Objective To explore the palliative care needs of peritoneal dialysis patients and their care-givers,providine a scientific basis for the targeted implementation of palliative care intervention programs.Methods A semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted on 14 patients and 6 caregivers at a peritoneal dialysis center in a third-class hospital in Beijing.We used the Colaizzi seven-step data analysis method and the phenomenological method of qualitative research to analyze the data and refine the theme.Results Through the analysis,5 theme groups were summarized,including the need to alleviate physiological and psychological symptoms,the need for family support and help,the need for social help,the lack of understanding of pallia-tive care,and the lack of scientific view of death.Conclusions Peritoneal dialysis patients and their caregiv-ers have a strong need for palliative care.Medical staff should fully respect the uniqueness of peritoneal dialysis patients and implement targeted palliative care interventions based on their needs and preferences,so as to ef-fectively improve their quality of life.

Objective To explore the effects of Dushu pills on cognitive ability and mitochondrial dynamics related proteins in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease(AD)based on network pharmacology.Methods The corresponding targets of Dushu pills and its related targets with AD were predicted using TCMSP database.The intersection targets of Dushu pills and AD were obtained by Venny website.The protein interaction network and drug-disease-target network were mapped using String database and Cytoscape software,respectively.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed for intersection targets using David database.The mouse model of AD was established by injecting Aβ25-35 into bilateral ventricles.The learning and memory ability of the mice was detected by behavioral tests,the mitochondrial damage of neurons in the hippocampus was observed by transmission electron microscopy,and the expression of proteins related to mitochondrial dynamics was detected by Western blot.Results A total of 311 intersection targets related to drugs and diseases were screened out from the database.GO and KEGG analysis showed that the relevant targets were concentrated in mitochondria and other components,and concentrated in the pathways of ATP binding and positive regulation of MAPK activity.Compared with the normal group,the learning and memory ability of the model group was decreased(P<0.05),mitochondrial ridges appeared swelling and fracture(P<0.0001),decreased expression of MAPK,Mfn2 and OPA1 proteins in hippocampus(P<0.01),the expression of DRP1 protein increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the learning and memory ability of mice in the medium and high dose groups of Dushu pills was improved(P<0.05),mitochondrial damage was significantly improved(P<0.01),increased expression of MAPK,Mfn2 and OPA1 in the hippocampus(P<0.01),DRP1 protein expression decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Dushu pills can reduce mitochondrial damage,maintain mitochondrial homeostasis,and improve the cognitive and memory ability of AD mice.

Objective:To review the literature on surrogate decision making in stroke patients, and to clarify the application status of proxy decision making in stroke patients.Methods:Using the scope review guide as the methodological framework, studies on the application of surrogate decision in stroke patients, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, China Biology Medicine databases were searched from the database inception to January 12, 2024.Results:A total of 20 articles were included, including 12 cross-sectional studies, 6 qualitative studies, 1 cohort study, and 1 case report. At present, surrogate decision was mainly used in brain surgery, tube placement and comfort care. The agent had a complicated mood when making a decision and self-doubt after making a decision. Agency decision making was susceptible to demographic factors, disease-related factors, cultural factors, emotional and psychological factors and other factors. Although the outcomes of most proxy decisions were in line with patient preferences, there was a difference in the estimates of prognosis between agents and medical staff.Conclusions:Proxy decision making is widely used in the field of stroke, but the psychological burden of agents is heavy. Developing advance care planning for stroke patients and developing decision aids may help agents make the best decision.

Objective:To translate the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) into Chinese, and test its reliability and validity in breast cancer patients.Methods:Using the Brislin translation model, cross-cultural adaptation was conducted by combining expert consultation and a pre-survey on SSRQ. From August to December 2023, 324 breast cancer patients from Department of Breast Surgery of Peking University First Hospital were selected by convenience sampling to test the reliability and validity of SSRQ.Results:A total of 324 questionnaires were distributed and 307 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 94.75% (307/324). The final questionnaire consisted of 30 items. The content validity index at the item level ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, and the content validity index at the scale level was 0.97. The predictive validity result showed a good model fit. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the questionnaire was 0.90, the folded reliability coefficient was 0.85, and the retest reliability coefficient was 0.79.Conclusions:SSRQ has good reliability and validity in breast cancer patients and has value for clinical promotion.

Objective To explore the palliative care needs of peritoneal dialysis patients and their care-givers,providine a scientific basis for the targeted implementation of palliative care intervention programs.Methods A semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted on 14 patients and 6 caregivers at a peritoneal dialysis center in a third-class hospital in Beijing.We used the Colaizzi seven-step data analysis method and the phenomenological method of qualitative research to analyze the data and refine the theme.Results Through the analysis,5 theme groups were summarized,including the need to alleviate physiological and psychological symptoms,the need for family support and help,the need for social help,the lack of understanding of pallia-tive care,and the lack of scientific view of death.Conclusions Peritoneal dialysis patients and their caregiv-ers have a strong need for palliative care.Medical staff should fully respect the uniqueness of peritoneal dialysis patients and implement targeted palliative care interventions based on their needs and preferences,so as to ef-fectively improve their quality of life.

