Objective:To examine the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Transgender Atti-tudes and Beliefs Scale(TABS)in the general adult population.Methods:A total of 1 656 residents aged≥18 years were recruited by convenient sampling method,and were equally divided into sample 1 and sample 2 accord-ing to age group.The total sample was used for item analysis and internal consistency reliability test.Sample 1 was used for exploratory factor analysis,Sample 2 was used for confirmatory factor analysis,and 60 residents were se-lected for retesting at a 2-week interval.Results:The TABS Chinese version included a total of 26 items,with the content validity index(I-CVI)of each item ranging from 0.83 to 1.00,and the content validity index(S-CVI)of the scale being 0.98.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 common factors,namely interpersonal comfort,gender beliefs,and human value,with a cumulative total variance of 57.13％.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale fit was acceptable(x2/df=2.95,RMSEA=0.05,GFI=0.92,AGFI=0.90).The Cronbach α coefficients of the total score of the scale and the scores of the 3 factors were 0.95,0.95,0.88 and 0.86.The retest reliabilities were 0.88,0.78,0.65 and 0.91.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale(TABS)has good validity and reliability in assessing general adults'attitudes toward the transgender community.

Objective:To examine the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Transgender Atti-tudes and Beliefs Scale(TABS)in the general adult population.Methods:A total of 1 656 residents aged≥18 years were recruited by convenient sampling method,and were equally divided into sample 1 and sample 2 accord-ing to age group.The total sample was used for item analysis and internal consistency reliability test.Sample 1 was used for exploratory factor analysis,Sample 2 was used for confirmatory factor analysis,and 60 residents were se-lected for retesting at a 2-week interval.Results:The TABS Chinese version included a total of 26 items,with the content validity index(I-CVI)of each item ranging from 0.83 to 1.00,and the content validity index(S-CVI)of the scale being 0.98.Exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 common factors,namely interpersonal comfort,gender beliefs,and human value,with a cumulative total variance of 57.13％.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale fit was acceptable(x2/df=2.95,RMSEA=0.05,GFI=0.92,AGFI=0.90).The Cronbach α coefficients of the total score of the scale and the scores of the 3 factors were 0.95,0.95,0.88 and 0.86.The retest reliabilities were 0.88,0.78,0.65 and 0.91.Conclusion:The Chinese version of the Transgender Attitudes and Beliefs Scale(TABS)has good validity and reliability in assessing general adults'attitudes toward the transgender community.

Objective:To explore the relation of depressive and anxiety symptoms to defense mechanism in transgender population.Methods:Totally 451 transgender patients in the sexual and psychological outpatient depart-ment of a hospital were selected.They were assessed with the self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Defense Mechanism Scale(DSQ).The SDS standard score of ≥53 was classified as having depressive symptoms,and the SAS standard score of ≥50 was classified as having anxiety symptoms.Re-sults:The detection rates of depression and anxiety were 46.8％and 28.8％respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that SDS scores were positively correlated with DSQ scores of projection,conceit,complaint,with-drawal,somatization,control,isolation and identity(β=0.08-0.22),while SDS scores were negatively correlated with DSQ scores of sublimation,depression,omnipotence with incompetence and denial(0=-0.09--0.19).The SAS scores were positively correlated with the DSQ scores of projection,latent manifestation,somatization,control,isolation,identity,and consumption tendency(0=0.09-0.26),while the SAS scores were negatively cor-related with the DSQ scores of sublimation,depression,omnipotence accompanied by incompetence,and denial(β=-0.09--0.15).Conclusion:The proportion of depression and anxiety symptoms detected in the transgender group is higher,which may be related to the use of some defenses.

