AIM:To compare the clinical efficacy of phacoemulsification with 2.2 mm versus 3.0 mm clear corneal incisions in patients with age-related cataract(ARC).

METHODS: ARC patients treated in the Ophthalmology Department of the hospital from January 2025 to November 2025 were retrospectively enrolled and divided into two groups according to the corneal incision size: the observation group underwent 2.2 mm clear corneal incision, while the control group underwent 3.0 mm clear corneal incision. The two groups were compared in terms of intraoperative parameters, pre- and postoperstive best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), surgically induced astigmatism(SIA)at 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo postoperatively, inflammatory response(anterior chamber flare value and anterior chamber inflammatory cell count)at 1 and 3 d postoperatively, corneal endothelial cell parameters \〖corneal endothelial cell density(CECD), hexagonal cell ratio(HEX), coefficient of variation(CV)of cell area, and corneal endothelial cell loss rate\〗 measured preoperatively and at 3 mo postoperatively, and the incidence of complications within 3 mo after surgery.

RESULTS:A total of 120 ARC patients(120 eyes for patients with bilateral eyes meeting the inclusion criteria, only the right eye was enrolled)were enrolled, with 60 patients(60 eyes)in the observation group(31 males and 29 females, mean 68.93±6.01 y)and 60 patients(60 eyes)in the control group(28 males and 32 females, mean 69.25±5.73 y). No statistically significant differences were observed in preoperative baseline data between the two groups(all P>0.05). The mean intraoperative ultrasound time, mean phacoemulsification energy, cumulative dissipated energy, and volume of irrigation fluid used in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(all P<0.01. At 1 d and 1 wk postoperatively, BCVA in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group(both P<0.05). At 1 and 3 mo postoperatively, there was no statistically significant difference in BCVA between the two groups(both P>0.01). At 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo postoperatively, SIA in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the change in astigmatism axis at 3 mo postoperatively was also significantly smaller in the observation group(P<0.01). At 1 and 3 d postoperatively, the anterior chamber flare value and inflammatory cell count in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05). At 3 mo postoperatively, CECD and HEX in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while CV and endothelial cell loss rate were significantly lower(all P<0.05). The total incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was 11.7%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group(26.7%, P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:Compared with the 3.0 mm clear corneal incision, the 2.2 mm clear corneal incision phacoemulsification for ARC can significantly improve phacoemulsification efficiency, reduce early postoperative inflammatory response and SIA, accelerate visual recovery, better preserve the morphology and function of corneal endothelial cells in the short term, and lower the incidence of complications.

Objective To analyze the current status of outcome measures in randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of acupuncture treatment for vascular dementia(VD)and promote the development of a standardized set of outcome measures.Methods Chinese and English literature databases were searched,including the Chinese Medical Periodical Full-Text Database,the Chinese Biology Medicine disc,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,VIP Database,PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,MEDLINE,Web of Science,Chinese Clinical Trials Registry,and the International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry.Two researchers independently screened RCT literature on acupuncture treatment for VD between January 1,2015 and January 1,2025,risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool.Extract basic study information,intervention measures,diagnostic criteria for both Chinese and Western medicine,TCM syndromes,and outcome measures.Summarize the indicator domains of RCT studies on acupuncture treatment for VD,and analyze the basic information and outcome measures of the included studies.Results A preliminary search identified 2,898 articles,of which 93 RCTs were ultimately included.These studies involved 84 outcome measures,covering six indicator domains:symptoms/signs(23.81%),traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes(3.57%),medical checkups(60.71%),quality of life(5.95%),safety assessment(4.76%),and prognosis follow-up(1.19%).A total of 91(97.85%)RCTs reported treatment duration,ranging from 2 to 24 weeks;72(77.42%)RCTs used clinical efficacy as the outcome indicator;11 studies(11.83%)reported safety assessments and adverse events.Conclusion Currently,the RCT study design for acupuncture treatment of VD lacks unified standards and has numerous methodological issues.These include insufficient description of sample size estimation processes,strong reliance on subjective rating scales,ambiguous definitions of primary and secondary outcome measures,incomplete integration of Chinese and Western medical indicators,and insufficient reflection of individualized syndrome differentiation and treatment characteristics.In addition,safety assessments and follow-up mechanisms remain relatively weak.Future research should focus on the essential nature of VD,establish a core set of indicators aligned with the clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine,promote the scientific and standardized development of acupuncture research for VD,and provide more compelling evidence-based support for clinical practice.

