ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of constructing a programmed death receptor-1（PD-1） molecular probe for non-invasive micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography （Micro-PET/CT） imaging of PD-1 protein in mouse S180 sarcoma. MethodsA transgenic PD-1 C57 S180 sarcoma mouse model was established using the S180 sarcoma cell injection. Furthermore， ¹²⁴I-anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody probe was synthesized. 18.5 MBq of the ¹²⁴I-anti-PD-1 probe was injected into the tail vein of transgenic PD-1 C57 mice. Subsequently， S180 sarcoma was imaged using Micro-PET/CT. ResultsStudy successfully established a transgenic PD-1 C57 S180 sarcoma mouse model. Immunohistochemical （IHC） results showed PD-1 protein expression in S180 sarcoma. Micro-PET/CT imaging successfully visualized the PD-1 protein receptor in S180 sarcoma at different time points （20， 48， 72， and 120 h） after probe injection. ConclusionThe ¹²⁴I-anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody molecular probe successfully targets the PD-1 receptor in S180 sarcoma of transgenic PD-1 C57 mice， and presents clear Micro-PET/CT immunoassay results， thus it potentially enables the non-invasive screening of patients with PD-1 positive malignant tumors.

ObjectiveBy exploring the influencing factors of readmission in patients with stable angina of coronary heart disease （CHD） based on real-world clinical data， to establish a risk prediction model of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine， in order to provide a basis for early identification of high-risk populations and reducing readmission rates. MethodsA prospective clinical study was conducted involving patients with stable angina pectoris of CHD， who were divided into a training set and a validation set at a 7∶3 ratio. General information， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）-related data， and laboratory test results were uniformly collected. After a one-year follow-up， patients were classified into a readmission group and a non-readmission group based on whether they were readmitted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for readmission. A risk prediction model of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine was constructed and visualized using a nomogram. The model was validated and evaluated in terms of discrimination， calibration， and clinical decision curve analysis. ResultsA total of 682 patients were included， with 477 in the training set and 205 in the validation set， among whom 89 patients were readmitted. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified heart failure history ［OR = 6.93， 95% CI （1.58， 30.45）］， wiry pulse ［OR = 2.58， 95% CI （1.42， 4.72）］， weak pulse ［OR = 3.97， 95% CI （2.06， 7.67）］， teeth-marked tongue ［OR = 4.38， 95% CI （2.32， 8.27）］， blood stasis constitution ［OR = 2.17， 95% CI （1.06， 4.44）］， phlegm-stasis mutual syndrome ［OR = 3.64， 95% CI （1.87， 7.09）］， and elevated non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ［OR = 1.30， 95% CI （1.01， 1.69）］ as influencing factors of readmission. These factors were used as predictors to construct a nomogram-based risk prediction model for readmission in patients with stable angina. The model demonstrated moderate predictive capability， with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve （AUC） of 0.818 ［95% CI （0.781， 0.852）］ in the training set and 0.816 ［95% CI （0.779， 0.850）］ in the validation set. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good calibration （χ² = 4.55， P = 0.80）， and the model's predictive ability was stable. When the threshold probability exceeded 5%， the clinical net benefit of using the model to predict readmission risk was significantly higher than intervening in all patients. ConclusionHistory of heart failure， teeth-marked tongue， weak pulse， wiry pulse， phlegm-stasis mutual syndrome， blood stasis constitution， and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are influencing factors for readmission in patients with stable angina of CHD. A clinical prediction model was developed based on these factors， which showed good discrimination， calibration， and clinical utility， providing a scientific basis for predicting readmission events in patients with stable angina.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of Tongnaoyin on the blood-brain barrier status and neurological impairment in acute ischemic stroke （AIS） patients with the syndrome of phlegm-stasis blocking collaterals by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging （DCE-MRI）. MethodsA total of 63 patients diagnosed with AIS in the Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine from October 2022 to December 2023 were enrolled in this study. According to random number table method，the patients were assigned into a control group （32 cases） and an observation group （31 cases）. The control group received conventional Western medical treatment，and the observation group took 200 mL Tongnaoyin after meals，twice a day from day 2 of admission on the basis of the treatment in the control group. After 7 days of treatment，the patients were examined by DCE-MRI. The baseline data for two groups of patients before treatment were compared. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale （NIHSS） score and modified Rankin Scale （mRS） score were recorded before treatment and after 90 days of treatment for both groups. The rKtrans，rKep，and rVe values were obtained from the region of interest （ROI） of the infarct zone/mirror area and compared between the two groups. ResultsThere was no significant difference in the NIHSS or mRS score between the two groups before treatment. After 90 days of treatment，the NIHSS and mRS scores declined in both groups，and the observation group had lower scores than the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment，the rKtrans and rVe in the observation group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.01）. ConclusionCompared with conventional Western medical treatment alone，conventional Western medical treatment combined with Tongnaoyin accelerates the repair of the blood-brain barrier in AIS patients，thereby ameliorating neurological impairment after AIS to improve the prognosis.

