After two decades of development, transcatheter left atrial appendage closure has emerged as a safe and effective intervention for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. In 2024, significant advancements were made in the field of left atrial appendage closure in terms of evidence-based medicine, device research and development, and guideline consensus. The annual report on transcatheter left atrial appendage closure systematically reviews global academic progress in 2024, encompassing newly published clinical evidence, recently developed occlusion devices, and updated international guidelines/consensus statements. In the future, the development direction of transcatheter left atrial appendage closure mainly includes expanding surgical indications, optimizing imaging assistance technology, improving closure device design, and exploring individualized strategies for postoperative antithrombotic therapy.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for cough variant asthma (CVA) and investigate the influence of indoor environment on CVA. Methods From July 2021 to August 2024, 315 patients admitted to the hospital due to CVA were selected as the CAV group. Meanwhile, 100 healthy individuals were selected as the control group. Clinical data of all subjects were collected. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify the influencing factors of CVA. Results The proportions of subjects with family history and recurrent respiratory tract infection in the CVA group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The CVA group had significantly higher rates of indoor renovation, mold growth, infrequent bedding cleaning, opening window for ventilation once to 3 times a week, keeping pets, and passive smoking compared to the control group within one year, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that indoor-decoration in the past year (OR=2.282, 95%CI: 1.1454.549), mould growth (OR=2.036, 95%CI: 1.228-3.376), opening window for ventilation once to 3 times a week (OR=1.895, 95%CI: 1.253-2.865), seldom cleaning bedding (OR=2.257, 95%CI: 1.132-4.499), keeping pets (OR=2.071, 95%CI: 1.146-3.743), and passive smoking (OR=2.208, 95%CI: 1.377-3.541) were independent risk factors for CVA (P<0.05). Conclusion There is a significant correlation between the occurrence of CVA and indoor environment. Changes in indoor environment include indoor-decoration in the past year, mould growth, low frequency of opening window for ventilation, low frequency of bedding cleaning, keeping pets and passive smoking which are risk factors for the occurrence of CVA.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot is a complex condition with high incidence, recurrence, mortality, and disability rates. Current treatments for diabetic foot ulcers are often insufficient. This study was conducted to identify potential therapeutic targets for diabetic foot. METHODS: Datasets related to diabetic foot and diabetic skin were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using R software. Enrichment analysis was conducted to screen for critical gene functions and pathways. A protein interaction network was constructed to identify node genes corresponding to key proteins. The DEGs and node genes were overlapped to pinpoint target genes. Plasma and chronic ulcer samples from diabetic and non-diabetic individuals were collected. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to verify the S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9), inflammatory cytokine, and related pathway protein levels. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to measure epidermal layer thickness. RESULTS: In total, 283 common DEGs and 42 node genes in diabetic foot ulcers were identified. Forty-three genes were differentially expressed in the skin of diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. The overlapping of the most significant DEGs and node genes led to the identification of S100A9 as a target gene. The S100A9 level was significantly higher in diabetic than in non-diabetic plasma (178.40 ± 44.65 ng/mL vs. 40.84 ± 18.86 ng/mL) and in chronic ulcers, and the wound healing time correlated positively with the plasma S100A9 level. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin [IL]-1, and IL-6) and related pathway proteins (phospho-extracellular signal regulated kinase [ERK], phospho-p38, phospho-p65, and p-protein kinase B [Akt]) were also elevated. The epidermal layer was notably thinner in chronic diabetic ulcers than in non-diabetic skin (24.17 ± 25.60 μm vs. 412.00 ± 181.60 μm). CONCLUSIONS S100A9 was significantly upregulated in diabetic foot and was associated with prolonged wound healing. S100A9 may impair diabetic wound healing by disrupting local inflammatory responses and skin re-epithelialization.
Calgranulin B/therapeutic use* ; Diabetic Foot/metabolism* ; Humans ; Datasets as Topic ; Computational Biology ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Animals ; Mice ; Protein Interaction Maps ; Immunohistochemistry

The Masquelet technique, also known as the induced membrane technique, is a surgical technique for repairing large bone defects based on the use of a membrane generated by a foreign body reaction for bone grafting. This technique is not only simple to perform, with few complications and quick recovery, but also has excellent clinical results. To better understand the mechanisms by which this technique promotes bone defect repair and the factors that require special attention in practice, we examined and summarized the relevant research advances in this technique by searching, reading, and analysing the literature. Literature show that the Masquelet technique may promote the repair of bone defects through the physical septum and molecular barrier, vascular network, enrichment of mesenchymal stem cells, and high expression of bone-related growth factors, and the repair process is affected by the properties of spacers, the timing of bone graft, mechanical environment, intramembrane filling materials, artificial membrane, and pharmaceutical/biological agents/physical stimulation.
Humans ; Bone Transplantation/methods* ; Membranes, Artificial ; Bone Regeneration ; Animals

