The level of urinary albumin is a critical indicator for the early diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, existing methods for detecting albumin are not conducive to point-of-care testing due to the complexity of reagent addition and incubation processes. This study presents a smartphone-integrated handheld automated biochemical analyzer (sHABA) designed for point-of-care testing of urinary albumin. The sHABA features a pre-loaded, disposable reagent cassette with reagents for the albumin assay arranged in the order of their addition within a hose. The smartphone-integrated analyzer can drive the reagents following a preset program, to enable automatic sequential addition. The sHABA has a detection limit for albumin of 5.9 mg/L and a linear detection range from 7 to 450 mg/L. The consistency of albumin level detection in 931 urine samples using sHABA with clinical tests indicates good sensitivity (95.78%) and specificity (90.16%). This research advances the field by providing an automated detection method for albumin in a portable device, allowing even untrained individuals to monitor CKD in real time at the patient's bedside. In the context of promoting tiered diagnosis and treatment, the sHABA has the potential to become an essential tool for the early diagnosis and comprehensive management of CKD and other chronic conditions.

Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a transformative surveillance tool for estimating substance consumption and monitoring disease prevalence, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. It enables the population-level monitoring of illicit drug use, pathogen prevalence, and environmental pollutant exposure. In this perspective, we summarize the key challenges specific to the Chinese context: (1) Sampling inconsistencies, necessitating standardized 24-hour composite protocols with high-frequency autosamplers (≤ 15 min/event) to improve the representativeness of samples; (2) Biomarker validation, requiring rigorous assessment of excretion profiles and in-sewer stability; (3) Analytical method disparities, demanding inter-laboratory proficiency testing and the development of automated pretreatment instruments; (4) Catchment population dynamics, reducing estimation uncertainties through mobile phone data, flow-based models, or hydrochemical parameters; and (5) Ethical and data management concerns, including privacy risks for small communities, mitigated through data de-identification and tiered reporting platforms. To address these challenges, we propose an integrated framework that features adaptive sampling networks, multi-scale wastewater sample banks, biomarker databases with multidimensional metadata, and intelligent data dashboards. In summary, wastewater-based epidemiology offers unparalleled scalability for equitable health surveillance and can improve the health of the entire population by providing timely and objective information to guide the development of targeted policies.
China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Wastewater/analysis* ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Public Health ; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring ; SARS-CoV-2

Melicope pteleifolia is a plant belonging to the Melicope genus of the Rutaceae family. Known for a bitter taste and cold nature, its stems and tender branches with leaves possess properties of clearing heat, detoxifying, dispelling wind, and removing dampness and can be used to treat sore throat, malaria, jaundice hepatitis, rheumatic bone pain, eczema, dermatitis, and sores and ulcers. In this study, 19 compounds were isolated from the chloroform and n-butanol extracts of M. pteleifolia leaves by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance(~1H-NMR)-guided separation techniques. The compounds were identified as isoleptonol(1), leptaones B-E(2-5), friedelin(6), evodionol(7), ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate(8), litseachromolaevane A(9), quercetin-7,3',4'-trimethyl ether(10), kokusaginin(11), 8-(1-hydroxyethyl)-5,6,7-trimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran(12), ethyl p-hydroxycinnamate(13), 3-hydroxy-9-methyl-6H-benzo\[c\]chromen-6-one(14), agrimonolide(15), 7-hydroxycoumarin(16), scopoletin(17), isoscutellarein(18), and agrimonolide 6-O-glucoside(19). Among these, the new compounds included one chromene and four meroterpenoid(1-5). The anti-inflammatory activities of the newly identified compounds 1-5 were screened in vitro, showing that the five compounds(1-5) exhibited inhibitory effects on nitric oxide(NO) production in BV2 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)/interferon(IFN)-γ, with IC_(50) values ranging from 12.25 to 36.48 μmol·L~(-1).
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification* ; Mice ; Animals ; Rutaceae/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification* ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Nitric Oxide/immunology*

The level of urinary albumin is a critical indicator for the early diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease(CKD).However,existing methods for detecting albumin are not conducive to point-of-care testing due to the complexity of reagent addition and incubation processes.This study presents a smartphone-integrated handheld automated biochemical analyzer(sHABA)designed for point-of-care testing of urinary albumin.The sHABA features a pre-loaded,disposable reagent cassette with re-agents for the albumin assay arranged in the order of their addition within a hose.The smartphone-integrated analyzer can drive the reagents following a preset program,to enable automatic sequential addition.The sHABA has a detection limit for albumin of 5.9 mg/L and a linear detection range from 7 to 450 mg/L.The consistency of albumin level detection in 931 urine samples using sHABA with clinical tests indicates good sensitivity(95.78％)and specificity(90.16％).This research advances the field by providing an automated detection method for albumin in a portable device,allowing even untrained individuals to monitor CKD in real time at the patient's bedside.In the context of promoting tiered diagnosis and treatment,the sHABA has the potential to become an essential tool for the early diagnosis and comprehensive management of CKD and other chronic conditions.

