With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, computational pathology has been seamlessly integrated into the entire clinical workflow, which encompasses diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and biomarker discovery. This integration has significantly enhanced clinical accuracy and efficiency while reducing the workload for clinicians. Traditionally, research in this field has depended on the collection and labeling of large datasets for specific tasks, followed by the development of task-specific computational pathology models. However, this approach is labor intensive and does not scale efficiently for open-set identification or rare diseases. Given the diversity of clinical tasks, training individual models from scratch to address the whole spectrum of clinical tasks in the pathology workflow is impractical, which highlights the urgent need to transition from task-specific models to foundation models (FMs). In recent years, pathological FMs have proliferated. These FMs can be classified into three categories, namely, pathology image FMs, pathology image-text FMs, and pathology image-gene FMs, each of which results in distinct functionalities and application scenarios. This review provides an overview of the latest research advancements in pathological FMs, with a particular emphasis on their applications in oncology. The key challenges and opportunities presented by pathological FMs in precision oncology are also explored.
Humans ; Precision Medicine/methods* ; Medical Oncology/methods* ; Artificial Intelligence ; Neoplasms/pathology* ; Computational Biology/methods*

Objective　To analyze the whole genome sequence characteristics of dengue serotype 2 virus (DENV-2) strains isolated from Guangzhou in 2023, providing new foundational data to support local dengue fever prevention and control efforts. Methods　Dengue viruses were isolated from serum samples of dengue fever patients using C6/36 cells. Whole genome sequencing of dengue virus was performed using Nanopore sequencing technology (Nanopore platform). The sequencing data were assembled utilizing IPH-NANO v1.0 software, and homology analysis, phylogenetic analysis, and amino acid site variation analysis of the dengue virus genome sequence were conducted using software such as BioEdit7.0.9.0, MEGA11, and iqTree1.6.12. Results　A total of 13 DENV-2 isolates were obtained from the serum samples of dengue fever patients in Guangzhou in 2023, all of which were derived from locally infected cases. The whole genome sequences obtained by sequencing and splicing ranged from 10 429-10 439 nt in length. The nucleotide (amino acid) homology among the 13 isolates was 99.7%-99.9% (99.6%-9.9%). A genome-wide phylogenetic analysis showed that the genotypes of all 13 Guangzhou isolates were identified as the Cosmopolitan genotype and were grouped in the same evolutionary clade as isolates from Réunion (French overseas territory), Djibouti, Kenya, and other regions. Compared with the reference sequence (NC001474), a total of 26 amino acid site variations were identified in the C/prM/E protein regions of the 13 isolates, including 4 variations in the C protein region, 8 in the prM protein region, and 14 in the E protein region. Conclusion　The DENV-2 strains isolated from Guangzhou in 2023 exhibited high homology, with closely related isolates primarily originating from countries or regions such as Réunion, Djibouti, and Kenya, it highlights the need for further assessment of the risk of dengue fever importation from East Africa, South Asia, and other regions.

Objective To discuss the application value of single-port laparoscopy assisted testicular fixation in treating pediatric inguinal cryptorchidism.Methods A total of 128 children with inguinal cryptorchidism admitted to Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2024 to March 2025 were enrolled in this study.Using a randomized digital table method,the children were divided into observation group(n=64)and control group(n=64).The observation group underwent single-port laparoscopy assisted testicular fixation surgery,while control group received conventional three-port laparoscopy surgery.Intraoperative blood loss,surgical duration,hospitalization time,hospitalization costs,and incision length,differences in inflammatory markers,pain stress indicators,sex hormone levels,and complications were compared between two groups.Results Compared to control group,the surgical duration and postoperative hospitalization time were shorter in observation group,intraoperative blood loss was lower in observation group,incision length was shorter in observation group,hospitalization costs was higher in observation group,and vancouver scar scale scores was lower in observation group(P＜0.05).One day postoperatively,interleukin-6,superimposed C-reactive protein,and prostaglandin E2 were increased compared to pre-treatment levels in both groups.The reduction in observation group was more significant than that in control group(P＜0.05).One day postoperatively,levels of neuropeptide Y,nerve growth factor,and substance P were decreased in both groups.The increase in observation group was more pronounced than that in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Single-port laparoscopy is used for pediatric inguinal cryptorchidism with the advantages of minimally invasive,safety and fast recovery.It can effectively reduce postoperative inflammation and pain response,and does not affect sex hormone level and testicular development,with high clinical application value.

Objective To evaluate the effect of laparoscopic surgery on incarcerated inguinal hernia(IIH)in children.Methods A total of 81 IIH children treated at Jinhua Maternal & Child Health Hospital from September 2018 to December 2023 were selected as subjects.The children were divided into laparoscopic surgery group(n=45)and open surgery group(n=36).Comparative analysis was conducted on admission age,gender,duration of incarceration,surgical timing,intraoperative hernia contents,and postoperative complications between two groups.Results Operative duration,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative bowel function recovery time,number of occult hernias,and hospitalization duration in laparoscopic surgery group were statistically better than those in open surgery group(P＜0.05).There were fewer postoperative complications in laparoscopic group compared to open surgery group,there was significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with traditional open surgery,laparoscopic surgery for IIH in children has the advantages of less trauma,shorter operation time and hospitalization time,and less intraoperative bleeding.