Obesity, as a chronic recurrent disease, has become a major public health challenge in China. To implement the requirements of the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030), under domestic guidelines or consensus statements on overweight and obesity, and in alignment with the latest scientific advances globally, the Quality control protocol for adult overweight and obesity screening in health management (examination) institutions (2025 edition) was developed. This protocol was drafted by the Health Management Center of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and formulated through multiple rounds of deliberation by experts in China’s health examination quality control field. The protocol establishes unified standards for screening facilities, personnel qualifications, and measurement or testing procedures. It defines specific screening items, outlines a standardized screening pathway, and sets requirements for the final medical review, ensuring the scientific validity, effectiveness, and safety of the screening process. The implementation of this protocol will enhance the consistency of weight management practices for adults across health examination institutions and strengthen the quality control of overweight and obesity screening programs.

Background::Early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) can considerably improve the prognosis of patients. Aberrant cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation signatures are a promising tool for detecting ESCC. However, available markers based on cell-free DNA methylation are still inadequate. This study aimed to identify ESCC-specific cfDNA methylation markers and evaluate the diagnostic performance in the early detection of ESCC.Methods::We performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) for 24 ESCC tissues and their normal adjacent tissues. Based on the WGBS data, we identified 21,469,837 eligible CpG sites (CpGs). By integrating several methylation datasets, we identified several promising ESCC-specific cell-free DNA methylation markers. Finally, we developed a dual-marker panel based on methylated KCNA3 and OTOP2, and then, we evaluated its performance in our training and validation cohorts. Results::The ESCC diagnostic model constructed based on KCNA3 and OTOP2 had an AUC of 0.91 [95% CI: 0.85–0.95], and an optimal sensitivity and specificity of 84.91% and 94.32%, respectively, in the training cohort. In the independent validation cohort, the AUC was 0.88 [95% CI: 0.83–0.92], along with an optimal sensitivity of 81.5% and specificity of 92.9%. The model sensitivity for stage I–II ESCC was 78.4%, which was slightly lower than the sensitivity of the model (85.7%) for stage III–IV ESCC. Conclusion::The dual-target panel based on cfDNA showed excellent performance for detecting ESCC and might be an alternative strategy for screening ESCC.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement (TTVR) in cardiac implantable electronic lead-related tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Methods The patients with severe TR who underwent LuX-Valve TTVR in 9 Chinese medical centers from June 2020 to August 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. They were divided into a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) group and a non-CIED group based on whether they had pre-existing CIED implantation. Success of the procedure was defined as safe implantation of the LuX-Valve and complete withdrawal of the delivery system. Prognostic improvement was defined as a decrease of TR grade to≤2+ and an improvement of cardiac function by≥2 grades. Surgical success and postoperative prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 190 patients were collected, including 50 males and 140 females with a mean age of 66.2±7.8 years. There were 29 patients in the CIED group, and 161 patients in the non-CIED group. In the CIED group, 28 patients were implanted with a permanent pacemaker and 1 patient with a cardioverter-defibrillator. Preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function class, TR degree, left ventricular ejection fraction, tricuspid annular plane systolic excusion, and cardiac risk scores were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). Postoperative TR was reduced to≤2+ in all patients, and there was no statistical difference in the incidence of perivalvular leakage between the two groups (P=0.270). Postoperative CT of CIED patients showed the valve was in place, and the lead was not extruded, twisted, or deflected. The in-hospital mortality of the two groups were 10.3% and 1.9%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.047). In addition, there was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of postoperative improvement of cardiac function and mortality in the 1- and 2-year follow-up. Conclusion TTVR is feasible, safe, and effective in patients with CIED implantation, and the pre-existing lead has no significant effect on the clinical efficacy.

