Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of quality of life among HIV/AIDS cases, so as to provide the basis for improving HIV/AIDS cases quality of life. Methods: From March to July 2024, HIV/AIDS cases under follow-up management at various community health service centers in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality, were selected as the survey subjects using a convenience sampling method. Demographic information and receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) were collected through questionnaire surveys. Quality of life was assessed using the Chinese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire for HIV brief version. A multiple linear regression model was employed to analyze the factors affecting quality of life. Results: A total of 179 HIV/AIDS cases were investigated, including 150 males (83.80%) and 29 females (16.20%), with a mean age of (47.00±12.90) years. The subjective self-evaluation score for the quality of life among HIV/AIDS cases was (13.87±2.84) points. The scores in the domains of physical, psychological, independence, social relationship, environment, and spiritual support/religion/personal beliefs were (14.77±2.64) (13.57±2.04) (13.86±2.04) (12.99±2.26) (13.58±1.98) (14.59±3.05) points, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed statistically significant associations (all P<0.05) between the following factors and quality of life domain scores: educational level (college degree or above, β' =0.162) and receiving ART (β' =-0.197) were associated with the subjective self-evaluation domain score; educational level (college degree or above, β' =0.186) and receiving ART (β' =-0.299) were associated with physical domain score; receiving ART (β' =-0.263) and symptoms related to sexually transmitted diseases (β' =-0.243) were associated with psychological domain score; occupation (retirees, β' =-0.191) and symptoms related to sexually transmitted diseases (β' =-0.220) were correlated with the independence domain score; annual household income per capita (≥30 000 yuan, β' =0.281) and receiving ART (β' =-0.299) were correlated with the social relationship domain score; educational level (college degree or above, β' =0.206) and receiving ART (β' =-0.285) were correlated with the environment domain score; and receiving ART (β' =-0.492) and duration since HIV confirmation (3 to <6 years, β' =0.233; ≥6 years, β' =0.161) were correlated with the spiritual support/religion/personal beliefs domain score. Conclusions The overall quality of life among HIV/AIDS cases in Jinshan District is relatively good, but the domains of psychological, independence, and social relationship were still room for improvement. It is mainly influenced by factors such as occupation, educational level, annual household income per capita, receiving ART, symptoms related to sexually transmitted diseases, and duration since HIV confirmation.

Osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant bone tumor in adolescents and children,characterized by a high recurrence rate and metastasis,making its treatment extremely challenging.Traditional treatment modalities,including surgery,radiation therapy,and chemotherapy,can alleviate symptoms to some extent,but improving long-term survival rates remains a pressing issue.With the continuous development of immunotherapy,breakthroughs have been made in the research of tumor immune microenvironment and the application of immunotherapy in recent years,providing new perspectives and strategies for osteosarcoma treatment.Currently,immunotherapy strategies include tumor vaccines,targeted cytokines,immune checkpoint inhibition,adoptive cell therapy,combination therapy,etc.,significantly enhancing patient immune responses from the aspects of boosting immunity,overcoming immune tolerance,and preventing immune evasion,thereby effectively improving the patients'survival rates and prognosis.This review aims to systematically introduce the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma and discuss the latest advances in immunotherapy in clinical translational research of osteosarcoma.By deeply understanding the immune characteristics of osteosarcoma and corresponding treatment methods,it is hopeful to provide more effective strategies for personalized treatment,contributing to the improvement of the patients' survival rates and prognosis.

