Objective:To investigate the efficacy of posterior cranial fossa in- situ floating bone flap osteotomy in the treatment of syndromic craniosynostosis(SCS). Methods:The clinical data of SCS children who underwent posterior cranial fossa in- situ floating bone flap osteotomy at the Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from April 2020 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical procedures were as follows. The occipital bone was cut into several mosaic bone flaps of varying sizes, without peeling it off the dura, which were left as a small free floating bone flap. The anteroposterior cranial diameter, cranial height, intracranial volume, and degree of improvement in tonsillar herniation and hydrocephalus of the children (hydrocephalus quantification was performed using the ratio of the ventricular diameter to the biparietal diameter)were measured preoperatively, 7 days postoperatively, 3 months postoperatively, and at the last follow-up (at least 12 months after the operation) to evaluate the surgical outcomes. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as Mean±SD. The paired t-test was used for comparison within the repeated measurement data groups at the two time points. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the repeated measurement data at multiple time points, and pairwise comparisons in post hoc tests were corrected using the Bonferroni method. Results:A total of 17 pediatric patients with SCS were included, comprising 10 males and 7 females, with ages ranging from 4 to 18 months (mean age: 9.5 months). Among them, 12 patients were complicated with Chiari malformation and hydrocephalus (1 severe case, 8 moderate cases, and 3 mild cases). Postoperative follow-up lasted 12 to 35 months, with an average of 17 months. After surgery, the posterior cranial appearance of the children was enlarged, with increased convexity of the occiput and a full contour. At the last follow-up, the middle cranial height [(107.80±10.72) mm vs. (102.82±10.09) mm, P<0.05], the posterior cranial height [(124.91±10.40) mm vs. (107.58±13.46) mm, P<0.01] and anteroposterior diameter [(153.30±11.26) mm vs. (123.64±17.44) mm, P<0.01] as well as the intracranial volume [(1 317.92±225.77) cm 3 vs. (1 014.93±231.81) cm 3,P<0.01] were increased compared with the preoperative period, and the average improvement rate of intracranial volume was 37.0% (18.1%-79.2%). Among the 12 cases of tonsillar herniation, 7 cases had improvement. Moreover, all the 12 cases of hydrocephalus witnessed a mitigation in severity, from (46.33±9.34)% preoperatively to (35.24±9.88)% postoperatively, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Posterior cranial fossa in- situ floating bone flap osteotomy can effectively improve the appearance of patients with SCS, increase the intracranial volume, relieve the degree of hydrocephalus, and reduce the intracranial pressure.

In the context of the development of transplant oncology,it is of great clinical significance to find a drug with both antitumor and immunosuppressive effects for liver transplantation patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The antitumor effect of ginkgolic acid(GA)has been confirmed,and some studies suggest that GA may also have an immunosuppressive effect.The immunosuppressive effect of GA was evaluated by histopathology,T-cell subpopulation,and cytokine detection in rat liver transplantation and mouse cardiac transplantation models,and transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis was used to explore the underlying mechanism of the GA immunosuppressive effect.Metabolites,activation,and ferroptosis markers of CD8+T cells were detected in vivo and in vitro.Based on rat liver transplantation and mouse cardiac transplantation models,the immunosuppressive effect of GA was first confirmed by histopathology,T-cell subpopulation,and cytokine detection.In the mouse cardiac transplantation model,transcriptomics combined with metabolomics demonstrated for the first time that GA inhibited lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)expression and pyruvate metabolism in CD8+T cells.It was confirmed in vivo and in vitro that GA inhibited pyruvate metabolism of CD8+T cells through LDHA,inhibiting their activation and inducing ferroptosis.Over-expression of LDHA partially reversed the effect of GA on the metabolism,activation,and ferroptosis of CD8+T cells in vitro.GA mediates metabolic reprogramming through LDHA to inhibit the activation and induce ferroptosis of CD8+T cells to exert an immunosuppressive effect,which lays an experimental foundation for the future clinical application of its immunosuppressive effect.