[Purpose]To analyze the screening results of urban cancer early diagnosis and treat-ment program in Shaanxi Province from 2021 to 2022.[Methods]The risk assessment and clini-cal screening data of five high incidence malignant tumors(female breast cancer,lung cancer,upper gastrointestinal cancer,liver cancer and colorectal cancer)in the urban cancer early diag-nosis and treatment program in Shaanxi Province were collected and analyzed.The high-risk rate,screening compliance rate,and positive detection rate of the above 5 types of malignant tumors were calculated.[Results]A total of 17 921 urban residents in Shaanxi Province completed the cancer risk survey from 2021 to 2022(44.12％were males and 55.88％were females),9 270 were identified as high-risk(51.7％):34.2％for breast cancer,24.2％for lung cancer,20.7％for upper gastrointestinal cancer,7.5％for liver cancer,and 29.8％for colorectal cancer.Among 18 145 person-times of high-risk,6 357 person-times underwent clinical screening,with an overall com-pliance rate of 35.0％.The participating number and compliance rate of individual cancer screening were 1 451 person-times(42.3％)for female breast cancer,2 064 person-times(47.7％)for lung cancer,1 125 person-times(30.4％)for upper gastrointestinal cancer,468 person-times(35.0％)for liver cancer,and 1 249 person-times(23.4％)for colorectal cancer.The detected positive cases and the detection rate were 142 cases(9.8％)for frmale breast cancer,373 cases(18.1％)for lung cancer,13 cases(1.2％)for upper gastrointestinal cancer,8 cases(1.7％)for liver cancer,and 68 cases(5.4％)for colorectal cancer.[Conclusion]The screening results of early diagnosis and treatment project for urban cancer in Shaanxi Province shows a relative higher risk rate and lower compliance rate with significant differences among various types of cancer.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Drynaria fortunei(Kunze)J.Sm.and their antioxidant activity.METHODS ODS-AG-HG,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC were used for separation and purification,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH mothod.RESULTS Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as kaempferol-3-O-neohesperidoside(1),dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(2),kaempferol-3,7-di-O-α-L-rahmnoside(3),astragalin(4),loliolid(5),trichothecene analogue(6),2,2-[bis-4-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)phenyl]propane(7),maculatin(8),trichothecin(9),4-[(Z)-but-2-enoyloxy]-8-chloro-12-hydroxy-7,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene(10),8-deoxy-trichotecin(11),β-sitosterol(12),daucosterol(13),afzelin(14),samwinol(15).The IC50 values of the leaf and rhizome extracts against DPPH free radicals were(0.072±0.005),(0.287±0.012)mg/mL,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1,2,5-11,15 are isolated from this plant for the first time.The leaves of D.fortunei exhibit strong antioxidant activity.

Objective:Exploring the effect of Pinocembrin(Pino)regulating the Ras homolog gene family member A/Rho associated with curly helix binding protein kinase(RhoA/ROCK)signaling pathway of Ras homologous gene family members on the malignant biological behavior of gastric cancer cells.Methods:Cultivate human gastric cancer cells MGC803 with different concentrations of Pino(0～240μmol/L),detect cell survival rate using CCK-8 method,and screen for the optimal drug concentration.MGC803 cells were rseparated into MGC803 group(Control group),Pino-L group,Pino-M group,Pino-H group,and Pino-H+RhoA agonist CN03 group.The clone formation experiment was applied to detect the number of clones formed of cells in each group.Assessment of cell apoptosis using flow cytometry.Tran-swell invasion and migration experiments were used to detect the number of cells undergoing migration and invasion in each group;Detection of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway and expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition related proteins in MGC803 cells using Western blot method.Results:Compared with the MGC803 group,the cell survival rate,clone formation number,migration cell number,and invasion cell number were all reduced in the Pino-L group,Pino-M group,and Pino-H group,and RhoA was also present in the cells,ROCK2,The expression levels of vimentin and N-cadherin gradually decreased(P<0.05),while the apoptosis rate and E-cadherin expression level gradually in-creased(P<0.05).The Pino-H+CN03 group reversed the trend of changes in the above indicators).Conclusion:Pino can prevent malignant biological behavior of gastric cancer cells,which may be related to the inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the changes of durability properties of reusable surgical gowns when used in dry and wet conditions.Methods Reusable surgical gowns made of single-layer polyester fiber or 3-layer composite material were selected as test samples,and a Martindale abrasion and pilling tester was used as the basic test platform and modified to form fixtures suitable for the wet state environment.The reusable surgical gowns underwent abrasion experiments in wet and dry conditions to observe the changes in their fiber structure,and were subjected to water penetration resistance and swelling strength tests.Results Visually the reusable surgical gowns had few changes of the microscopic textile fiber structure in dry and wet conditions,and the gowns made of single-layer polyster fiber gained advantages over the outer layers of those of 3-layer composite material in abrasion resistance with the same friction cycles.In dry and wet conditions,the hydrostatic pressure values of the gowns of single-layer polyster fiber gradually decreased with the increase of the degree of abrasion,which were always lower than those of the gowns of 3-layer composite material;the swelling strength of the gowns of single-layer polyster fiber was always greater than that of the gowns of 3-layer composite material,which decreased with the deterioration of the wear more significantly than that of the gowns of 3-layer composite material.Conclusion The reusable surgical gowns made of single-layer polyester fiber or 3-layer composite material have few differences in durability and protective properties at the early stages of ablation in dry and wet conditions.The durability of the gowns decreases as the degree of wear increases,while the trend of the decrease is slowing down until the fabric breaks down and completely loses its barrier effect.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):28-33]

