles of RCII-ARV,the HR for stroke was 1.008(95%CI:0.894～1.136,P=0.901),1.109(95%CI:0.986～1.248,P=0.085),and 1.152(95%CI:1.018～1.303,P=0.025),respectively,in the Q2,Q3,and Q4 groups,when compared with the Q1 group.Furthermore,both sensitivity and stratified analyses yielded similar results.Conclusion RCII variability is significantly associated with stroke,and the risk of stroke is gradually increasing with increment of the variability.Countermeasures Relevant authorities can focus on reducing RCII variability as a central objective by establishing regular monitoring mechanism,strengthening lifestyle interventions,and standardizing dietary,exercise,and weight management in order to suppress the index fluctuations.The principle of stable lipid-lowering in medication and optimization of therapeutic regimens with stable efficacy should be emphasized to prevent the risk of additional vascular damage.

Objective:To evaluate the early and mid-term efficacy of physician-modified fenestrated endovascular repair combined with inner branch techniques for aortic pathologies complicated by aberrant subclavian artery (ASA).Methods:A retrospective case series was conducted, including 24 patients with ASA-associated aortic pathologies who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with physician-modified fenestration and inner branch reconstruction at 7 centers in China from February 2021 to March 2025. The cohort comprised 18 males and 6 females, with an age of (54.4±11.7) years (range:37 to 80 years). Pathological diagnoses included aortic aneurysm in 7 patients (29.2%), aortic dissection in 11 (45.8%; 6 chronic, 4 subacute, 1 acute), and penetrating aortic ulcer in 6 (25.0%; 3 with concomitant intramural hematoma). Preoperative planning was performed using three-dimensional CT angiographic reconstruction, incorporating both the greater-curvature hemodynamic length and the centerline wall-adherent length. Fenestration sites were verified on three-dimensional printed models, and precise fenestrations were created at the covered stent-graft locations corresponding to the subclavian artery and ASA anatomy. Patients subsequently underwent TEVAR combined with supra-aortic revascularization as indicated, followed by completion ascending aortography to evaluate the sealing of the main stent-graft and the patency of fenestrated or branched stents. Perioperative outcomes, complications, and early-to mid-term clinical efficacy were analyzed.Results:All procedures were technically successful. Immediate angiography identified one case of minor type Ⅳ endoleak that resolved spontaneously on 3-month follow-up CT angiography, and one case of mild type Ⅱ endoleak that was left untreated with a stable false lumen during follow-up. One patient died on postoperative day 7 of an undetermined cause. The mean follow-up period was (23.1±11.3)months (range:3 to 37 months). During follow-up, one patient developed mild bilateral lower-limb weakness 1 month after surgery. Vascular occlusion and spinal cord infarction were excluded, and the symptoms were considered related to postoperative spinal hemodynamic changes; the weakness resolved after blood pressure adjustment without recurrence. No other complications, including upper limb ischemia, spinal cord ischemia, or posterior circulation ischemia, were observed. Throughout follow-up, all branch and main stents remained patent with good structural integrity, without migration or device-related complications.Conclusions:Physician-modified fenestration combined with inner branch techniques for ASA-associated aortic pathologies is technically feasible and yields satisfactory early and mid-term results. Long-term outcomes require further follow-up.

China emerges as a major country in nuclear energy development and the application of nuclear and radiologic technology. The diagnosis and treatment of acute radiation syndrom (ARS) caused by external irradiation represent a core function in the country′s medical rescue of nuclear and radiological emergencies. Clinically, ARS manifests hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and central nervous system syndromes, with specific clinical manifestations, signs, severity, and prognosis strongly correlated with radiation dose. China has established a number of national and provincial centers for treating radiation-induced damage. Nevertheless, most medical staff have limited experience in ARS treatment. This consensus presents a summary of recent experience in treating ARS of China. In combination with recommendations from international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), this consensus proposes key evidence of critical clinical issues of ARS, covering all links in the rescue of external irradiation-induced ARS. Initially, clinical diagnosis, syndromes, and severe degrees should be determined based on clinical symptoms and dose estimates. It is necessary to normalize clinical treatment measures for hematopoietic recovery, gastrointestinal injury treatment, infection control, symptomatic treatment, and multi-organ function preservation. To this end, this consensus offers cautions. This consensus provides principles of treatment with traditional Chinese medicine, psychological intervention, and follow-up. Additionally, it highlights multidisciplinary collaboration. It is recommended that this consensus be applied in relevant treatment centers.