Objective To establish a method for quantitative control of multi-pharmacological components in Kanggan Jiedu capsules,and to evaluate the quality of Kanggan Jiedu capsules by chemometrics and weighted technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)method.Methods HPLC was performed on an Apollo C18 column with acetonitrile-0.1%formic acid gradient elution as mobile phase.The volume flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,and the detection wavelength was 327,238 and 298 nm.The contents of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid,4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid,gardenoside,geniposide,3'-hydroxy puerarin,puerarin,3'-methoxy puerarin,baicalin,wogonoside,oxypeucedanin,imperatorin,isoimperatorin,pseudoaspidin and tetraalbaspidin ABBA in 15 batches of Kanggan Jiedu capsules were determined by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS),and then statistical software was used to analyze the difference of 15 batches of samples to find out the main potential markers affecting the quality of Kanggan Jiedu capsules.Results The f value of the 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid was 0.9119,with 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid as the internal reference.The f of the gardenoside,3'-hydroxy puerarin,puerarin and 3'-methoxy puerarin were 1.4941,1.2423,0.9281 and 1.0860,respectively,with geniposide as the internal reference.The f of the baicalin,wogonoside,oxypeucedanin,isoimperatorin,pseudoaspidin and tetraalbaspidin ABBA were 1.4551,0.7414,0.8796,0.6949,1.3248 and 0.8240,respectively,with imperatorin as the internal reference.The f values of each component were robust.There was no significant difference in the content determined by the two methods.The chemometrics method results showed that 15 batches of Kanggan Jiedu capsules could be clustered into three categories,there were certain differences between batches.Baicalin,geniposide,imperatorin,puerarin,3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid and wogonoside were the main potential markers affecting the quality of Kanggan Jiedu capsules.The results of weighted TOPSIS method results showed that the Ci values of 15 batches of samples were between 0.2018 and 0.7346,among which S13 ranked the top with Ci value of 0.7346.Conclusion The established method for quantitative detection of 14 pharmacodynamic components is convenient and accurate.The quality of Kanggan Jiedu capsules can be evaluated by chemometrics and weighted TOPSIS method.

