Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) assessed from the renal dynamic imaging method (Gates method) with 99Tc m-diethylene triamine pentoacetic acid (DTPA) in the heart transplant population. Methods:From September 2017 to June 2018, 34 patients with advanced heart failure who were prepared for surgery (30 males, 4 females; age: (45±14) years; heart transplant group) and 41 patients with normal heart function (19 males, 22 females; age: (50±17) years; control group) in Fuwai Hospital were respectively enrolled. GFRs of all patients were measured using Gates method (gGFR) and dual plasma sample method (DPSM; dGFR) with 99Tc m-DTPA. The accuracy of Gates method for detecting GRF was verified by using DPSM as the reference. Seventeen patients in heart transplant group underwent 99Tc m-DTPA renal dynamic imaging for Gates and DPSM results repeatedly after the surgery. The single kidney (left and right) functions (dGFRL and dGFRR) of DPSM were obtained according to the results of Gates method. Pearson correlation analysis and paired t test were used to analyze the data. Results:The gGFR in heart transplant group was higher than dGFR ((66.49±15.66) vs (49.16±13.24) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2; t=6.728, P<0.01), and there was a moderate correlation between them ( r=0.467, P<0.01). No difference between gGFR and dGFR in control group was observed ((65.35±26.28) vs (62.22±21.37) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2; t=1.268, P=0.212), and there was a good correlation between them ( r=0.799, P<0.01). The difference between 2 correlation coefficients was statistically significant ( z=-2.44, P<0.05). Serum creatinine decreased, while dGFR, dGFRL and dGFRR increased after the surgery, suggesting the improved renal function. Conclusions:The renal dynamic imaging method (Gates method) with 99Tc m-DTPA has less accuracy in the heart transplant patients. Combination of DPSM and Gates method can provide the precise total GFR and assess single kidney GFR, and may serve as a tool to monitor the renal function for the heart transplant patients in clinic.

Objective To observe the metabolic changes of subcortical structures in children with intractable epilepsy using 18 F-FDG PET/CT,and to investigate the mechanism of subcortical structure involvement in epileptic seizures and its clinical significance.Methods Features of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in 611 intractable epilepsy children were analyzed.The metabolic changes of cortex and subcortical structures (basal ganglia,thalamus and cerebellum) were observed.The children were divided into three groups (young,middle and older groups) according to age,also mild group and severe group according to the number of involved lobar,respectively.The incidence of metabolic abnormalities in subcortical structures of different groups were analyzed.Results Among 611 children,unilateral cortical metabolic abnormality was found in 525,and bilateral cortical metabolic abnormalities were found in 86 children.The involvement of subcortical structures was detected in 190 children,including basal ganglia (n=64),thalamus (n=113) and cerebellum (n=105).The incidence of metabolic abnormality in subcortical structures under different age groups was not statistically different (all P＞ 0.05),while the incidence of metabolic abnormality in subcortical structures of severe group was significantly higher than that of mild group (all P＜0.001).Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT might be able to detect the metabolic abnormalities of subcortical structures,therefore indicating the involvement of cerebral cortex.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of metabolic foci on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT scan in pediatric patients with epilepsy.Methods Twenty-three pediatric patients (15 males,8 females,age range:0.5-13.3 years) with epilepsy were retrospectively reviewed from March 2014 to December 2016.All patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and metabolic foci were found.The visual method and semi-quantitative analysis were used to analyze images.Fourteen of them underwent surgery and were followed up for 3-24 months.Results Glucose hypermetabolism were observed most frequently in the frontal and parietal lobes,with or without surrounding/remote hypometabolism.On the day of PET/CT imaging,8 patients had no seizures,14 patients had seizures,and 1 patient was uncertain.The sites of resection were consistent with the regions of hypermetabolism in 9 patients,among whom the pathological results showed 8 cortical malformations and 1 Rasmussen's syndrome.Follow-up results for the above 9 patients showed that there was 7 Engel class Ⅰ patients and 2 Engel class Ⅲ patients.Conclusion The hypermetabolism may mostly appear in the frontal and parietal lobes of pediatric patients with epilepsy,and malformations of cortical development seem to be the most common pathology results.