Objective:To characterize the histopathological subtypes and their clinicopathological parameters of gender and onset age by common, rare and sparse primary esophageal malignant tumors (PEMT).Methods:A total of 272 437 patients with PEMT were enrolled in this study, and all of the patients were received radical surgery. The clinicopathological information of the patients was obtained from the database established by the State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment from September 1973 to December 2020, which included the clinical treatment, pathological diagnosis and follow-up information of esophagus and gastric cardia cancers. All patients were diagnosed and classified by the criteria of esophageal tumor histopathological diagnosis and classification (2019) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The esophageal tumors, which were not included in the WHO classification, were analyzed separately according to the postoperative pathological diagnosis. The χ 2 test was performed by the SPSS 25.0 software on count data, and the test standard α=0.05. Results:A total of 32 histopathological types were identified in the enrolled PEMT patients, of which 10 subtypes were not included in the WHO classification. According to the frequency, PEMT were divided into common (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ESCC, accounting for 97.1%), rare (esophageal adenocarcinoma, EAC, accounting for 2.3%) and sparse (mainly esophageal small cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, etc., accounting for 0.6%). All the common, rare, and sparse types occurred predominantly in male patients, and the gender difference of rare type was most significant (EAC, male∶ female, 2.67∶1), followed with common type (ESCC, male∶ female, 1.78∶1) and sparse type (male∶ female, 1.71∶1). The common type (ESCC) mainly occurred in the middle thoracic segment (65.2%), while the rare type (EAC) mainly occurred in the lower thoracic segment (56.8%). Among the sparse type, malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma were both predominantly located in the lower thoracic segment (51.7%, 66.7%), and the others were mainly in the middle thoracic segment.Conclusion:ESCC is the most common type among the 32 histopathological types of PEMT, followed by EAC as the rare type, and esophageal small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma as the major sparse type, and all of which are mainly occur in male patients. The common type of ESCC mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment, while the rare type of EAC mainly in the lower thoracic segment. The mainly sparse type of malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma predominately occur in the lower thoracic segment, and the remaining sparse types mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment.

Objective To observe the ultrasonographic findings of patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage by transcranial color-code sonography ( TCCS) and contrast-enhanced transcranial color-code sonography (CE-TCCS) ,and to evaluate the clinical value of TCCS and CE-TCCS in assessing the cerebral perfusion with basal ganglia hemorrhage . Methods Eighty-two patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage were selected ,and hematoma was seen in 58 patients (70 .7％ ) . Forty-six cases of bilateral TCCS with clear display of basal ganglia through temporal window were selected . CE-TCCS was used to observe cerebral perfusion of edema zone ,edema zone edge and peripheral brain parenchyma . Results The bilateral rate displayed by TCCS was 79 .3％ . Among 58 cases ,30 cases had ventricular compression ,14 cases had hematoma rupture into ventricle ,8 cases had midline displacement ,and 10 cases had no complication change . The cerebral perfusion in edema areas around hematoma was reduced by CE-TCCS ,but the degree of reduction was different . There were reduced in a step-like manner in the cerebral perfusion from edema zone and edema zone edge to peripheral brain tissue . Conclusions CE-TCCS is a new method for clinical diagnosis and monitoring the progress of treatments of cerebral hematoma .

Objective: To study the prognostic factors of delayed gastric emptying(DGE) after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) and construct a prognostic predictive model for clinical application. Methods: Clinic data of 401 consecutive patients who underwent PD between January 2012 and July 2016 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The patients were randomly selected to modeling group(n=299) and validation group(n=102) at a ratio of 3∶1. The data of modeling group were subjected to univariate and multivariate analysis for prognostic factors and to construct a prognostic predictive model of DGE after PD. The data of validation group were applied to test the prognostic predictive model. Results: DGE after PD occurred in 35 of 299 patients(11.7%) in the modeling group. The multivariate analysis of the modeling group showed that upper abdominal operation history(χ²=6.533, P=0.011), diabetes mellitus(χ²=17.872, P=0.000), preoperative hemoglobin <90 g/L(χ²=14.608, P=0.000) and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy(PPPD)(χ²=8.811, P=0.003) were associated with DGE after PD independently. A prognostic predictive model of DGE after PD was constructed based on these factors and successfully tested. The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was 0.761(95%CI: 0.666-0.856) of the modeling group and 0.750(95% CI: 0.577-0.923) of the validation group. Conclusions Upper abdominal operation history, diabetes mellitus, preoperative hemoglobin<90 g/L and PPPD are associated with DGE after PD independently. The preoperative assessment of a patient′s prognostic for DGE after PD is feasible. The model is a valid tool to take precautions against DGE after PD.