Objective:To explore the optimization of the standardized assessment tool for clinical diagnosis of Chinese developmental dyslexia (DD).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to December 2023, in which 130 primary school children in grades 1 to 3 with clinical signs of literacy lag and positive screening results on the screening scales were recruited from the outpatient clinic of Child Health Care Medical Division, Shanghai Children′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Chinese dyslexia screening behavior checklist for primary students (CDSBC) was used as the screening scales, and supplemented by dyslexia checklist for Chinese children. Referring to the standard procedure of the"expert advice on diagnosis and intervention of Chinese developmental dyslexia", the developmental dyslexia scale for standard mandarin (DDSSM) was used to evaluate the children′s literacy-related cognitive abilities and conduct the diagnostic assessment, and divided the children into learning backward group and the DD group. The t-test and χ2 test were used to compare the differences in the distribution of intelligence, literacy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder between the two groups. Spearman′s correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the scores for each cognitive ability in the DDSSM and the CDSBC. Results:Of the 130 children, 90 were male, aged (8.3±1.0) years; 40 were female, aged (8.1±0.9) years. A final diagnosis of DD was made in 59 cases, of which 41 were males. There was no statistically significant difference in operational intelligence quotient (101±15 vs.100±15, t=0.53, P>0.05) and statistically significant difference in literacy of DDSSM (32±5 vs.21±4, t=11.56, P<0.001) between the learning backward group and the DD group. Eighteen cases (25.4%) of the learning backward group were children with attention deficit subtype attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-I), and 16 cases (27.1%) in DD group, the difference in incidence between the two groups was not statistically significant ( χ2=0.05, P>0.05). There were correlations between the DDSSM (for oral vocabulary, morphological awareness and orthographic awareness) and the CDSBC total score ( r=-0.42, -0.32, -0.35, all P<0.01), but the correlations for visuospatial perception and rapid automatized naming with CDSBC total score were not statistically significant ( r=-0.09 and -0.20,both P>0.05). Conclusion:For literacy-related cognitive abilities, screening scales CDSBC are not sufficiently useful for assessment, so the introduction of standardized assessment tools DDSSM is an optimization of the clinical diagnosis of Chinese DD, which is crucial for achieving accurate diagnosis and intervention.

ObjectiveTo identify the possible health impact of the 14th five⁃year plan for the development of employment and social security in Deqing County and propose improvement measures through health impact assessment. MethodsBased on the data of Deqing County， stakeholder interviews and Delphi Consultation Method， this study described the current status of employment and social security and analyzed the potential health impacts of implementing the 14th five⁃year plan for the development of employment and social security in Deqing County. ResultsThrough a quick assessment process， the results showed that the implementation of the plan would bring mixed health impacts. Positive impacts included enhanced social security capacity， improved health levels of low-income populations and families， increased convenience of medical treatment， and improved efficiency of health services. Negative impacts included reduced accessibility of digital services for the elderly， increased gap in benefits for retirees， increased risk of discrimination against disabled individuals， increased risks of layoffs and unemployment for vulnerable groups， and increased employment instability for middle-aged and elderly populations. ConclusionThe 14th five⁃year plan for the development of employment and social security in Deqing County will bring a series of positive health impacts， but negative health impacts also warrant attention.

Programmed cell death protein ligand-1(PD-L1)is an important immune checkpoint molecule that plays an important role in regulating the body's immune response.Several clinical studies have shown that the expression level of PD-L1 in tumors is closely related to the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Due to the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of tumors,immunohistochemical methods commonly used in clinical practice cannot accurately and comprehensively reflect the ex-pression level of PD-L1 in patients.Given that nuclear-medicine molecular imaging technology can noninvasively,real-time,dy-namically and visually monitor the expression level of PD-L1 in vivo at the molecular level,this article mainly focuses on the re-search of peptide-based radiolabeled molecular probes targeting PD-L1,with the aim of providing guidance for the search of no-vel peptide molecular probes for immunoimaging as well as for the screening of immunotherapy-suitable patients and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy,and other clinical applications.

To summarize the nursing care of a patient with acute myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock before operation.The main nursing points are as follows:in the acute stage,the integrated rescue was implemented with rapid on-machine coordination of external cardiopulmonary resuscitation,multidisciplinary collaboration to ensure safe patient transport;during the bridging period,the combined operation care of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,intra-aortic balloon counter pulsation and continuous kidney replacement therapy was carried out with goal-oriented anticoagulation care,prevention of catheter-related infection with the assistance of mechanical circulation,and neurological function monitoring.The patient successfully passed the waiting period for heart transplantation and underwent heart transplantation 21 days after admission.With the follow-up for 1 year,the patient recovered well.