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of 18 F?FDG PET/CT in staging multiple myeloma ( MM) and evaluating the glucose metabolic activity of MM. Methods A total of 25 MM patients ( 13 males, 12 females, age:39-67 years) from May 2010 to April 2015 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The SUVmax of each patient was recorded. D?S plus staging according to 18 F?FDG PET/CT was com?pared with the traditional D?S staging. The SUVmax and the percentage of plasmacytes of bone marrow of phase Ⅲ and non?phase Ⅲ ( phaseⅠand Ⅱ) according to D?S plus staging were compared. Two?sample t test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to analyze the data. Results In 25 MM patients, the range of SUVmax of lesions was 1.8-12?0 and the mean value was 5.15±2.74. According to D?S staging, the numbers of patients with phase Ⅰ,Ⅱ andⅢwere 7, 4 and 14, respectively. While the numbers were 3, 1 and 21 by D?S plus staging. Based on the D?S plus staging system, stages of 7 patients ( 28%, 7/25 ) were changed. According to the D?S plus staging system, the SUVmax between phaseⅢand non?phaseⅢpatients was significantly different (5.75±2.54 vs 3.00±0?70; t=2.12, P<0.05), while the percentage of plasma?cytes of bone marrow between the 2 groups had no significant difference ( 17. 50%( 4. 25%-41. 75%) vs 11?15%(10.25%-36.57%);z=0.05, P>0.05). Conclusion 18F?FDG PET/CT is of clinical importance for MM staging and metabolic activity assessment of MM.

Objective To explore a surgical method for the treatment of lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis by combination of one-stage focus debridement with anterolateral incision, bone graft fusion with titanium mesh cage and internal fixation with double pedicle crew system.Methods From Sep.2009 to Dec.2012, a total of 8 patients with lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis which included 5 cases of male, 3 cases of female.The age ranged from 20 to 65 years, with a mean of 51.6 years.All patients presented with persistent back pain, 4 patients with radiating pain of unilateral lower limb, 3 with weakness and numbness and 5 with constitutional symptoms including low-grade fever and weight loss.All patients were not associated with active tuberculosis in oth er parts of the body.The patients were given regular anti-TB treatment for at least 4 weeks.By anterolateral incision, common iliac and iliac arteries and veins were dissociated extraperitoneally.The focus was completely debrided through the inferior part of vessels.Then the bone graft fusion was performed with the titanium mesh cage and the internal fixation with a double pedicle crew system was accomplished.After the surgery, patients were treated with continuous anti-TB drugs and with antibiotics to prevent infection.Patients were allowed to move with the protection of waist early and regular follow-up.Results Operation time was 180-360 min, with an average of 225 min.Operative blood loss was 624 ml and drainage volume was 150 ml on average.All cases were cured after surgery.No severe complications were observed during the surgeries.After follow-up of 8 to 30 months (averaged 12months), no recurrence of the tuberculosis was found.The lumbocrural pain improved in all the patients.Complications such as migration, loosening and breaking of the implants were not observed.The vertebral bodies were fused in all patients with an average time of 8.3 months.No case occurred angiemphraxis or internal bleeding.Conclusion The method debrids the focus of lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis thoroughly and implements titanium mesh cage and double pedicle crew system simultaneously.The pedicle screw system is implemented in anterior lumbosacral vertebrae through the inferior part of iliac arteries and veins, which will not lead to angiemphraxis or vascular injuries.The early term outcome is encouraging.This technique is safe and effective to treat severe lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( PET/CT) in fever of unknown origin ( FUO) in a Chinese hospital .Methods:The records of 51 patients with FUO (32 men and 19 women;mean age 54 years with a range between 3 and 81 years) were analyzed retrospectively .All the patients were examined by 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan and the results were compared with the final diagnosis which was established by additional procedures including pathology , laboratory examination , and clinical follow-up for more than 3 months.The t test was used for statistical analysis .Results: A final diagnosis was established for 48 patients , including 32 patients with infectious diseases , 9 with malignancies , and 7 with non-infectious inflammatory diseases .By FDG PET scan alone , the rates of true positive , false positive , false negative, and true negative were 52.9%, 27.5%, 17.6%, and 2.0%, respectively.By FDG PET/CT scan, the rates of true positive, false positive, false negative, and true negative were 70.6%, 27.5%, 2.0%, and 0, respectively.18F-PET/CT had a sensitivity of 97.3%(36/37), specificity of 0 (0/14), and accuracy of 70.6%(36/51) in FUO, especially a high sensitivity and accuracy of 100%(9/9) in the diagnosis of malignant tumor .Moreover , the maximum standardized uptake value ( SUVmax ) in tumor was significant higher than that in infection (3.7 ±2.7 vs.7.7 ±3.5, P=0.001, t=3.6), which implied that SUVmax might be useful in differential diagnosis in FUO .Conclusion:FDG PET/CT is a valuable imaging tool for the identification and location of the potential lesion in FUO and is helpful for the etiological diagnosis , especially in the diagnosis of malignant lesions .

