Objective To investigate the regulation of synaptic plasticity by cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1R)and its effects on autism spectrum disorder(ASD)-like behavior.Methods CB1R-knockout(KO)mice and valproic acid(VPA)-induced ASD model mice(VPA mice)were used as study subjects.Behavioral experiments were used to assess the effects of CB1R on ASD-like behavior in mice,neuronal structural integrity and dendritic density were detected by microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP2)staining experiments,and the expression of synapse-associated proteins was detected by Western blot,to assess the effects of CB1R on synaptic plasticity.Results Behavioral result showed that VPA mice demonstrated significant ASD-like behavior,while CB1R-/-mice spent a significantly smaller proportion of residence time in the central region of the open field(P＜0.0001),showed significant increases in the number of marbles buried and self-grooming time(P＜0.01),significantly less time spent socializing with unfamiliar mice 2 and exploring unfamiliar objects(P＜0.001),and significantly more time exploring old objects(P＜0.05).The relative dwelling time was significantly reduced in CB1R+/-mice(P＜0.001),and the number of marbles buried and self-grooming time were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Synaptic plasticity assays revealed significant synaptic plasticity impairment in VPA mice.Hippocampal MAP2-positive neuron densities were significantly reduced in CB1R-/-and CB1R+/-mice,and expression levels of synapsin-1 were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Conclusions CB1R KO leads to ASD-like behavior such as anxiety and repetitive stereotyped behavior,social and cognitive impairments,as well as neuronal damage,dendritic dysplasia and disrupted synaptic protein expression in mice,suggesting that CB1R is involved in regulating synaptic plasticity as a pathological mechanism for the development of ASD-like behavior.

Objective:To study the characteristics of soil microbial composition in sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas, and explore potential zoonotic pathogen species.Methods:Using cross-sectional survey method, soil samples from sheep sheds in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Darhan-Muminggan Joint County, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were collected from August to October 2023. Genomic DNA was extracted, and metagenomic second-generation sequencing was conducted. Microbial species annotation was carried out by Kaiju method, and the soil microbial composition and zoonotic pathogen species of sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas were analyzed.Results:A total of 10 and 5 soil samples were collected from sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas, respectively. The results of β diversity analysis showed that there was a significant separation trend in soil samples from sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas, and the interpretation of principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) 1 and PCoA2 were 27.8% and 17.4%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the microbial composition of soil samples from sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas ( R = 0.09, P = 0.242). At the phylum level, the dominant bacterial phyla were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the dominant bacterial genera were Corynebacterium, Luteimonas, Atopostipes, and Salinicoccus. A variety of zoonotic pathogens were detected, including Brucella melitensis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Clostridium tetani in 15 soil samples. Conclusion:The soil microorganisms in sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas are diverse, and zoonotic pathogens such as Brucella melitensis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Clostridium tetani are detected.

Objective To investigate the role of long non-coding RNA-small nucleolar RNA host gene 3(lncRNA-Snhg3)and its regulatory mechanism in the hepatic glucose metabolism of mice.Methods Adenovirus Snhg3 was over-expressed by the tail vein injection in db/db mice,and then glucose tolerance and pyruvate tolerance were meas-ured.The mRNA expression of mouse liver gluconeogenesis-related genes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(Pepck)and glucose-6-phosphatase(G6pc)and stress-inducing protein 2(Sestrin2,Sesn2,a gene adjacent to Snhg3)were de-tected by RT-qPCR.The dual luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the effect of Snhg3 on the Sesn2 promoter activity in 293T cells.Results Snhg3 over-expression improved glucose tolerance and pyruvate tolerance in db/db mice.Snhg3 over-expression inhibited the mRNA of gluconeogenesis genes of Pepck(P＜0.05)and G6pc(P＜0.05),while promoted the mRNA of Sesn2(P＜0.01).Meanwhile,Snhg3 over-expression promoted Sesn2 promoter activity in 293T cells(P＜0.05).Conclusions Snhg3 improves glucose metabolism in mice by promoting Sestrin2 expression.

Objective:To study the characteristics of soil microbial composition in sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas, and explore potential zoonotic pathogen species.Methods:Using cross-sectional survey method, soil samples from sheep sheds in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Darhan-Muminggan Joint County, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were collected from August to October 2023. Genomic DNA was extracted, and metagenomic second-generation sequencing was conducted. Microbial species annotation was carried out by Kaiju method, and the soil microbial composition and zoonotic pathogen species of sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas were analyzed.Results:A total of 10 and 5 soil samples were collected from sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas, respectively. The results of β diversity analysis showed that there was a significant separation trend in soil samples from sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas, and the interpretation of principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) 1 and PCoA2 were 27.8% and 17.4%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the microbial composition of soil samples from sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas ( R = 0.09, P = 0.242). At the phylum level, the dominant bacterial phyla were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the dominant bacterial genera were Corynebacterium, Luteimonas, Atopostipes, and Salinicoccus. A variety of zoonotic pathogens were detected, including Brucella melitensis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Clostridium tetani in 15 soil samples. Conclusion:The soil microorganisms in sheep sheds in agricultural and pastoral areas are diverse, and zoonotic pathogens such as Brucella melitensis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Clostridium tetani are detected.