China emerges as a major country in nuclear energy development and the application of nuclear and radiologic technology. The diagnosis and treatment of acute radiation syndrom (ARS) caused by external irradiation represent a core function in the country′s medical rescue of nuclear and radiological emergencies. Clinically, ARS manifests hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and central nervous system syndromes, with specific clinical manifestations, signs, severity, and prognosis strongly correlated with radiation dose. China has established a number of national and provincial centers for treating radiation-induced damage. Nevertheless, most medical staff have limited experience in ARS treatment. This consensus presents a summary of recent experience in treating ARS of China. In combination with recommendations from international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), this consensus proposes key evidence of critical clinical issues of ARS, covering all links in the rescue of external irradiation-induced ARS. Initially, clinical diagnosis, syndromes, and severe degrees should be determined based on clinical symptoms and dose estimates. It is necessary to normalize clinical treatment measures for hematopoietic recovery, gastrointestinal injury treatment, infection control, symptomatic treatment, and multi-organ function preservation. To this end, this consensus offers cautions. This consensus provides principles of treatment with traditional Chinese medicine, psychological intervention, and follow-up. Additionally, it highlights multidisciplinary collaboration. It is recommended that this consensus be applied in relevant treatment centers.

[Purpose]To analyze the incidence and mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancer in can-cer registration areas of Hunan Province in 2021 and the trend changes from 2012 to 2021.[Methods]Data on oral and pharyngeal cancer incidence and mortality from 2012 to 2021 were collected from 78 quality-controlled cancer registries in Hunan Province,with population data sourced from household registration statistics provided by public security authorities.Indicators such as crude incidence and mortality rates,age-standardized incidence and mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC),and world standard population(ASIRW,ASMRW)in 2021 were calculated.The Chinese standard population(2000 national census)and Segi's world standard population were used for standardization.Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.0.0 software was used to fit a Log-linear regression model,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of ASIRC/ASMRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer from 2012 to 2021 was calculated to analyze the changing trends.[Results]In 2021,the crude incidence rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer in cancer registration areas of Hunan Province was 9.28/105(15.14/105 for males and 3.07/105 for fe-males),with an ASIRC of 6.10/105;the crude mortality rate was 3.75/105(6.19/105 for males and 1.16/105 for females),with an ASMRC of 2.16/105.Both the incidence and mortality rates in male were significantly higher than those in female.Age distribution analysis showed that the incidence rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer increased with age after 30 years old,peaking in the age group of 60～64 years old(22.29/105);the mortality rate continued to rise after 35 years old,reaching the peak in the population aged ≥85 years old(14.52/105).Trend analysis from 2012 to 2021 indicated that the crude incidence rate and ASIRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer increased from 3.50/105 and 2.63/105 in 2012 to 9.28/105 and 6.10/105 in 2021,with AAPC of 12.33％and 10.80％,re-spectively;the crude mortality rate and ASMRC also showed upward trends(AAPC of 9.87％and 7.21％,respectively);all trend changes were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Sex stratification revealed that the AAPC of ASIRC and ASMRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer in male were higher than those in female(AAPC of ASIRC:12.65％for males vs 4.28％for females;AAPC of ASMRC:8.79％for males vs 4.13％for females).Age-specific trend analysis found that the ASIRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer in the population aged ≤ 44 years old showed an upward trend(AAPC=11.73％,P＜0.001),with the AAPC of male in this group reaching 14.57％;the AAPC of ASIRC for the age groups of 45～64 years old and ≥65 years old were 11.03％and 9.74％,respectively,and the AAPC of ASMRC for these two groups were 10.05％and 8.19％,respectively,with all trend changes being statistically significant(all P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant change in the ASMRC of the population aged ≤44 years old(AAPC=5.66％,P=0.087).[Conclusion]The incidence and mortality rates of oral and pharyngeal cancer in cancer registration areas of Hunan Province remain high and show an upward trend,with a tendency of younger onset.Males and middle-aged and elderly populations are the key focuses of prevention and control.