Objective　To understand the characteristics of cercariae and their shedding from Parafossarulus striatulus in Jiangxi Province, providing a scientific basis for the control of trematode cercariae. Methods From September to November 2023, P. striatulus snails were collected three times from a fish pond in Xinfeng County, Jiangxi Province. Cercaria infection was identified by the cercarial shedding method. From 06:00 to 18:00 each day over two consecutive days, the number of released cercariae was recorded under constant temperature at an interval of 2 hours. Morphological characteristics of the cercariae were observed under the microscope. DNA from different cercariae was extracted, and internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) was amplified by PCR. The amplified products were sequenced, and the sequences were then compared by Blast. With Clonorchis sinensis as the outgroup, a phylogenetic tree based on the ITS2 gene sequence was constructed by the neighbor-joining method using MEGA 7.0 software to determine the species of escaped cercariae. Results A total of 1 982 P. striatulus snails were collected, with two species of cercariae emerging, showing an overall positive rate of 1.21% (24/1 982). Cercaria a was oval-shaped, with a blunt front end and slightly pointed rear end. No cercaria shedded from 8:00 to 12:00, and a small amount was released after noon. The shedding rate gradually increased after 16:00, reached a peak at 18:00, and gradually declined after 20:00. Cercaria b consisted of body and tail parts, with the tail longer than the body and bifurcated at the end, displaying movement in "man" or "Y" shapes. The shedding rate of cercaria b gradually increased between 08:00 and 12:00, peaked at 12:00, decreased gradually thereafter, and almost no cercariae emerged after 16:00, with no escape at night, possibly related to light exposure. Gene sequencing and sequence comparison showed that the ITS2 gene of cercaria a had the highest homology with Lecithodendrium linstowi, whereas cercaria b showed the highest homology with Holostephanus dubinini. Conclusions　P. striatulus snails in Jiangxi Province can be infected with different species of cercariae, which display significant differences in the biological characteristics and shedding pattern. Molecular analysis shows that cercaria a may belong to the genus of Lecithodendrium, and cercaria b may be H.dubinini. Understanding the biological characteristics of cercariae could be valuable for implementing corresponding control measures for different species of trematodes.

Dysregulated RNA splicing events produce transcripts that facilitate esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression, but how this splicing process is abnormally regulated remains elusive. Here, we unveiled a novel alternative splicing axis of BOLA3 transcripts and its regulator HNRNPC in ESCC. The long-form BOLA3 (BOLA3-L) containing exon 3 exhibited high expression levels in ESCC and was associated with poor prognosis. Functional assays demonstrated the protumorigenic function of BOLA3-L in ESCC cells. Additionally, HNRNPC bound to BOLA3 mRNA and promoted BOLA3 exon 3 inclusion forming BOLA3-L. High HNRNPC expression was positively correlated with the presence of BOLA3-L and associated with an unfavorable prognosis. HNRNPC knockdown effectively suppressed the malignant biological behavior of ESCC cells, which were significantly rescued by BOLA3-L overexpression. Moreover, BOLA3-L played a significant role in mitochondrial structural and functional stability. E2F7 acted as a key transcription factor that promoted the upregulation of HNRNPC and inclusion of BOLA3 exon 3. Our findings provided novel insights into how alternative splicing contributes to ESCC progression.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Alternative Splicing ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Progression ; Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/pathology* ; Exons/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group C/metabolism* ; Prognosis ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; Animals

[摘 要] 目的：构建中空硫化铜纳米酶脂质复合载体CuS@LIP并探讨其联合激光照射杀伤黑色素瘤B6-F10细胞的效果与机制。方法：构建（2,3-二油酰基-丙基）-三甲胺-丙烷（氯盐）（DOTAP）阳离子脂质体包被硫化铜纳米载体CuS@LIP，研究不同质量浓度的CuS与CuS@LIP在1 064 nm激光照射下的光热性能和热稳定性，通过H2O2与3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺（TMB）催化活性检测体系检测CuS@LIP的类过氧化物活性；用系列质量浓度梯度的CuS、CuS@LIP在有/无激光条件下分别处理B16-F10细胞，CCK-8法检测细胞的存活率，Calcein-AM/PI染色法、Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI染色法结合流式细胞仪分别检测20 μg/mL CuS或CuS@LIP在激光照射或非激光照射条件下对B16-F10细胞活力和凋亡的影响。结果：成功制备的CuS@LIP的平均粒径为（178.23±6.46）nm，平均Zeta电位为（20.47±0.93）mV；在激光照射下，80 μg/mL CuS@LIP最高温度可达65.4 ℃，比单纯CuS的63.4 ℃更高；经3个激光开关周期测试，CuS@LIP终点温度基本保持不变；此外，CuS@LIP与CuS具有相同的类过氧化物酶催化活性。低于20 μg/mL的CuS@LIP在体外对B16-F10细胞的增殖活性没有明显影响（P>0.05），但联合激光照射后细胞存活率明显降低（29.76±3.60）% vs （87.95±8.18）%，P<0.000 1，细胞凋亡率显著升高[（19.34±4.41）% vs （13.36±0.86）%，P<0.01]。结论：制备的CuS@LIP具有符合设计要求的理化性质、良好的光热性能和优异的类过氧化物酶催化活性，其与激光照射联合后显示出更优异的杀伤B16-F10细胞的效果。