OBJECTIVE To investigate the stability and compatibility of butorphanol， nicardipine， urapidil， and tirofiban. METHODS A micro-infusion pump was used to simulate the infusion process. Samples were collected in real time from the needle tip at 0， 2， 4， 6， and 8 h after mixing of the four drugs. The appearance， pH， and number of insoluble particles were examined. The contents of butorphanol， nicardipine， urapidil， and tirofiban were determined using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method. RESULTS Within 8 hours， all mixed solutions remained clear and transparent， with no visible turbidity， precipitation， color change， or gas generation. The pH fluctuation ranged from 0.02 to 0.09， both within 0.1 pH units. The number of insoluble particles ≥10 μm in size in each compatibility solution was ≤9， and the number of insoluble particles ≥25 μm was ≤2， meeting the requirements of the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia （Volume Ⅳ）. The relative percentage contents of butorphanol， nicardipine， urapidil， and tirofiban at 8 hours after compatibility mixing ranged from 92.38% to 113.40%. CONCLUSIONS Within 8 hours under simulated clinical micro-infusion pump infusion conditions， the stability and compatibility of the mixed solution containing butorphanol， nicardipine， urapidil， and tirofiban were satisfactory.

Objective In order to provide a better reference and basis for the selection of reasonable hypoglycemic drugs for clinical treatment,the study conducted a comprehensive clinical evaluation of the innovator sodium-glucose transporters 2(SGLT-2)inhibitors,based on A Quick Guideline for Drug Evaluation and Selection in Chinese Medical Institutions(the Second Edition).Methods The real-world studies,randomized controlled trials,Meta-analysis/systematic review,drug clinical use guidelines,expert consensus and drug description evaluation evidence were collected,and the included drugs were assigned and evaluated from five dimensions:pharmaceutical characteristics,efficacy,safety,economy and other attributes.Results All SGLT-2 inhibitors had evaluation scores above 75,with dagaglifloztin tablets having the highest score of 84.6,and canaglifloztin having the lowest score of 75.1.Conclusions All five original SGLT-2 inhibitors showed good clinical utility,the difference is that the participating original drugs have different advantageous intervals in clinical use.The results show that dagliflozin has the most ideal clinical utility,and its clinical use should be safer and more effective.Due to the short time on the market and insufficient evidence-based reasons,the advantages of clinical use of proline hemegliflozin are not obvious compared with other evaluated drugs.

Objective In order to provide a better reference and basis for the selection of reasonable hypoglycemic drugs for clinical treatment,the study conducted a comprehensive clinical evaluation of the innovator sodium-glucose transporters 2(SGLT-2)inhibitors,based on A Quick Guideline for Drug Evaluation and Selection in Chinese Medical Institutions(the Second Edition).Methods The real-world studies,randomized controlled trials,Meta-analysis/systematic review,drug clinical use guidelines,expert consensus and drug description evaluation evidence were collected,and the included drugs were assigned and evaluated from five dimensions:pharmaceutical characteristics,efficacy,safety,economy and other attributes.Results All SGLT-2 inhibitors had evaluation scores above 75,with dagaglifloztin tablets having the highest score of 84.6,and canaglifloztin having the lowest score of 75.1.Conclusions All five original SGLT-2 inhibitors showed good clinical utility,the difference is that the participating original drugs have different advantageous intervals in clinical use.The results show that dagliflozin has the most ideal clinical utility,and its clinical use should be safer and more effective.Due to the short time on the market and insufficient evidence-based reasons,the advantages of clinical use of proline hemegliflozin are not obvious compared with other evaluated drugs.