Food-derived bioactive peptides (FBPs), particularly those with ten or fewer amino acid residues and a molecular weight below 1300 Da, have gained increasing attention for their safe, diverse structures and specific biological activities. The development of FBP-based functional foods and potential medications depends on understanding their structure‒activity relationships (SARs), stability, and bioavailability properties. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of the roles of FBPs in treating various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, and inflammatory bowel diseases, based on the literature from July 2017 to Mar. 2023. Subsequently, attention is directed toward elucidating the associations between the bioactivities and structural characteristics (e.g., molecular weight and the presence of specific amino acids within sequences and compositions) of FBPs. We also discuss in silico approaches for FBP screening and their limitations. Finally, we summarize recent advancements in formulation techniques to improve the bioavailability of FBPs in the food industry, thereby contributing to healthcare applications.
Humans ; Peptides/therapeutic use* ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Functional Food ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy* ; Biological Availability ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy* ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy* ; Hypertension/drug therapy* ; Liver Diseases/drug therapy* ; Bioactive Peptides, Dietary

Objective To evaluate the effect of laparoscopic surgery on incarcerated inguinal hernia(IIH)in children.Methods A total of 81 IIH children treated at Jinhua Maternal & Child Health Hospital from September 2018 to December 2023 were selected as subjects.The children were divided into laparoscopic surgery group(n=45)and open surgery group(n=36).Comparative analysis was conducted on admission age,gender,duration of incarceration,surgical timing,intraoperative hernia contents,and postoperative complications between two groups.Results Operative duration,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative bowel function recovery time,number of occult hernias,and hospitalization duration in laparoscopic surgery group were statistically better than those in open surgery group(P＜0.05).There were fewer postoperative complications in laparoscopic group compared to open surgery group,there was significant difference between two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with traditional open surgery,laparoscopic surgery for IIH in children has the advantages of less trauma,shorter operation time and hospitalization time,and less intraoperative bleeding.

Objective To discuss the application value of single-port laparoscopy assisted testicular fixation in treating pediatric inguinal cryptorchidism.Methods A total of 128 children with inguinal cryptorchidism admitted to Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2024 to March 2025 were enrolled in this study.Using a randomized digital table method,the children were divided into observation group(n=64)and control group(n=64).The observation group underwent single-port laparoscopy assisted testicular fixation surgery,while control group received conventional three-port laparoscopy surgery.Intraoperative blood loss,surgical duration,hospitalization time,hospitalization costs,and incision length,differences in inflammatory markers,pain stress indicators,sex hormone levels,and complications were compared between two groups.Results Compared to control group,the surgical duration and postoperative hospitalization time were shorter in observation group,intraoperative blood loss was lower in observation group,incision length was shorter in observation group,hospitalization costs was higher in observation group,and vancouver scar scale scores was lower in observation group(P＜0.05).One day postoperatively,interleukin-6,superimposed C-reactive protein,and prostaglandin E2 were increased compared to pre-treatment levels in both groups.The reduction in observation group was more significant than that in control group(P＜0.05).One day postoperatively,levels of neuropeptide Y,nerve growth factor,and substance P were decreased in both groups.The increase in observation group was more pronounced than that in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Single-port laparoscopy is used for pediatric inguinal cryptorchidism with the advantages of minimally invasive,safety and fast recovery.It can effectively reduce postoperative inflammation and pain response,and does not affect sex hormone level and testicular development,with high clinical application value.

Establishing a governance structure and an operational model that is compatible with modern hospital manage-ment systems,deepening the reform of hospital management institutions,and exploring the implementation of Super-department System with unified functions are inevitable requirements for promoting the high-quality development of public hospitals.Hospital of Stomatology of Sun Yat-sen University takes the Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as a guide and fully implements the"Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the High Quality Development of Public Hospitals,"integrates party building work and vocational work,carries out practical exploration of the reform of the Su-per-department System,and leads the hospital to achieve phased results in high-quality development.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is one of the most effective revascularization treatments for coronary heart disease. Secondary prevention strategies, which rely on antiplatelet and lipid-lowering drugs, are crucial after CABG to ensure the durability of revascularization treatment effects and prevent adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in the medium to long term. Previous research conducted by Professor Zhao Qiang's team from Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, known as the DACAB study, indicated that dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT, specifically ticagrelor+aspirin) after CABG can enhance venous graft patency. However, it remains uncertain whether DAPT can further improve the medium to long-term clinical outcomes of CABG patients. Recently, the team reported the medium to long-term follow-up results of the DACAB study, termed the DACAB-FE study, finding that DAPT administered after CABG can reduce the incidence of major cardiovascular events over five years and improve patients' medium to long-term clinical outcomes. This article will interpret the methodological highlights and significant clinical implications of the DACAB-FE study.

Objective:To explore the application of an automatic slide-dropping instrument in bone marrow chromosomal karyotyping.Methods:The effects of manual and automatic dropping methods under different environmental humidity were retrospectively analyzed, and the repeatability of the automatic dropping method was analyzed.Results:No statistical difference was found between the results of automatic and manual dropping methods under the optimum ambient humidity and high humidity ( P>0.05). At low humidity, there was a statistical difference between the two methods ( P<0.05). With regard to the repeatability, the coefficient of variations of the automatic dropping method for the number of split phases, the rate of good dispersion and the rate of overlap were all lower than those of the manual dropping method. A statistical difference was also found in the number of split phases ( P<0.05) but not in the discrete excellent rate and overlapping rate between the two methods ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Better effect can be obtained by the automatic dropping instrument. It is suggested to gradually replace manual work with machine.