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of delayed parenchymal transit time (PTT) on 99TcmDTPA diuretic renography as a predictor for functional improvement after Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).Methods Forty-seven patients (37males,10 females,age (29.7± 10.8) years) with unilateral U PJO were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent 99Tcm-DTPA diuretic renography before and after the surgery.Patient age,sex,UPJO location,surgical methods,relative renal function (RRF) of the diseased kidney (uptake ratio of UPJO kidney to both kidneys),and PTT were recorded.Delayed PTT was defined as having one of the following criteria: (1) photopenic pelvis between the second and seventh frame; (2) relatively stable tracer distribution within the kidney between the second to ninth frame with nearly unchanged kidney shape and size; (3) ever increasing activity in the parenchyma; (4) slower clearance from the parenchyma into the pelvis since the second frame compared with the contralateral healthy kidney.The relationship between the above-mentioned factors and RRF improvement (RRFpvst-surgery,-RRFpre-sugery) was analyzed.Paired t test,Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney rank sum tests and Pearson correlation analysis were used.Results The average RRF of pre-and post-surgery was (40.70± 13.30) ％ and (44.96 ± 12.60) ％,respectively (t =4.19,P ＜ 0.01).RRF improvement between the delayed group (n=16) and normal timely PTT group (n=27) was significantly different: ((11.69±6.52) ％ vs (0.48±2.98) ％,Z=-5.13,P＜0.01).The assessment of delayed or normal PTT could not be determined in 4 patients.No statistically significant differences of RRF improvement were found between pre-surgery RRF ＜ 40％ and RRF ≥ 40％ groups,between left and right UPJO groups,between open surgery and laparoscope groups,between male and female patients (Z =-1.93 to 1.25,all P＞0.05).There was no significant correlation between RRF improvement and patient age (r =0.01,P＞0.05).Conclusion Delayed PTT on 99Tcm-DTPA diuretic renography might be the predictor for functional improvement post surgery in UPJO patients.

Objective To assess the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in clinical classification,monitoring of chemotherapeutic response and surveillance of histopathological transformation of Castleman's disease (CD).Methods Fourteen pathologically diagnosed CD patients (7 males,7 females; mean age:(45.64±14.30) years) were retrospectively reviewed.18F-FDG PET/CT was performed before chemotherapy in all patients and 4 of 14 patients were reexamined after the treatment.The study parameters included histopathological results,sites,number and highest SUVmax of the lesions.Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis.Results Of all the 12 patients without histopathological transformation,one or more enlarged and metabolically active lymph nodes were found in each patient (SUVmax =3.94± 1.44,range:1.9-6.8),including 2 unicentric CD (UCD) and 10 multicentric CD (MCD).There was no statistically significant difference of SUVmam between UCD and MCD (4.55±3.18 vs 3.82±1.14; Z=0.22,P＞0.05).There was also no significant difference of SUVmax among different pathological types (hyaline-vascular CD (4/12):3.56±0.96,plasma cell CD (6/12):4.73±1.41,mixed CD (2/12):2.30±0.57; x2 =4.74,P＞0.05).For the 4 patients with follow-up PET/CT after chemotherapy,the lesion activity was normalized in 3 patients and clearly reduced in 1 patient.The SUVmax of 2 patients with histopathological transformation (10.85±2.05) was significantly higher than that without transformation (3.94± 1.44; Z=-2.19,P＜0.05).Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT may play an important role in clinical classification,monitoring of chemotherapeutic response and surveillance of histopathological transformation of CD.