Objective To study the delayed gastric emptying for patients underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy and standard Whipple procedure.Methods Clinical data of 401 consecutive patients who underwent standard Whipple procedure/pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy between January 2012 and July 2016 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Using the independent-samples t test,x2 test or Fisher's exact test,Mann-Whitney test and other statistical methods to compare the postoperative complications between pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy and standard Whipple procedure group.Results Compare with standard Whipple procedure group,delayed gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy occurred in 8 of 35 patients (22.9％),obviously higher than it after standard Whipple procedure occurred in 40 of 366 patients (10.9％) (P =0.038).Other postoperative complications were not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05).Each level of delayed gastric emptying after pyloruspreserving pancreaticoduodenectomy and standard Whipple procedure were not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05),but the average recovery time of delayed gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (12.13 ± 3.09) d was obviously shorter than it after standard Whipple procedure (17.28 ± 9.63) d (P =0.009).Conclusions Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy increases the risk of delayed gastric emptying,but it does not increase severity delayed gastric emnptying by each level.The recovery time of delayed gastric after pyloruspreserving pancreaticoduodenectomy is shorter.

Objective To investigate enteral or parenteral nutrition therapy effects in the aspects of patients' postoperative nutrition status,incidence of complications and health economics indicators of pancreatic head carcinoma or periampullary carcinoma patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods The clinical data of patients underwent PD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2010 to August 2015 were collected.According to different postoperative nutrition therapy,patients were divided into parenteral followed enteral nutrition group (treatment group) and parenteral nutrition group (control group).Observed indicators such as postoperative nutrition status,liver and kidney function,incidence of complications,length and total cost of hospitalization were assessed.Results This study enrolled 207 cases in treatment group and 92 cases in control group.There was no significant difference in preoperative NRS scores,surgical procedures,pathology and other preoperative clinical indicators (P ＞ 0.05).Postoperative bilirubin reduction(△TB1.10) in treatment group versus control group had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with postoperative Day 1,the prealbumin level of Day 7 and Day 10 in treatment group recovered rapidly than control group(△PA7.1,△PA10-1),however the differernce was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).Postoperative complications (pancreatic fistula,post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage,inna-abdominal infection,delayed gastric emptying) in treatment group and control group had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The average and median hospitalization in treatment group [(28 ± 11) d,26 d] versus control group [(32 ± 18) d,29 d] had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The total cost of hospitalization in treatment group and control group were not significantly different(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions This study indicated that postoperative parenteral followed enteral nutrition therapy could significantly enhance the recovery of liver function,shorten the length of hospitalization in patients after PD.Moreover,parenteral followed enteral nutrition therapy did not significantly increase the postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the effects and value of enhance recovery after surgery (ERAS) application in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent liver resection.Methods One hundred and seventy-two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent liver resection in the first affiliated hospital of Harbin medical university from June 2013 to June 2015,ERAS group (92 cases) and control group (80 cases) were retrospectively studied.Laboratory indicators (ALT,AST,TBIL,ALB,PA,lymphocyte count),postoperative complications,postoperative hospitalization days and total hospitalization expenses were compared between two groups.Results For postoperative liver functional indicators (ALT,AST,TBIL),ERAS group Day 1 and Day 7 were