Objective To prepare human SET8 monoclonal antibody and explore its effects on the proliferation,apoptosis,and cell cycle of hepatoma cells,and to evaluate its anti-tumor effect in mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods We immunized mice with human SET8 polypeptide fragment and screened and fused B cells and myeloma cells to establish a hybridoma cell line that stably secreted SET8 monoclonal antibody.Production was expanded by intraperitoneal injection into mice and the collection and purification of ascites.We investigated the effects of SET8 monoclonal antibody on the proliferation,apoptosis,cell cycle,and apoptosis-related protein expression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by CCK-8,flow cytometry,and Western blot,respectively.Finally,we constructed a mouse model of human hepatocellular carcinoma by cell transplantation to evaluate the inhibitory effect of SET8 monoclonal antibody on tumor growth in vivo.Results Human SET8 monoclonal antibody significantly inhibited the viability of Huh-7 and Mahlavu hepatoma cells at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL,in a concentration-dependent manner(P＜0.05).Flow cytometry analysis showed that SET8 monoclonal antibody,paclitaxel,and their combination significantly increased the apoptosis rate of Mahlavu cells compared with the blank control group,with the combination group having the greatest effect(P＜0.05).SET8 monoclonal antibody also induced Mahlavu cell cycle arrest in S and G2 phases and reduced G1 phase cells.Western blot analysis showed that the monoclonal antibody increased the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Caspase-3(P＜0.05).SET8 monoclonal antibody,alone or in combination with paclitaxel,also effectively inhibited the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in nude mice,with the combination therapy having the most significant effect(P＜0.05).Conclusions The prepared human SET8 monoclonal antibody effectively inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells,and showed good anti-tumor effects in mice.

Objective To prepare human SET8 monoclonal antibody and explore its effects on the proliferation,apoptosis,and cell cycle of hepatoma cells,and to evaluate its anti-tumor effect in mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods We immunized mice with human SET8 polypeptide fragment and screened and fused B cells and myeloma cells to establish a hybridoma cell line that stably secreted SET8 monoclonal antibody.Production was expanded by intraperitoneal injection into mice and the collection and purification of ascites.We investigated the effects of SET8 monoclonal antibody on the proliferation,apoptosis,cell cycle,and apoptosis-related protein expression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by CCK-8,flow cytometry,and Western blot,respectively.Finally,we constructed a mouse model of human hepatocellular carcinoma by cell transplantation to evaluate the inhibitory effect of SET8 monoclonal antibody on tumor growth in vivo.Results Human SET8 monoclonal antibody significantly inhibited the viability of Huh-7 and Mahlavu hepatoma cells at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL,in a concentration-dependent manner(P＜0.05).Flow cytometry analysis showed that SET8 monoclonal antibody,paclitaxel,and their combination significantly increased the apoptosis rate of Mahlavu cells compared with the blank control group,with the combination group having the greatest effect(P＜0.05).SET8 monoclonal antibody also induced Mahlavu cell cycle arrest in S and G2 phases and reduced G1 phase cells.Western blot analysis showed that the monoclonal antibody increased the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Caspase-3(P＜0.05).SET8 monoclonal antibody,alone or in combination with paclitaxel,also effectively inhibited the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in nude mice,with the combination therapy having the most significant effect(P＜0.05).Conclusions The prepared human SET8 monoclonal antibody effectively inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells,and showed good anti-tumor effects in mice.

Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of HEMO-FISS-QoL(HF-QoL) questionnaire (HF-QoL-C) in the Chinese population with hemorrhoids.Methods:From November 2021 to November 2022, a self-constructed general information questionnaire, HF-QoL-C, and the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36), Goligher classification, and Giordano severity of hemorrhoid symptom questionnaire (GSQ) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 760 hemorrhoid patients in the anorectal department of six hospitals. The data was analyzed for reliability and validity using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 26.0 software.Results:The Cronbach's α coefficient of HF-QoL-C and its dimension ranged from 0.831 to 0.960, and the split coefficient was 0.832-0.915. Four common factors were extracted through principal component exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable structural validity( χ2/ df=8.152, RSMEA=0.097, CFI=0.881, IFI=0.881, NFI=0.867). HF-QoL-C was correlated with SF36 and GSQ( r=-0.694, 0.501, both P<0.01). There were differences in the total score and dimensional scores of HF-QoL-C between surgical and drug treated patients, different grades of Goligher classification for hemorrhoidal disease, and different ranges of hemorrhoid prolapse (all P<0.001). No ceiling effect was found in the total score and the scores of each dimension(0.3%-2.0%). There was a floor effect in both psychological function and sexual activity dimensions (16.7%, 35.1%). Conclusion:HF-QoL-C has good reliability and validity, which can be used to measure the quality of life of Chinese hemorrhoid patients.