Objective:To review and analyze obesity-related research projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) to understand the overall landscape and hotspots of approval in this field, and to provide reference for subsequent applicants.Methods:To assess the funding situation of obesity-related projects from 2014 to 2023, we used " obesity" as a search term to extract project information from ZCOOL, LetPub, and MedSci databases. The data were organized, frequency statistics were performed, and results were presented visually using Excel spreadsheets.Results:Over the past 10 years, the NSFC has funded a total of 778 obesity-related research projects with a funding amount of 350 million yuan, showing a constant upward trend. In terms of project types, general projects and youth projects accounted for 87.66%, with other categories, such as key projects, regional projects, major research plans, and international collaboration projects, providing diversified support for obesity research. In terms of disciplinary distribution, obesity-related projects encompass not only medical and life sciences but also fields such as chemistry, information science, earth science, mathematical sciences, management, and others, demonstrating the interdisciplinary integration of research. The primary research directions include obesity prevention and treatment and obesity-related complications. Regional analysis indicates that the issue of uneven development among provinces persists in obesity research.Conclusion:The continuous investment of NSFC in obesity-related research has contributed to the advancement of obesity research in China, enabling the country to play a leading role in the international field.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of Changpu Yujin Tang(CPYJT)on the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1/Gasdermin D(NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD)signaling pathway-mediated neuroinflammation in rats with Tourette syndrome(TS).Methods SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into the Control and TS groups.After successful modeling in the TS group,the rats were randomly divided into the Model,Tiapride,and CPYJT groups,and were treated with the corresponding drugs for 4 weeks.After the treatment,the rats' behavior was scored,H & E staining was used to observe pathological changes in the striatum,ELISA was used to measure the content of IL-1β and IL-18,RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 and ASC mRNA,and Western blot was used to detect the expression of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD,and GSDMD-NT proteins.Results Compared with the Control group,the Model group showed increased scores of stereotyped and motor behaviors(P＜0.01),pathological changes in the striatal tissue,increased content of IL-1β and IL-18(P＜0.01),and upregulated expression of NLRP3,ASC mRNA,and NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD,and GSDMD-NT proteins(P＜0.01).Compared with the Model group,the Tiapride group and the CPYJT group showed decreased scores of stereotyped and motor behaviors(P＜0.01),improved pathological damage in the striatal tissue,reduced content of IL-1β and IL-18(P＜0.01),and inhibited expression of NLRP3,ASC mRNA,and NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,Cleaved-Caspase-1,GSDMD,and GSDMD-NT proteins(P＜0.01).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of CPYJT on TS is related to the inhibition of the neuroinflammatory response mediated by the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway.

Peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer is a common metastatic form in advanced gastric cancer, and conventional systemic chemotherapy has shown unsatisfactory efficacy. This article systematically examines the clinical value and implementation strategies of normothermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and systemic therapy (NIPS) in the treatment of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis. It covers aspects such as the precise selection of treatment candidates, optimization of drug regimens, standardized management of intraperitoneal chemotherapy ports, determination of the appropriate timing for conversion surgery, and postoperative treatment optimization. The aim is to provide scientific guidance for the clinical application of NIPS, promote its standardization, and improve the prognosis for patients with gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis.