Objective:To review the literature on surrogate decision making in stroke patients, and to clarify the application status of proxy decision making in stroke patients.Methods:Using the scope review guide as the methodological framework, studies on the application of surrogate decision in stroke patients, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, China Biology Medicine databases were searched from the database inception to January 12, 2024.Results:A total of 20 articles were included, including 12 cross-sectional studies, 6 qualitative studies, 1 cohort study, and 1 case report. At present, surrogate decision was mainly used in brain surgery, tube placement and comfort care. The agent had a complicated mood when making a decision and self-doubt after making a decision. Agency decision making was susceptible to demographic factors, disease-related factors, cultural factors, emotional and psychological factors and other factors. Although the outcomes of most proxy decisions were in line with patient preferences, there was a difference in the estimates of prognosis between agents and medical staff.Conclusions:Proxy decision making is widely used in the field of stroke, but the psychological burden of agents is heavy. Developing advance care planning for stroke patients and developing decision aids may help agents make the best decision.

Objective To explore the effects of Dushu pills on cognitive ability and mitochondrial dynamics related proteins in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease(AD)based on network pharmacology.Methods The corresponding targets of Dushu pills and its related targets with AD were predicted using TCMSP database.The intersection targets of Dushu pills and AD were obtained by Venny website.The protein interaction network and drug-disease-target network were mapped using String database and Cytoscape software,respectively.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed for intersection targets using David database.The mouse model of AD was established by injecting Aβ25-35 into bilateral ventricles.The learning and memory ability of the mice was detected by behavioral tests,the mitochondrial damage of neurons in the hippocampus was observed by transmission electron microscopy,and the expression of proteins related to mitochondrial dynamics was detected by Western blot.Results A total of 311 intersection targets related to drugs and diseases were screened out from the database.GO and KEGG analysis showed that the relevant targets were concentrated in mitochondria and other components,and concentrated in the pathways of ATP binding and positive regulation of MAPK activity.Compared with the normal group,the learning and memory ability of the model group was decreased(P<0.05),mitochondrial ridges appeared swelling and fracture(P<0.0001),decreased expression of MAPK,Mfn2 and OPA1 proteins in hippocampus(P<0.01),the expression of DRP1 protein increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the learning and memory ability of mice in the medium and high dose groups of Dushu pills was improved(P<0.05),mitochondrial damage was significantly improved(P<0.01),increased expression of MAPK,Mfn2 and OPA1 in the hippocampus(P<0.01),DRP1 protein expression decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Dushu pills can reduce mitochondrial damage,maintain mitochondrial homeostasis,and improve the cognitive and memory ability of AD mice.

Objective:To translate the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) into Chinese, and test its reliability and validity in breast cancer patients.Methods:Using the Brislin translation model, cross-cultural adaptation was conducted by combining expert consultation and a pre-survey on SSRQ. From August to December 2023, 324 breast cancer patients from Department of Breast Surgery of Peking University First Hospital were selected by convenience sampling to test the reliability and validity of SSRQ.Results:A total of 324 questionnaires were distributed and 307 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 94.75% (307/324). The final questionnaire consisted of 30 items. The content validity index at the item level ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, and the content validity index at the scale level was 0.97. The predictive validity result showed a good model fit. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the questionnaire was 0.90, the folded reliability coefficient was 0.85, and the retest reliability coefficient was 0.79.Conclusions:SSRQ has good reliability and validity in breast cancer patients and has value for clinical promotion.

Based on the theory of the uterus is an extraordinary fu （腑） organ， it is believed that the core pathogenesis of precocious puberty in girls is the dysfunction of the uterus in storing and draining， while the basis of the disease is the delicate and vulnerable zang fu （脏腑） organs； the imbalance of qi and blood in the Chong and Ren mai （冲任） is the key link of the pathogenesis， and five zang （脏） organs dysharmony is responsible for the prolongation of the disease. For treatment， it is advocated to conform to the physiological characteristics that zang fu organs are delicate and fragile in girls， focus on regulating the uterus， and take into account the harmonization of the zang fu organs； the method of consolidating and nourishing yin is suggested as the basic treatment method， and self-made Xingzaoshu Formula （性早熟方） is commonly used. Considering that the uterus of girls is delicate and vulnerable， neutral medicinals are mainly used， and drastic supplementation and strong attack are avoided； pulse administration of Chinese herbal medicine is advocated. Since the condition of precocious puberty is often prolonged， Chinese herbal medicine together with medicinal diet is often used in the later stage of treatment to harmonize the zang fu organs， and self-made medicinal diet Xingzaoshu Soup （性早熟煲） is often used.

Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is closely related to the occurrence of a series of gastrointestinal diseases.Antibiotic resistance in the current H.pylori treatment has greatly increased the recurrence rate of the infection,making its eradication difficult.Vaccine is one of the most effective strategies to prevent and control bacterial infectious diseases,however,there is still no anti-H.pylori vaccine on the market.The use of nanotechnology to improve vaccine stability and efficacy has shown promising results in laboratory studies.This paper summarizes the current status of anti-H.pylori vaccine development,and reviews and discusses the research progress of H.pylori vaccine based on nano-delivery systems,including mucus-inert nanoparticles,acid-resistant nanoparticles,and outer-membrane vesicles etc.,with the aim of providing a reference for the subsequent development of an effective and safe H.pylori vaccine.