Objective To investigate the current situation of preoperative nursing trust in total knee replacement patients and analyze the influencing factors.Methods Using convenience sampling method,138 patients who underwent total knee ar-throplasty in our department from October 2020 to September 2021 were selected as the research objects.The patients were inves-tigated by general information questionnaire,nurse-patient relationship trust scale(NPTs),self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and knee American Special Surgery scale(HSS),to explore the current situation and influencing factors of patient-nurse trust in pa-tients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Results The total score of preoperative trust of patients(136.75±7.93);Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation with total anxiety score(r =-0.419,P＜0.01)and no correlation with knee function score(r=0.063,P＞0.05).The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that the educational level,previous experience of hospitalization,and preoperative anxiety entered the regression equation(P＜0.05)explained 66.9% of the total variation.Conclusion In this group,the trust between nurses and patients in patients undergoing total knee arthroplas-ty is at the upper middle level,and is affected by education level,previous hospitalization experience and preoperative anxiety.Nurses should focus on patients with low education level,no previous hospitalization experience and high anxiety level,and carry out targeted intervention for theme,so as to reduce postoperative anxiety and improve postoperative function,Promote doctor-pa-tient relationship,reduce medical disputes and help patients recover as soon as possible.

Objective We aimed to observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Compound Congrong Yizhi Capsule in subjects with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods A total of 65 subjects with mild to moderate AD who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from February 2023 to February 2024 were selected and divided into the Compound Congrong Yizhi Capsule group (40 cases) and the Donepezil Hydrochloride group (25 cases) for a 6-month treatment. The primary outcome measures included the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) score and Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) score. Secondary outcome measures included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),Activities of Daily Living (ADL),Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT),Trail Making Test (TMT),Verbal Fluency Test (VFT),Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT),Digital Span Test (DST),Clock Drawing Test (CDT),and Boston Naming Test (BNT) scores,as well as clinical biochemical indicators including blood lipids,blood glucose,liver and kidney function. Results Compared with the Donepezil Hydrochloride group after treatment,subjects in the Compound Congrong Yizhi Capsule group showed an increase in ADAS-Cog and AVLT-total scores,and a decrease in MMSE,Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Copy Test,and CDT scores (P<0.05). Additionally,there was an increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels,and a decrease in indirect bilirubin (IBIL) levels (P<0.05).Conclusion Compound Congrong Yizhi Capsule exerts a regulatory effect on cognitive function in subjects with AD,especially in the cognitive domains of episodic memory and visual-spatial processing ability. It also improves certain clinical indicators such as ALT,BUN,TBIL,and IBIL. This suggests that the early intervention with Compound Congrong Yizhi Capsule in AD can effectively improve symptoms,delay disease progression,and fully embody the concept of traditional Chinese medicine's preventive approach to illness.