Objective To explore the changes in task-state brain region activation of stroke patients using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)in the treatment of upper limb motor function with brain-computer interfaces(BCI).Methods From April to October,2024,40 stroke patients in Linyi People's Hospital were randomly divided into control group and BCI group,with 20 cases in each group.Both groups received conventional rehabilitation therapy.The control group underwent low-frequency electrotherapy before conventional treatment,while BCI group received BCI therapy before conventional treatment,for four weeks.Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities(FMA-UE)and modified Barthel Index were used to evaluate the upper limbs motor function before and after treatment.A"wrist movement task"was designed to detect the level of oxyhemoglobin(HbO?)in the regions of interest(ROI)during the task.Results After treatment,the scores of MBI and FMA-UE increased in both groups(|t|>8.904,P<0.001),and were higher in BCI group than in the control group(|t|>2.584,P<0.05).The HbO? level in the premotor cortex/sup-plementary motor area(PMC/SMA)increased after treatment in BCI group(t=-3.965,P<0.01),and was high-er in BCI group than in the control group(t=-3.630,P<0.01).The difference of HbO? level in PMC/SMA be-fore and after treatment correlated with both the difference of MBI score(r=0.498,P<0.05)and the difference of FMA-UE score(r=0.799,P<0.001).Conclusion BCI can further improve the upper limb motor function of stroke patients on the basis of conventional treat-ment and enhance the cortical activation of PMC/SMA.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of chronic hepatitis C(CHC)patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3(HCV GT3)infection and the risk factors for disease progression.Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted among 1 002 CHC patients from 11 clinical centers in Northwest China from December 2017 to November 2023,and according to their genotype,they were divided into GT1,GT2,GT3,and GT6 groups.Clinical features were compared between the patients with different genotypes.The one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups,and the Scheffe test was used for further comparison between two groups.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of data with skewed distribution between groups;the chi-square test or Fisher test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors for the progression of CHC to liver cirrhosis.Results In terms of the genotype,there were 427 patients with GT1 infection,242 with GT2 infection,299 with GT3 infection(210 patients with GT3a infection,87 with GT3b infection,and 2 with unclassified genotype),and 34 with GT6 infection.The patients with GT3 infection had a significantly younger age than those with GT1 infection(51.3±0.5 years vs 53.2±0.6 years,P<0.05)or GT2 infection(51.3±0.5 years vs 53.7±0.8 years,P<0.05),and for the patients with liver cirrhosis,the patients with GT3 infection had a significantly younger age than those with GT1 infection(52.1±0.5 years vs 59.4±0.9 years,P<0.001)or GT2 infection(52.1±0.5 years vs 58.1±1.1 years,P<0.001).Among the patients with GT3 infection,male patients accounted for 77.9%and the patients with liver cirrhosis accounted for 46.2%,which were significantly higher than those among the patients with GT1,GT2 or GT6 infection(all P<0.001).At baseline,the patients with GT3 infection had significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)than those with GT1 or GT2 infection,significantly higher aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI)and fibrosis-4(FIB4)than those with GT1,GT2 or GT6 infection,a significantly lower platelet count(PLT)than those with GT2 or GT6 infection,a significantly higher level of alpha-fetoprotein than those with GT2 or GT6 infection,and a significantly lower level of albumin(Alb)than those with GT6 infection(all P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the patients with GT3a infection and those with GT3b infection in age,sex,the proportion of patients with liver cirrhosis,comorbidities,HCV RNA quantification,PLT,ALT,AST,alkaline phosphatase,Alb,APRI,and FIB-4(all P>0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PLT≤150×109/L(odds ratio[OR]=10.72,95%confidence interval[CI]:5.76-35.86,P<0.001)and Alb≤35 g/L(OR=3.74,95%CI:1.22-11.45,P=0.021)were risk factors for liver cirrhosis.Conclusion Most CHC patients with GT3 infection are male in Northwest China,and compared with the patients with other genotypes,such patients tend to have a younger age of onset and higher degrees of liver inflammation activity and fibrosis.Low PLT and a low level of Alb are risk factors for progression to liver cirrhosis in CHC patients with GT3 infection.

Objective:To evaluate the application value of a new family ward model in rehabilitation training for chil-dren with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)and its impact on improving the prognosis..Method:Seventy-two children with ASD admitted to the Children's Health Department of Guanggu Branch of Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were assigned to the study group.Another 66 children with ASD who underwent rehabilitation treatment at the outpatient training center during the same period were included as the control group.All children received comprehensive training meth-ods such as language training,social training,sensory integration training,fine motor training,occupational therapy,behavior correction training,and parent training.Based on the new family ward model,the research group provides family support services for pediatric patients,providing real-time guidance on family rehabilita-tion training,natural scenario generalization,and life skills improvement.All patients are trained 6 hours a day for 6 months.Both groups of children were evaluated by the VB-MAPP,ABC scale,CARS scale,SRS scale,and S-M scale evaluation before and after training for efficacy analysis.Result:After 6 months of training,the scores of CARS and SRS scales in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(t=2.89,3.04,P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the VB-MAPP and S-M scale evaluation scores in the study group were significantly improved(t=-2.42,-2.45,P<0.05).Conclusion:The new family ward model can effectively improve the language,daily living skills,and social adaptation abilities of children with ASD,and provide sufficient family support services,thereby improving the prognosis of ASD children more effectively.

Objective To establish a method for quantitative control of multi-pharmacological components in Kanggan Jiedu capsules,and to evaluate the quality of Kanggan Jiedu capsules by chemometrics and weighted technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)method.Methods HPLC was performed on an Apollo C18 column with acetonitrile-0.1%formic acid gradient elution as mobile phase.The volume flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,and the detection wavelength was 327,238 and 298 nm.The contents of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid,4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid,gardenoside,geniposide,3'-hydroxy puerarin,puerarin,3'-methoxy puerarin,baicalin,wogonoside,oxypeucedanin,imperatorin,isoimperatorin,pseudoaspidin and tetraalbaspidin ABBA in 15 batches of Kanggan Jiedu capsules were determined by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS),and then statistical software was used to analyze the difference of 15 batches of samples to find out the main potential markers affecting the quality of Kanggan Jiedu capsules.Results The f value of the 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid was 0.9119,with 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid as the internal reference.The f of the gardenoside,3'-hydroxy puerarin,puerarin and 3'-methoxy puerarin were 1.4941,1.2423,0.9281 and 1.0860,respectively,with geniposide as the internal reference.The f of the baicalin,wogonoside,oxypeucedanin,isoimperatorin,pseudoaspidin and tetraalbaspidin ABBA were 1.4551,0.7414,0.8796,0.6949,1.3248 and 0.8240,respectively,with imperatorin as the internal reference.The f values of each component were robust.There was no significant difference in the content determined by the two methods.The chemometrics method results showed that 15 batches of Kanggan Jiedu capsules could be clustered into three categories,there were certain differences between batches.Baicalin,geniposide,imperatorin,puerarin,3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid and wogonoside were the main potential markers affecting the quality of Kanggan Jiedu capsules.The results of weighted TOPSIS method results showed that the Ci values of 15 batches of samples were between 0.2018 and 0.7346,among which S13 ranked the top with Ci value of 0.7346.Conclusion The established method for quantitative detection of 14 pharmacodynamic components is convenient and accurate.The quality of Kanggan Jiedu capsules can be evaluated by chemometrics and weighted TOPSIS method.