respectively (216.3±141.7) U/Land (70.1 ±29.4) U/L,(184.0±155.8) U/Land (39.1 ±17.5) U/L,(22.4± 8.7) μmol/L and (20.0 ± 7.5) μmol/L,control group were respectively (304.5 ± 226.2) U/L and (83.9 ± 48.5) U/L,(294.1 273.0) U/L and (49.2 ±33.8) U/L,(26.9 ±15.6) μmol/L and (24.6 ± 10.8) μmol/L,the difference between two groups was statistically significant (F =9.33,9.84,9.26,P ＜ 0.05).For postoperative nutritional indicators (ALB,PA),ERAS group Day 7 were respectively (35.3 ± 4.4) g/Land (136.3 ±34.1) mg/L,control group were respectively (33.6 ±4.2) g/L and (108.0 ± 32.5) mg/L,the difference was statistically significant (F =4.97,4.54,P ＜ 0.05).For postoperative immune indicators (lymphocyte count),ERAS group Day 1 and Day 7 were respectively (0.9 ±0.3) × 109/L and (1.5 ± O.5) × 109/L,control group were respectively (0.7 ± 0.3) × 109/L and (1.3 ± 0.5) × 109/L,the difference was statistically significant (F =7.37,P ＜ 0.05).For postoperative complications (hemorrhage,bile fistula,hepatic dysfunction,infection) were no statistically significant differences (P ＞ 0.05),however,ascites had statistically significant difference (x2 =7.609,P ＜ 0.05).Off bed time,postoperative exhaust time,postoperative hospitalization time and total hospitalization expense of ERAS group were respectively (1.7 ± 0.5) days,(2.3 ± 0.6) days,(9.8 ± 2.3) days,(4.6 ± O.9) × 104 RMB,control group were respectively (3.0 ± 0.7) days,(3.4 ± 0.8) days,(17.6 ± 5.8) days,(6.3 ± 2.1) × 104 RMB,the difference was statistically significant (t =13.032,10.937,11.371,7.118,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Application of ERAS in patients with HCC underwent liver resection is safe and effective.ERAS effectively reduce stress reaction of patients,promote the recovery of liver function,improve the postoperative immune and nutrition status,shorter postoperative hospitalization time,and reduce the total cost of hospitalization.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of epidural anesthesia combined with different doses ropivacaine and sufentanil for stepwise labor analgesia in latent phase.Methods Two hundred and ten ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ primiparas with a singleton and vertex presentation at full term in our hospital from February 201 5 to April 201 5 were randomized into seven groups (n =30 each):0.125% ropiva-caine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (group 1);0.075% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation < 3 cm),0.125% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation ≥ 3 cm) (group 2);0.1% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation < 3 cm),0.125% ropiv-acaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation≥3 cm)(group3);0.1 5% ropivacaine with 0.5μg/ml sufentanil (group 4);0.075% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation < 3 cm),0.1 5% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation≥ 3 cm)(group 5 );0.1%ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation<3 cm),0.1 5% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation≥3 cm)(group 6);0.125% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation<3 cm),0.1 5% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation≥3 cm) (group 7).The intensity of pain was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS).Meanwhile,1abor process,postpartum hemorrhage,Bromage score,postpartum adverse reactions and Apgar score of the neonates were also observed.Results No significant difference was found in VAS score after epi-
dural block between groups at each time.The latent period of group 2 and 3 were shorter than that in group 1 (P <0.05)and that of group 5 and 6 were shorter than that in group 4 (P <0.05);the ac-tive phase of group 4 were longer than that in group 1 (P <0.05 ).The postpartum hemorrhage of group 2 and 3 were less than that in group 1 (P <0.05),the postpartum hemorrhage of group 5,6 and 7 were more than that in group 2 (P <0.05)and group 3 (P <0.05).The motor nerve block of group 2 and 3 were slightly less than that in group 1 (P <0.05)and the motor nerve block of group 5,6 and 7 were slightly less than that in group 4 (P <0.05).There was no difference of the postpar-tum adverse reactions of maternal and Apgar score in the neonates.Conclusion The dosage of 0.075% or 0.1% ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation < 3 cm),0.125% ropiv-acaine with 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil (cervical dilatation ≥ 3 cm),while producing the exact analgesic effect,hardly interferes with the 1abor process,the amount of postpartum hemorrhage and the lower limb activity,thus they have no significant effect on the safety of the maternal and the infant.