Objective:To investigate the effect of myogenic differentiation protein 1(Myod1)on the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of the SH-SY5Y cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD),and to elucidate its mechanism.Methods:Real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the mRNA levels of Myod1 and long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)small nucleolar RNA host gene 15(SNHG15)in peripheral blood of the subjects in normal group and the patients in ischemic cerebral infarction group as well as the normal cultured SH-SY5Y cells(control group)and the cells in OGD model(OGD group).After transfecting SH-SY5Y cells with si-Myod1,pcDNA3.0-Myod1,si-SNHG15,pcDNA3.0-SNHG15、si-NC,Vector,miR-NC,and miR-24-3p mimics,the cells were treated with OGD,and then the SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group,OGD group,OGD+Vector group,OGD+Myod1 group,OGD+si-NC group,OGD+si-Myod1 group,OGD+si-SNHG15 group,OGD+si-SNHG15+Vector group,OGD+si-SNHG15+Myod1 group,OGD+miR-NC group,OGD+miR-mimics group,OGD+miR-mimics+Vector group,and OGD+miR-mimics+SNHG15 group.CCK-8 method was used to detect the cell activities in various groups;5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU)staining was used to detect the rates of EDU positive cells in various groups;the rates of TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)positive cells in various groups were detected by TUNEL staining;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3,cleaved caspase-9,B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)and Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax)proteins in the cells in various groups;the association between Myod1 and SNHG15 was evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitate(CHIP);dual luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to evaluate the targeting relationships between Myod1 and SNHG15 as well as SNHG15 and miR-24-3p.Results:Compared with normal control group,the expression levels of Myod1 and SNHG15 mRNA in peripheral blood of the patients in ischemic cerebral infarction group were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with control group,the expression levels of Myod1 and SNHG15 mRNA in the SH-SY5Y cells in OGD group were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with OGD group,the cell activities and rates of EdU positive cells in OGD+Myod1 group at 48 and 72 h were decreased(P＜0.01),and the rates of TUNEL positive cells were increased(P＜0.05);the cell activities and rates of EdU positive cells in OGD+si-Myod1 group were increased(P＜0.05),while the rates of TUNEL positive cells were decreased(P＜0.01).Myod1 binded to the promoter sequence of SNHG15.SNHG15 could absorb miR-24-3p,and there were target relatronships between Myod1 and SNHG15 as well as SNHG15 and miR-24-3p.After SNHG15 knockdown,compared with OGD group,the cell activities and rates of EdU positive cells in OGD+si-SNHG15 group at 48 and 72 h were increased(P＜0.01),and the rates of TUNEL positive cells were decreased(P＜0.01),the expression levels of Bax,cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 proteins were decreased(P＜0.01),and the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein were increased(P＜0.01).Compared with OGD+si-SNHG15 group,the cell activities and rates of EdU positive cells in OGD+si-SNHG15+Myod1 group at 48 and 72 h were decreased(P＜0.05),the rates of TUNEL positive cells were(P＜0.05),the expression levels of Bax,cleaved caspase-3,and cleaved caspase-9 proteins were increased(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of Bcl-2 were decreased(P＜0.05).After over-expression of miR-24-3p and SNHG15,compared with OGD group,the cell activities and rates of EdU positive cells in OGD+miR-mimics group at 48 and 72 h were increased(P＜0.01),the rates of TUNEL positive cells were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),the protein expression levels of Bax,cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were decreased(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of Bcl-2 were increased(P＜0.01).Compared with OGD+miR-mimics group,the cell activities and rates of EdU positive cells in OGD+miR-mimics+SNHG15 group at 48 and 72 h were decreased(P＜0.05),and the rates of TUNEL positive cells were increased(P＜0.05),the expression levels of Bax,cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 proteins were increased(P＜0.05),and the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein were decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Myod1 can promote the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of OGD-induced SH-SY5Y cells by binding to the SNHG15 promoter region and then absorbing miRNA-24.

In non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),as an improtant oncogenic driver gene,epidermal growth factor receptor exon 20 insertion(EGFR ex20ins)has a unique protein structure and is primarily drug-resistant to tradi-tional EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs).In recent years,exploration of targeted therapy for EGFR ex20ins has never stopped.Firstly Mobocertinib and Amivantamab obtained approval from U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for EGFR ex20ins mutant NSCLC patients,then other drugs,such as Sunvozertinib,made breakthroughs and combination therapies also obtained gains.Multi-pronged measures are hopeful to overcome EGFR ex20ins drug resistance.As men-tioned above,it's definitely important to gain deeper understanding of molecular mechanism of EGFR ex20ins and assess ef-fect and difference between novel drugs.This review is devoted to make a summary about newest achievement so to provide valuable reference about precise therapy for patients with EGFR ex20ins.