In the context of the development of transplant oncology, it is of great clinical significance to find a drug with both antitumor and immunosuppressive effects for liver transplantation patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The antitumor effect of ginkgolic acid (GA) has been confirmed, and some studies suggest that GA may also have an immunosuppressive effect. The immunosuppressive effect of GA was evaluated by histopathology, T-cell subpopulation, and cytokine detection in rat liver transplantation and mouse cardiac transplantation models, and transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis was used to explore the underlying mechanism of the GA immunosuppressive effect. Metabolites, activation, and ferroptosis markers of CD8⁺ T cells were detected in vivo and in vitro. Based on rat liver transplantation and mouse cardiac transplantation models, the immunosuppressive effect of GA was first confirmed by histopathology, T-cell subpopulation, and cytokine detection. In the mouse cardiac transplantation model, transcriptomics combined with metabolomics demonstrated for the first time that GA inhibited lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) expression and pyruvate metabolism in CD8⁺ T cells. It was confirmed in vivo and in vitro that GA inhibited pyruvate metabolism of CD8⁺ T cells through LDHA, inhibiting their activation and inducing ferroptosis. Overexpression of LDHA partially reversed the effect of GA on the metabolism, activation, and ferroptosis of CD8⁺ T cells in vitro. GA mediates metabolic reprogramming through LDHA to inhibit the activation and induce ferroptosis of CD8⁺ T cells to exert an immunosuppressive effect, which lays an experimental foundation for the future clinical application of its immunosuppressive effect.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of posterior cranial fossa in- situ floating bone flap osteotomy in the treatment of syndromic craniosynostosis(SCS). Methods:The clinical data of SCS children who underwent posterior cranial fossa in- situ floating bone flap osteotomy at the Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from April 2020 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical procedures were as follows. The occipital bone was cut into several mosaic bone flaps of varying sizes, without peeling it off the dura, which were left as a small free floating bone flap. The anteroposterior cranial diameter, cranial height, intracranial volume, and degree of improvement in tonsillar herniation and hydrocephalus of the children (hydrocephalus quantification was performed using the ratio of the ventricular diameter to the biparietal diameter)were measured preoperatively, 7 days postoperatively, 3 months postoperatively, and at the last follow-up (at least 12 months after the operation) to evaluate the surgical outcomes. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as Mean±SD. The paired t-test was used for comparison within the repeated measurement data groups at the two time points. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the repeated measurement data at multiple time points, and pairwise comparisons in post hoc tests were corrected using the Bonferroni method. Results:A total of 17 pediatric patients with SCS were included, comprising 10 males and 7 females, with ages ranging from 4 to 18 months (mean age: 9.5 months). Among them, 12 patients were complicated with Chiari malformation and hydrocephalus (1 severe case, 8 moderate cases, and 3 mild cases). Postoperative follow-up lasted 12 to 35 months, with an average of 17 months. After surgery, the posterior cranial appearance of the children was enlarged, with increased convexity of the occiput and a full contour. At the last follow-up, the middle cranial height [(107.80±10.72) mm vs. (102.82±10.09) mm, P<0.05], the posterior cranial height [(124.91±10.40) mm vs. (107.58±13.46) mm, P<0.01] and anteroposterior diameter [(153.30±11.26) mm vs. (123.64±17.44) mm, P<0.01] as well as the intracranial volume [(1 317.92±225.77) cm 3 vs. (1 014.93±231.81) cm 3,P<0.01] were increased compared with the preoperative period, and the average improvement rate of intracranial volume was 37.0% (18.1%-79.2%). Among the 12 cases of tonsillar herniation, 7 cases had improvement. Moreover, all the 12 cases of hydrocephalus witnessed a mitigation in severity, from (46.33±9.34)% preoperatively to (35.24±9.88)% postoperatively, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Posterior cranial fossa in- situ floating bone flap osteotomy can effectively improve the appearance of patients with SCS, increase the intracranial volume, relieve the degree of hydrocephalus, and reduce the intracranial pressure.