Once peritoneal metastasis occurs, the prognosis of gastric cancer is extremely poor, and the median survival time is only about 6-9 months. In recent years, the clinical research on peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer has become a hot spot. Based on the research results at home and abroad, the author put forward several important measures, which will contribute to further improve the curative effect of gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis. (1) Improving the preoperative diagnostic rate of peritoneal metastasis is a prerequisite factor; (2) actively preventing peritoneal metastasis is the priority strategy; (3) combining systemic and intraperitoneal therapy is the key mode. (4) performing radical conversion surgery is the fundamental means. In this paper, the above important issues are discussed to communicate with colleagues.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value and safety of an intraperitoneal chemotherapy port technique in patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastases undergoing intraperitoneal chemotherapy.Methods:This was a retrospective, descriptive case analysis. From November 2022 to October 2024, patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastases at Wuxi Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine with an expected survival >3 months, underwent laparoscopic exploration combined with implantation of an intraperitoneal chemotherapy port [PORT-A-CATH II system (Model 21-4055-24)] implantation. The procedure was as follows: (1) after laparoscopic exploration, a 4-cm skin incision was made at a predetermined site and a subcutaneous pocket created by dissecting to the muscle fascia and removing subcutaneous fat as needed to position the port septum 0.5-1.0 cm from the skin surface; (2) under direct laparoscopic visualization, the abdominal cavity was punctured and a guidewire inserted, followed by an 8.5 Fr sheath, through which a catheter with three trimmed side holes was placed after removal of the sheath; (3) the catheter length in the abdominal cavity was adjusted to 25–30 cm and the catheter trimmed, and connected to the port base, ensuring it extended beyond the connector's visible hole; (4) the whole port was placed within the subcutaneous pocket, and non-absorbable sutures used to create a double purse-string suture at the catheter's abdominal entry, forming an anti-reflux ring; (5) non-absorbable sutures were used to securely fix the port to the fascia through its four base holes and the exposed catheter segments on the fascia sutured and buried; (6) patency was confirmed by injecting saline and followed by intermittent skin closure provided there was no bleeding; and (7) the catheter tip was positioned in the pelvic cavity under laparoscopic guidance. Postoperatively, the patients underwent normothermic intraperitoneal and systemic treatment. The port infusion protocol involved disinfecting the skin (>10 cm diameter) around the port, confirming the puncture site, inserting a Huber needle vertically at 90° to the port base, infusing 100 mL saline to ensure patency, followed by continuous infusion of 1000 mL paclitaxel solution, and sealing with 20 mL saline before removing the needle. No saline flushing was required between chemotherapy infusions. The primary outcomes were the incidence and management of complications post-port implantation.Results:The study cohort comprised 225 patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastases. Using standardized port implantation and postoperative puncture procedures, the complication rate during follow-up was 14.2% (32/225), including effusion in 14 patients (6.2%), port infection in 10 (4.4%), incision dehiscence in four (1.8%), port inversion in two (0.9%), hematoma in one (0.4%), and catheter rupture in one (0.4%). Seventy-five percent (24/32) of patients with complications recovered and continued using the port after conservative treatments (e. g., aspiration of effusions, antibiotic therapy, incision management), whereas the remaining 25.0% (8/32) with complications required surgical removal of the port because the treatment was ineffective. The presence of preoperative ascites ( P=0.019) and peritoneal cancer index score>15 ( P=0.038) were significantly associated with development of complications. Conclusions:Our standardized procedure for intraperitoneal chemotherapy port implantation is safe and feasible for patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastases, having a low overall complication rate. Most complications can be successfully managed with conservative treatment, the device thus providing reliable support for intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Tic disorder is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder with complex etiology and diverse phenotypes,and its incidence has been increasing significantly in recent years.Most scholars believe that abnormalities in the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit and its interconnected brain regions are closely related to the development of tic disorder.Chinese materia medica intervention in tic disorders is characterized by multi-targets,multi-mechanisms and holistic nature,and has a good prospect for research application.This article summarized the experimental studies of TCM compound intervention in tic disorder in recent years,which have shown that TCM compounds could reduce the damage of nerve cells through the regulation of neurotransmitters,inflammatory response,immune function and the"colony-gut-brain axis"to improve and prevent tic disorder,which could provide a reference for the research and development of new medicines for tic disorder and for the clinical research.

Tic disorder is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder with complex etiology and diverse phenotypes,and its incidence has been increasing significantly in recent years.Most scholars believe that abnormalities in the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit and its interconnected brain regions are closely related to the development of tic disorder.Chinese materia medica intervention in tic disorders is characterized by multi-targets,multi-mechanisms and holistic nature,and has a good prospect for research application.This article summarized the experimental studies of TCM compound intervention in tic disorder in recent years,which have shown that TCM compounds could reduce the damage of nerve cells through the regulation of neurotransmitters,inflammatory response,immune function and the"colony-gut-brain axis"to improve and prevent tic disorder,which could provide a reference for the research and development of new medicines for tic disorder and for the clinical research.

Objective:To review and analyze obesity-related research projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) to understand the overall landscape and hotspots of approval in this field, and to provide reference for subsequent applicants.Methods:To assess the funding situation of obesity-related projects from 2014 to 2023, we used " obesity" as a search term to extract project information from ZCOOL, LetPub, and MedSci databases. The data were organized, frequency statistics were performed, and results were presented visually using Excel spreadsheets.Results:Over the past 10 years, the NSFC has funded a total of 778 obesity-related research projects with a funding amount of 350 million yuan, showing a constant upward trend. In terms of project types, general projects and youth projects accounted for 87.66%, with other categories, such as key projects, regional projects, major research plans, and international collaboration projects, providing diversified support for obesity research. In terms of disciplinary distribution, obesity-related projects encompass not only medical and life sciences but also fields such as chemistry, information science, earth science, mathematical sciences, management, and others, demonstrating the interdisciplinary integration of research. The primary research directions include obesity prevention and treatment and obesity-related complications. Regional analysis indicates that the issue of uneven development among provinces persists in obesity research.Conclusion:The continuous investment of NSFC in obesity-related research has contributed to the advancement of obesity research in China, enabling the country to play a leading role in the international field.