Objective:To evaluate the early and mid-term efficacy of physician-modified fenestrated endovascular repair combined with inner branch techniques for aortic pathologies complicated by aberrant subclavian artery (ASA).Methods:A retrospective case series was conducted, including 24 patients with ASA-associated aortic pathologies who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with physician-modified fenestration and inner branch reconstruction at 7 centers in China from February 2021 to March 2025. The cohort comprised 18 males and 6 females, with an age of (54.4±11.7) years (range:37 to 80 years). Pathological diagnoses included aortic aneurysm in 7 patients (29.2%), aortic dissection in 11 (45.8%; 6 chronic, 4 subacute, 1 acute), and penetrating aortic ulcer in 6 (25.0%; 3 with concomitant intramural hematoma). Preoperative planning was performed using three-dimensional CT angiographic reconstruction, incorporating both the greater-curvature hemodynamic length and the centerline wall-adherent length. Fenestration sites were verified on three-dimensional printed models, and precise fenestrations were created at the covered stent-graft locations corresponding to the subclavian artery and ASA anatomy. Patients subsequently underwent TEVAR combined with supra-aortic revascularization as indicated, followed by completion ascending aortography to evaluate the sealing of the main stent-graft and the patency of fenestrated or branched stents. Perioperative outcomes, complications, and early-to mid-term clinical efficacy were analyzed.Results:All procedures were technically successful. Immediate angiography identified one case of minor type Ⅳ endoleak that resolved spontaneously on 3-month follow-up CT angiography, and one case of mild type Ⅱ endoleak that was left untreated with a stable false lumen during follow-up. One patient died on postoperative day 7 of an undetermined cause. The mean follow-up period was (23.1±11.3)months (range:3 to 37 months). During follow-up, one patient developed mild bilateral lower-limb weakness 1 month after surgery. Vascular occlusion and spinal cord infarction were excluded, and the symptoms were considered related to postoperative spinal hemodynamic changes; the weakness resolved after blood pressure adjustment without recurrence. No other complications, including upper limb ischemia, spinal cord ischemia, or posterior circulation ischemia, were observed. Throughout follow-up, all branch and main stents remained patent with good structural integrity, without migration or device-related complications.Conclusions:Physician-modified fenestration combined with inner branch techniques for ASA-associated aortic pathologies is technically feasible and yields satisfactory early and mid-term results. Long-term outcomes require further follow-up.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the transitional stage between healthy aging and dementia, enjoying high risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, MCI stage becomes the most important node for early identification, diagnosis and prevention of AD. At present, MCI clinical diagnosis lacks neuroimaging markers with non-invasive, timely and economic advantages. Recent studies suggest that microstructural and/or functional changes may occur in brain regions such as the hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, thalamus, putamen, caudate nucleus and corpus callosum during MCI stage, and imaging features of these abnormal changes may serve as neuroimaging markers for early diagnosis of MCI. This article reviews the research progress on the abnormal changes of MCI related brain regions in neuroimaging.

Objective:To investigate the incidence and mortality of breast cancer in tumor registration areas of Shanxi Province in 2019.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. The tumor registration data reported by 13 tumor registration areas in Shanxi Province in 2019 were collected, and the overall incidence and mortality of breast cancer were analyzed. The stratified analysis was conducted by gender and region, and the incidence, mortality, accumulation rate (0-74 years old), age-specific incidence rate, age-specific mortality rate, Chinese population standardized rate and world population standardized rate were calculated. The standard population was based on the 2000 China population census standard population composition and Segi world standard population composition.Results:In 2019, there were 871 new cases of breast cancer in the tumor registration areas of Shanxi Province, with an incidence rate of 17.83/100 000, and 202 deaths, with a mortality rate of 4.13/100 000. The age-specific incidence of breast cancer was at a low level in 0-25 years old, it increased rapidly after 30 years old, and reached a peak in people aged 60 years old. The age-specific mortality showed a slow rising trend with the increase of age, and increased rapidly in people over 75 years old. The age-specific incidence and mortality of breast cancer in female were higher than those in male. Although the general trend of change concerning urban and rural age-specific incidence was similar, the trend of change concerning urban and rural age-specific mortality had their own characteristics. In 4 urban tumor registration areas, the highest male and female Chinese population standardized incidence rates were found in Yuci District of Jinzhong City (0.62/100 000) and Yangquan City (41.86/100 000). Male Chinese population standardized mortality rate was 0/100 000, and the highest female Chinese population standardized mortality rate was found in Yangquan City (12.62/100 000). In 9 rural tumor registration areas, the highest male and female Chinese population standardized incidence rates were found in Jishan County (2.59/100 000) and Pingding County (36.42/100 000). The highest Chinese population standardized mortality rates were found in Yuanqu County (0.89/100 000) and Jishan County (4.82/100 000).Conclusions:Women, urban area people and middle-aged and elderly people are the foci of breast cancer prevention and control in Shanxi Province.