Ultrasound guided percutaneous interventional therapy has been widely used in clinic. Aiming at the problem of soft tissue deformation caused by probe contact force in robot-assisted ultrasound-guided therapy, a real-time non-reference ultrasound image evaluation method considering soft tissue deformation is proposed. On the basis of ultrasound image brightness and sharpness, a multi-dimensional ultrasound image evaluation index was designed, which incorporated the aggregation characteristics of the organization. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, ultrasound images of four different models were collected for experiments, including prostate phantom, phantom with cyst, pig liver tissue, and pig liver tissue with cyst. In addition, the correlation between subjective and objective evaluations was analyzed based on Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Experimental results showed that the average evaluation time of a single image was 68.8 milliseconds. The evaluation time could satisfy real-time applications. The proposed method realizes the effective evaluation of real-time ultrasound image quality in robot-assisted therapy, and has good consistency with the evaluation of supervisors.
Animals ; Cysts ; Male ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Swine ; Ultrasonography/methods*

Downstaging treatment by local therapy combined with systemic therapy before liver transplantation for patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can control tumor progression and reduce tumor burden, which resulting in reducing the push-out rate of patients during the waiting period for liver transplantation, providing an oncological observation window, enabling patients of beyond Milan criteria downstaged with better survival benefit. The authors introduce the clinical experience of a case with recurrent HCC of beyond Milan criteria who under-went liver transplantation after receiving atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combined with local therapy. Results show the patient achieving pathological complete remission without postoperative rejection and obtaining a good prognosis with life status improved.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effects of invisible bracketless appliance on the upper molar distalization.Methods:15 patients with class Ⅱ malocclusion(at the average age of 25.3 years) were treated by invisible bracketless appliance,the pre and post three-dimensional digital models were superimposed and measured,the effects of molar distalization were analysed.Results:After treatment,the maxillary first molars were distalized by 2.58 mm on both sides.The left and fight second molars were distalized by 2.57 mm and 2.68 mm respectively.Bilateral central incisors were moved mesially by 0.34 mm.There was no significant difference in the horizontal movement of central incisor.But the left and fight first molars were moved buccally by 0.96 mm and 0.97 mm respectively,the left and fight second molars were moved buccally by 1.01 mm and 1.11 mm separately.Bilateral first molars were intruded by 0.26 mm,the left and right second molars were intruded by 0.37 mm and 0.36 mm,respectively.But the central incisors had no significant vertical movement.There was no significant difference in the buccally or palatally rotation of bilateral first and second molars.Conclusion:Invisible bracketless appliance is efficient for distalization of upper molar,but it may result in mild molar intrusion and anterior anchorage loss.

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have been found in most organisms during the last decade. Since large-scale sequences are being generated, especially those that can be used to search for microsatellites, the development of these markers is getting more convenient. Keeping SSRs in viewing the importance of the application, available CDS (coding sequences) or ESTs (expressed sequence tags) of some eukaryotic species were used to study the frequency and density of various types of microsatellites. On the basis of surveying CDS or EST sequences amounting to 66.6 Mb in silkworm, 37.2 Mb in fly, 20.8 Mb in mosquito, 60.0 Mb in mouse, 34.9 Mb in zebrafish and 33.5 Mb in Caenorhabditis elegans, the frequency of SSRs was 1/1.00 Kb in silkworm, 1/0.77 Kb in fly, 1/1.03 Kb in mosquito, 1/1.21 Kb in mouse, 1/1.25 Kb in zebrafish and 1/1.38 Kb in C. elegans. The overall average SSR frequency of these species is 1/1.07 Kb. Hexanucleotide repeats (64.5%-76.6%) are the most abundant class of SSR in the investigated species, followed by trimeric, dimeric, tetrameric, monomeric and pentameric repeats. Furthermore, the A-rich repeats are predominant in each type of SSRs, whereas G-rich repeats are rare in the coding regions.
Animals ; Anopheles ; genetics ; Bombyx ; genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster ; genetics ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Genome ; Invertebrates ; genetics ; Mice ; genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Zebrafish ; genetics