Objective To explore the changes in task-state brain region activation of stroke patients using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)in the treatment of upper limb motor function with brain-computer interfaces(BCI).Methods From April to October,2024,40 stroke patients in Linyi People's Hospital were randomly divided into control group and BCI group,with 20 cases in each group.Both groups received conventional rehabilitation therapy.The control group underwent low-frequency electrotherapy before conventional treatment,while BCI group received BCI therapy before conventional treatment,for four weeks.Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities(FMA-UE)and modified Barthel Index were used to evaluate the upper limbs motor function before and after treatment.A"wrist movement task"was designed to detect the level of oxyhemoglobin(HbO?)in the regions of interest(ROI)during the task.Results After treatment,the scores of MBI and FMA-UE increased in both groups(|t|>8.904,P<0.001),and were higher in BCI group than in the control group(|t|>2.584,P<0.05).The HbO? level in the premotor cortex/sup-plementary motor area(PMC/SMA)increased after treatment in BCI group(t=-3.965,P<0.01),and was high-er in BCI group than in the control group(t=-3.630,P<0.01).The difference of HbO? level in PMC/SMA be-fore and after treatment correlated with both the difference of MBI score(r=0.498,P<0.05)and the difference of FMA-UE score(r=0.799,P<0.001).Conclusion BCI can further improve the upper limb motor function of stroke patients on the basis of conventional treat-ment and enhance the cortical activation of PMC/SMA.

Objective To investigate the effect of Qingchi Powder(composed of calamina,Halloysitum Rubrum,Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex,Sophorae Flavescentis Radix,Catechu,Indigo Naturalis,Rhizoma Bletillae,and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma powder)retention enema on intestinal flora and Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/NOD-like receptor thermoprotein domain-related protein 3(NLRP3)signaling pathway in peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC)of children with ulcerative colitis(UC).Methods A total of 100 children with UC were randomly divided into control group and study group,with 50 cases in each group.The control group was treated with oral administration of Mesalazin Enteric-Coated Tablets,and the study group was treated with Qingchi Powder retention enema on the basis of treatment for the control group.The treatment for the two groups lasted for 8 consecutive weeks.Before and after treatment,the distribution of intestinal flora and the relative mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and NLRP3 in PBMC,serum contents of TLR4 and NLRP3 protein,and serum levels of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),interleukin 1β(IL-1β)and interleukin 6(IL-6)in the two groups were observed.After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated,and Spearman test was used to analyze the correlation of total effective rate with the relative mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and NLRP3 in PBMC and serum contents of TLR4 and NLRP3 protein.Results(1)After 8 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the study group was 94.00%(47/50),and that of the control group was 70.00%(35/50).The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the efficacy of the study group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.01).(2)After treatment,the number of Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae in the two groups was significantly lowered(P＜0.05),and the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus was significantly increased compared with that before treatment(P＜0.05).After treatment,the number of Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae in the study group was significantly lower(P＜0.05)and the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the mRNA relative expression levels of TLR4 and NLRP3 in PBMC of the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the levels in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the serum TLR4 and NLRP3 protein levels in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the levels in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).(5)After treatment,the levels of serum inflammatory factors of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in the two groups significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the levels in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).(6)Spearman correlation analysis showed that the mRNA relative expression levels of TLR4 and NLRP3 in PBMC and serum TLR4 and NLRP3 protein levels in children with UC were significantly negatively correlated with the total effective rate of curative effect(P＜0.001).Conclusion Qingchi Powder retention enema can down-regulate the expression levles of key signaling molecules of TLR4/NLRP3 pathway in PBMC of children with UC,regulate the intestinal flora of children,and improve the inflammatory response.It has significant curative effect and is worthy of expanding its application in clinic.