Objective To explore the biosynthesis of Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry triterpenoid saponin,and the UGT gene in Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry has been analyzed by the identification of whole genome,genome and prokaryotic expression.Methods The laboratory self-tested sequenced protein sequence files of the Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry genome were used.To validate the conserved domains of the sequence of the Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry UGT gene,BLASTP and hmmsearch were utilized.Prot-Param,SOMPA,MAGA7.0,Tbtools and other tools were used to investigate the protein physicochemical properties,protein structure,and covariance analysis of the Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry UGT gene family,and using the joint analysis of transcriptomic data and metabolomics data,two glycosyltransferases that might be related to triterpene saponin biosynthesis were screened,and expression vectors were constructed for prokaryotic expression.Results 44 Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry UGT genes were identified from the Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry genome.The length of Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry UGT proteins ranged from 49 to 1083 amino acids,with an average molecular weight of 24.86 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.31-8.59.Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry UGT gene family was distributed on eight chromosomes.The phylogenetic tree constructed from the sequences of Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry,Arabidopsis thaliana and identified UGTs showed that glycosyltransferase gene families in Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry were mainly in the UGT73,UGT81,UGT85,and UGT80 families.Cis-acting element analysis showed that light-responsive elements were the most prevalent elements in the promoter regions of UGT gene family members.Two glycosyltransferases potentially related to triterpene saponin biosynthesis were screened using combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis,and were successfully expressed in prokaryotic form.Conclusion In this study,two candidate genes related to the biosynthesis of Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry triterpenoid saponins were jointly screened for prokaryotic expression using multi-omics,and were subjected to prokaryotic expression for further validation of the function of the genes.

Diabetic kidney disease(DKD),a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus,remains a leading cause of end-stage renal disease.Recent research has identified lipophagy,a novel mechanism in DKD pathogenesis,drawing increasing attention in the field.This paper explores the biological connotation of the"internal heat leading to Zheng"pathogenesis based on lipophagy.The study proposes that lipophagy represents the microscopic biological correlation of liver-spleen coordination in regulating spleen transport and the ascending-descending dynamics of the middle jiao.Under persistent hyperglycemia,the suppression of lipophagic activity mirrors the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pathophysiological process described as"excessive fire consuming healthy qi,"whereas aberrant lipid accumulation in the kidney corresponds to the dynamic aggregation and dispersion of micro-zhengjia.Lipotoxicity,a key driver of DKD progression,is interpreted as the biological manifestation of accumulated turbidity transforming into toxicity,resulting in progressive impairment of renal essence and function.The dynamic process of lipophagy dysfunction under hyperglycemia,marked by renal microangiopathy,glomerular and tubular dysfunction,and renal fibrosis,closely mirrors the pathological evolution of"micro-zhengjia"and"internal heat leading to Zheng."Consequently,TCM strategies for DKD prevention and treatment should emphasize heat regulation,stage-specific interventions,liver-spleen harmonization,metabolic modulation,early collateral protection,and blood-activating approaches.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes. "Internal heat leading to zheng" is the core pathogenesis of DKD, while "glucose toxicity" is transformed from subtle substances through "internal heat" and the cementation of various pathological products, which is pivotal to the transformation of diabetes to DKD. "Glucose toxicity" is characterized by deep and widespread heat, caused by various pathological factors, and its sticky nature makes it difficult to resolve, which can cause severe damage to the kidney collaterals. In the early stage of "glucose toxicity", it is yang pathogen, which can be transformed into yin pathogen in the later stage with disease progression. In clinical practice, treatment should be based on disease staging, with attention on grasping the pathogenesis of "internal heat leading to zheng" and identifying the nature of "glucose toxicity". During the diabetic period, clearing heat is the primary method, often using modified Yueju Pill and Dachaihu Decoction. In the early stage of DKD, treatment primarily focuses on clearing and penetrating latent heat to treat DKD, aiming to prevent toxic heat from transitioning from qi to blood. The approach emphasizes clearing heat and re-penetrating, detoxification, and re-clearing, often using a self-made modified Qingre Xiaozheng Decoction. In the middle and late stages of DKD, the focus shifts to clearing heat, eliminating zheng, strengthening vital qi, and dispelling turbidity, with commonly used treatments including the self-made modified Xiezhuo Xiaozheng Formula, Jingui Shenqi Pill, and Zhenwu Decoction.