This study was aimed at establishing a sensitive and specific sandwich ELISA detection method for Brucella.We screened monoclonal capture antibodies and detection antibodies for Brucella detection,and optimized and determined the opti-mal antibody coating time and concentration,as well as the optimal blocking solution,blocking time,and yin-yang critical val-ue.The specificity of this method was verified by examination of other bacteria prone to cross-reacting with Brucella.The sen-sitivity of the method was verified by detection of a gradient dilution of inactivated Brucella.Moreover,the sandwich ELISA detection results were compared with test tube agglutination and qPCR results.The selected capture antibody was 4A12,and the selected detection antibody was 6C12.Experimental analysis indicated that the optimal coating concentration for the 4A12 capture antibody was 5 μg/mL,and the optimal dilution ratio for the 6C12 detection antibody was 1∶2000.The optimal coating conditions were overnight at 4℃,and blocking with 5％skim milk powder for 2 hours.The established double antibody sand-wich ELISA method reacted with only Brucella but not other bacteria,thus demonstrating the method's good specificity.Inac-tivated Brucella solution was still detectable after dilution to 1 × 105 CFU/mL,thus demonstrating the method's good sensitiv-ity.The intra-and inter batch coefficients of variation were both below 10％,thus indicating the method's good repeatability.Thus,this study successfully established a dual antibody sandwich ELISA method for Brucella detection,which has good spe-cificity and sensitivity,and might provide an effective approach for the precise diagnosis and effective prevention and control of brucellosis.

Objective This study explores the clinical correlation between different low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels and prognosis,providing evidence-based guidance for the development of personalized lipid-lowering goals.Methods Patients who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)treatment at Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 and received lipid-lowering therapy with the addition of Evolocumab were selected.Based on the results of blood lipid rechecks 3 to 6 months after surgery,the patients were divided into five groups:low-density lipoprotein＜0.5 mmol/L,0.5 to＜1.0 mmol/L,1.0 to＜1.4 mmol/L,1.4 to＜1.8 mmol/L,and above 1.8 mmol/L.All patients were followed up for more than one year,and clinical conditions and major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)were recorded.Results A total of 1 106 patients undergoing PCI were enrolled;after propensity score matching and exclusion of patients lost to follow up,550 remained(110 per group).During 12 months of follow-up,58 patients(10.5％)experienced a MACE,with incidence rising step-wise across LDL-C categories.In multivariable Cox models adjusted for age,sex,diabetes,hypertension,baseline LDL-C,follow-up LDL-C,estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),and left ventricular ejection fraction,the hazard ratios[HR(95％CI)]for MACE,relative to the＜0.5 mmol/L group,were 1.810(0.507-6.454,P=0.361),3.036(0.945-9.749,P=0.062),5.228(1.737-15.735,P=0.003),7.708(2.633-22.565,P＜0.001)for LDL-C levels of 0.5 to＜1.0,1.0 to＜1.4,1.4 to＜1.8 and≥ 1.8 mmol/L,respectively.A restricted cubic spline model demonstrated a significant non-linear positive association between LDL-C and MACE(P-overall≤0.001;P-non-linear=0.008).Stratified analyses by age,sex,hypertension and diabetes showed consistent HR with no significant interactions(all P＞0.05).There were no statistically significant differences among the groups in the incidence of bleeding events,elevated creatinine levels,or abnormal liver function(all P＞0.05).Conclusions In patients using PCSK9 after PCI,there is a significant positive correlation between LDL-C levels and the risk of MACE,and no correlation was observed between different LDL-C levels and the risk of adverse events such as bleeding.