Under the background of high-intensity fattening,probiotics have gradually become wide-ly used feed additives.It can inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria,maintain the microeco-logical balance in the digestive tract,and improve the host immune function.In order to screen lac-tic acid bacteria strains with potential probiotic effects,23 acid-producing strains were isolated from rumen fluid of healthy Duolang sheep by CaCO3-MRS solid medium.Safe strains were re-screened through primary screening and hemolysis tests.Acid tolerance tests and bile salt tests were used to screen the strains that were relatively adapted to the rumen environment.The survival rate of the strain M2 was 93.80％under pH3.0 and 59.72％under bile salt concentration of 0.30％and the survival rate is higher than other strains under high temperature conditions.Subsequently,morphological observation,molecular biological identification,testing of pathogen antagonism,antibiotic tolerance analysis,growth characteristics detection and other methods were used to fur-ther explore the characteristics of the strain.The results showed that the strain to be tested was Gram-positive bacillus.After 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison,the strain was identified as Lactobac illus salivus,which could be used as a candidate strain to develop probiotics.The research results laid a foundation for its application in Duolang sheep breeding.

Humans ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Pain Management ; Psychotic Disorders/therapy* ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Treatment Outcome ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

AIM:To explore the modulation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol(2-AG)on A-type potassium channels injured by kainic acid(KA)and its molecular mechanism.METHODS:Primary cultured caudate nucleus(CN)neurons were treated with KA to establish a neuroexcitatory toxicity model.Whole-cell patch clamp recording was performed to ob-serve the changes of electrical activity of A-type potassium channels induced by KA-induced excitatory toxicity and 2-AG-mediated neuroprotective effect.RESULTS:In cultured CN neurons,patch clamp experiments confirmed that KA signifi-cantly decreased the A-type potassium channel current(IA)density and changed the electrical function of CN neurons:the slope(k)of inactivation curve and the recovery time constant(τ)after inactivation of A-type potassium channels in CN neurons were significantly increased.The experiments showed that the increase in 2-AG level,whether using 2-AG direct-ly or application of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor URB602 to decrease 2-AG metabolism and increase 2-AG level indi-rectly,inhibited the KA-induced reduction of IA density and the changes of electrical activity of A-type potassium channels through cannabinoid receptor 1(CB1R):2-AG effectively antagonized the KA-induced increases in τ value and k value for inactivation of A-type potassium channels,which accelerated the recovery process after inactivation of the channels.CONCLUSION:The changes of the electrical characteristics of A-type potassium channels may be one of the mecha-nisms of KA-induced excitotoxic injury of CN neurons.The 2-AG plays a neuroprotective role in KA-induced neuroexcit-atory toxic model by regulating the function of A-type potassium channels through CB1R.

Objective:To investigate the relationships between the expression level of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in HER2-positive breast cancer and the characteristics of ultrasound imaging and mammography.Methods:The imaging data of 486 patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated in the Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2014 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected. The relationships between the expression level of HER2 and the imaging features of breast ultrasound and mammography were analyzed.Results:49.38% (240/486) of HER2-positive breast cancer patients were HER2 2+, and 50.62% (246/486) of HER2-positive breast cancer patients were HER2 3+. The age of HER2 2+ patients [ (52.88±1.16) years] was older than the age of HER2 3+ patients [ (49.59±1.00) years], and there was a statistically significant difference ( t=18.07, P<0.001) . There was a statistically significant difference of menstrual status between HER2 2+ patients and HER2 3+ patients ( χ2=4.42, P=0.036) . There were statistically significant differences in the ultrasonography showed burr sign ( χ2=8.37, P=0.010) , posterior echo ( χ2=9.68, P=0.017) , axillary lymph node enlargement ( χ2=15.77, P<0.001) between HER2 2+ patients and HER2 3+ patients. There was a statistically significant difference in the mammography showed whether there were lumps between HER2 2+ patients and HER2 3+ patients ( χ2=15.81, P<0.001) . Conclusion:The expression level of HER2 in HER2-positive breast cancer patients is related to burr sign, posterior echo, and axillary lymph node enlargement shown by ultrasound, as well as lumps shown by mammography, which can provide certain information for clinical prediction of malignant degree of breast cancer, prognosis and individualized treatment plan.