Diabetic kidney disease(DKD),a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus,remains a leading cause of end-stage renal disease.Recent research has identified lipophagy,a novel mechanism in DKD pathogenesis,drawing increasing attention in the field.This paper explores the biological connotation of the"internal heat leading to Zheng"pathogenesis based on lipophagy.The study proposes that lipophagy represents the microscopic biological correlation of liver-spleen coordination in regulating spleen transport and the ascending-descending dynamics of the middle jiao.Under persistent hyperglycemia,the suppression of lipophagic activity mirrors the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pathophysiological process described as"excessive fire consuming healthy qi,"whereas aberrant lipid accumulation in the kidney corresponds to the dynamic aggregation and dispersion of micro-zhengjia.Lipotoxicity,a key driver of DKD progression,is interpreted as the biological manifestation of accumulated turbidity transforming into toxicity,resulting in progressive impairment of renal essence and function.The dynamic process of lipophagy dysfunction under hyperglycemia,marked by renal microangiopathy,glomerular and tubular dysfunction,and renal fibrosis,closely mirrors the pathological evolution of"micro-zhengjia"and"internal heat leading to Zheng."Consequently,TCM strategies for DKD prevention and treatment should emphasize heat regulation,stage-specific interventions,liver-spleen harmonization,metabolic modulation,early collateral protection,and blood-activating approaches.

Objective To explore the biosynthesis of Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry triterpenoid saponin,and the UGT gene in Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry has been analyzed by the identification of whole genome,genome and prokaryotic expression.Methods The laboratory self-tested sequenced protein sequence files of the Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry genome were used.To validate the conserved domains of the sequence of the Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry UGT gene,BLASTP and hmmsearch were utilized.Prot-Param,SOMPA,MAGA7.0,Tbtools and other tools were used to investigate the protein physicochemical properties,protein structure,and covariance analysis of the Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry UGT gene family,and using the joint analysis of transcriptomic data and metabolomics data,two glycosyltransferases that might be related to triterpene saponin biosynthesis were screened,and expression vectors were constructed for prokaryotic expression.Results 44 Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry UGT genes were identified from the Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry genome.The length of Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry UGT proteins ranged from 49 to 1083 amino acids,with an average molecular weight of 24.86 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.31-8.59.Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry UGT gene family was distributed on eight chromosomes.The phylogenetic tree constructed from the sequences of Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry,Arabidopsis thaliana and identified UGTs showed that glycosyltransferase gene families in Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry were mainly in the UGT73,UGT81,UGT85,and UGT80 families.Cis-acting element analysis showed that light-responsive elements were the most prevalent elements in the promoter regions of UGT gene family members.Two glycosyltransferases potentially related to triterpene saponin biosynthesis were screened using combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis,and were successfully expressed in prokaryotic form.Conclusion In this study,two candidate genes related to the biosynthesis of Dipsacus asper Wall.ex Henry triterpenoid saponins were jointly screened for prokaryotic expression using multi-omics,and were subjected to prokaryotic expression for further validation of the function of the genes.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the changes in the mandibular canal following the treatment of large odontogenic keratocysts through decompression and curettage, providing a theoretical basis for sequential treatment. METHODS: Twenty patients were selected for each decompression and curettage treatment of large odontogenic keratocysts in the mandible. Postoperative follow-up with was conducted every three months, during which cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were performed. Then, the data were imported into MIMICS software to observe 3D changes in the position and structure of the mandibular nerve canal, followed by a comparative analysis. RESULTS: The total displacement of the mandibular canal was (1.89±0.21) mm on the decompression side and (0.80±0.19) mm on the curettage side. Vertically, the displacement range of the mandibular canal on the decompression side (M=1.03, SD=0.17) was larger than on the curettage side (M=0.52, SD=0.010) within nine months post-operation. In the buccal-lingual direction, the ratio of the thickness of the buccal plate to the lingual plate gradually increased with time. The amount of bone reconstruction at the part of the mandibular nerve canal closest to the cyst was (1.75±0.15) mm on the decompression side and (1.45±0.09) mm on the curettage side after nine months. CONCLUSIONS The mandibular nerve canal showed varying degrees of recovery and "relocation" after two surgical procedures. Osteogenesis around the mandibular nerve canal was more remarkable after decompression than after curettage. Therefore, for large odontogenic keratocyst, decompression is recommended as the initial treatment, followed by secondary curettage nine months later.
Humans ; Odontogenic Cysts/diagnostic imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Decompression, Surgical/methods* ; Mandibular Nerve/surgery* ; Mandible/innervation* ; Curettage ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged