Gancao Fuzitang originates from the Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases （《伤寒杂病论》） and is mainly used to treat pain in the bones and joints and symptoms such as no flexion or extension. It has the effect of tonifying the spleen and kidney and removing dampness and turbidity， so it is widely used in the clinical treatment of various bone and joint diseases. This article reviewed the clinical research and mechanism of Gancao Fuzitang in the treatment of bone and joint diseases. The research has found that this prescription has good efficacy in treating bone and joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis， rheumatoid arthritis， ankylosing spondylitis， gout， and intervertebral disc herniation. Its mechanism of action may be related to regulating the level of inflammatory factors， antioxidation， and the protein expression of inflammatory and apoptotic cell-related pathways， improving bone and joint diseases， and alleviating related symptoms. This study can provide a reference for further deepening the research on the prevention and treatment of bone and joint diseases with Gancao Fuzitang.

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of intelligent ophthalmology in China, including technological advancements, academic exchange platforms, policy support, future challenges, and potential solutions. Technologically, remarkable progress have been made in various areas of intelligent ophthalmology in China, including diabetic retinopathy, fundus image analysis, and crucial aspects such as quality assessment of medical artificial intelligence products, clinical research methods, technological evaluation, and industrial standards. Researchers are constantly improving the safety and standardization of intelligent ophthalmology technology by formulating clinical application guidelines and standards. Academic exchange platforms have been established to provide extensive collaboration opportunities for professionals across diverse fields, and various academic journals serve as publication platforms for intelligent ophthalmology research. Regarding public policy, the Chinese government has not only established a supportive policy environment for the advancement of intelligent ophthalmology through various documents and regulations, but provided a legal basis and management framework. However, there are still challenges to overcome, such as technological innovation, data privacy and security, outdated regulations, and talent shortages. To tackle these issues, there is a requirement for increased technological research and development, the establishment of regulatory frameworks, talent cultivation, and greater awareness and acceptance of new technologies among patients. By comprehensively addressing these challenges, intelligent ophthalmology in China is expected to continue leading the industry's global development, bringing more innovation and convenience to the field of ophthalmic healthcare.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Haishu District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2022, so as to provide the basis for the formulation of HFMD prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data of HFMD in Haishu District from 2011 to 2022 were collected from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the epidemiological and etiological characteristics were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. The trends in incidence of HFMD and prevalence of positive etiological tests were analyzed using annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 33 334 cases of HFMD were reported in Haishu District from 2011 to 2022, with an average annual reported incidence of 279.16/105, showing no significant trend (APC=-5.492%, P>0.05). The average annual reported incidence of HFMD was lower after the enterovirus 71 vaccine was launched (from 2017 to 2022) than before (from 2011 to 2016; 219.69/105 vs. 343.70/105, P<0.05). The incidence of HFMD showed seasonal characteristics, with a peak from May to July. There were 19 720 male and 13 614 female cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.45∶1. The age of the HFMD cases ranged from 27 days to 63 years old, and the children aged 5 years and below were predominant (30 657 cases, 91.97%). A total of 1 976 specimens of HFMD cases were collected from 2011 to 2022, and 1 509 enterovirus positive specimens were detected, with a positive rate of 76.37%. The positive rates of enterovirus 71 decreased (APC=-32.599%, P<0.05), the positive rates of coxsackievirus A16 increased (APC=9.226%, P<0.05), while the positive rates of other enteroviruses showed no significant change (APC=0.808%, P>0.05). Conclusions The average annual reported incidence of HFMD in Haishu District from 2011 to 2022 decreased after the enterovirus 71 vaccine was launched, with a peak in spring and summer. Children aged 5 years and below were the high-incidence population, and coxsackievirus A16 was the main serotype.

Objective To explore the effect of ligustrazine on the learning and memory function of rats with aluminum-induced cognitive impairment and its mechanism.Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into a blank control group,a model group,a low-dose ligustrazine group,a high-dose ligustrazine group,and a piracetam group using a random number table method,with 12 rats in each group.The rats in the blank control group were not subjected to any treatment;the rats in the model group,low-dose ligustrazine group,high-dose ligustrazine group,and piracetam group were first prepared with aluminum toxicity models by daily gavage of 100 mg·kg-1 AlCl3 solution.After successful modeling,the rats in the piracetam group were intragastrically administered with piracetam at a dose of 400 mg·kg-1,while rats in the low-dose and high-dose ligustrazine groups were intragastrically administered with 100 and 200 mg·kg-1 ligustrazine,respectively;the rats in the blank control group and the model group were intragastrically administered with the same volume of physiological saline.All rats in the five groups received intragas tric administration once a day for 30 consecutive days.After 30 days of intervention,the Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the learning and memory function of rats in the five groups.After completing the water maze experiment,rats in the five groups were anesthetized with 200 g·L-1 chloral hydrate,and their brain tissues were quickly removed after decapitation.Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha 1E(CACNA1E),calmodulin(CALM),and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats in the five groups;Western blot was used to detect the relative expression levels of CACNA1E,CALM,and BDNF proteins in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats in the five groups;and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the relative expression levels of CACNA1E,CALM,and BDNF mRNA in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats in the five groups.Results On the 1st day of the Morris water maze test,the latent periods of rats in the model group,piracetam group,low-dose ligustrazine group,and high-dose ligustrazine group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the latent periods of rats among the piracetam group,low-dose ligustrazine group,high-dose ligustrazine group,and model group(P＞0.05).On the 3rd day of the Morris water maze test,the latent periods of rats in the model group,piracetam group,low-dose ligustrazine group,and high-dose ligustrazine group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group(P＜0.05);the latent periods of rats in the piracetam group and high-dose ligustrazine group were significantly lower than those in the model group and low-dose ligustrazine group(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the latent periods of rats between the low-dose ligustrazine group and the model group(P＞0.05).On the 5th day of the Morris water maze test,the latent periods of rats in the model group,piracetam group,low-dose ligustrazine group,and high-dose ligustrazine group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group(P＜0.05);the latent periods of rats in the piracetam group and high-dose ligustrazine group were significantly lower than those in the model group and low-dose ligustrazine group(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the latent periods of rats between the low-dose ligustrazine group and the model group(P＞0.05).On the 3rd and 5th days of the Morris water maze test,there was no statistically significant difference in the latent periods of rats between the piracetam group and the high-dose ligustrazine group(P＞0.05).The times of rats crossing platform in the model group,piracetam group,low-dose ligustrazine group,and high-dose ligustrazine group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group,and the times of rats crossing platform in the piracetam group and high-dose ligustrazine group were significantly higher than those in the model group and low-dose ligustrazine group(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the times of rats crossing platform between the low-dose ligustrazine group and the model group(P＞0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the times of rats crossing platform between the piracetam group and the high-dose ligustrazine group(P＞0.05).Under the microscope,brown CACNA1E,CALM,and BDNF positive cells could be observed in the hippocampal CA1 region.The expressions of CACNA1E,CALM,and BDNF proteins in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats in the model group,piracetam group,low-dose ligustrazine group,and high-dose ligustrazine group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group,and the expressions of CACNA1E,CALM,and BDNF proteins in the hippocampal CAl region of rats in the piracetam group and high-dose ligustrazine group were significantly higher than those in the model group and low-dose ligustrazine group(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the expressions of CACNA1E,CALM,and BDNF proteins in the hippocampal CAI region of rats between the low-dose ligustrazine group and the model group(P＞0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the expressions of CACNA1E,CALM,and BDNF proteins in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats between the piracetam group and the high-dose ligustrazine group(P＞0.05).The relative expression levels of CACNA1E,CALM,and BDNF proteins and mRNAs in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats in the model group,piracetam group,low-dose ligustrazine group,and high-dose ligustrazine group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group(P＜0.05);the relative expression levels of CACNA1E,CALM,and BDNF proteins and mRNAs in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats in the piracetam group and high-dose ligustrazine group were significantly higher than those in the model group and low-dose ligustrazine group(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the relative expression levels of CACNA1E,CALM,and BDNF proteins and mRNAs in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats between the low-dose ligustrazine group and the model group(P＞0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the relative expression levels of CACNA1E,CALM,and BDNF proteins and mRNAs in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats between the piracetam group and the high-dose ligustrazine group(P＞0.05).Conclusion Ligustrazine has significant protective effects on aluminum-induced cognitive impairment in rats and can greatly enhance the learning and memory function of rats.The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of CANA1E,CALM and BDNF expression in the brain induced by ligustrazine.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology has driven the intelligentization of medicine.In recent years,due to the continuous improvement of machine learning and deep learning technologies,AI technology has made rapid progress in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular fundus diseases,including retinal vascular disease,macular disease,retinal detachment,and retinal pigment degeneration.Early diagnosis and treatment are of great significance for the prognosis of ocular fundus diseases.This article gives a guide for the application of AI in automatic segmentation of ret-inal images and disease diagnosis,providing a reference for further research and appIication of AI in this field.

To enhance the learning stickiness, improve low completion rate of online teaching, and promote teaching quality has become the key to solve the contradiction in online teaching. In this paper, taking the teaching of biochemistry as example, based on the trigger mechanism, maintenance mechanism and migration mechanism of sticky learning, guided by the three-dimensional goal of "knowledge and skills, process and method, emotional attitude and values", the BOPPPS (bridge-in, objective, pre-assessment, participatory-learning, post-assessment, summary) teaching model was combined with online teaching. According to the interactive behavior in the course learning space, the Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed by SPSS 18.0 software to comprehensively evaluate the learning stickiness degree. The research has found that, due to its "micro but refined, compact structure and student-centered" characteristics, BOPPPS combining with online teaching can effectively make up for the time and space limitations of offline teaching and the excessively broad online teaching, bring benefits from the perspectives of "inclusion, attraction and production", promote students' active learning, and practically improve learning stickiness. The research provides a new idea for creating online "golden" courses.

Objective:To explore the clinical application of portable head and neck magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device in neurosurgery.Methods:A total of 213 patients with brain diseases who were scanned by portable head and neck MRI device in Center of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from June to September 2022 were selected. The portable head and neck MRI images and 3.0T conventional MRI images of 10 randomly selected patients were compared; the differences in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of different sequences were analyzed. Thirty-one patients accepted tracheal intubation/tracheotomy, or ventilator-assisted breathing were selected as special patient group, and another 30 patients were as general patient group; the differences in comprehensive diagnostic scores of portable head and neck MRI images were compared. Noise intensity differences in different sequences between 3.0T conventional MRI and portable head and neck MRI were statistically compared. Twenty hospitalized volunteers with normal hearing in our center from July to August 2022 were selected, conventional 3.0T MRI and portable head and neck MRI were performed successively, and the noise intensity of different sequences in them was evaluated by using a 5-point system.Results:Compared with those in 3.0T conventional MRI images, the SNR and CNR of T1WI, T2WI, and Liquid attenuated reverse recovery sequence (FLAIR) sequences in portable head and neck MRI images were significantly lower ( P<0.05). No significant difference was noted in the comprehensive diagnostic scores of portable head and neck MRI images between special patients and general patients ( P>0.05). Compared with that in the 3.0T conventional MRI, the noise intensity of different sequences in portable head and neck MRI was significantly reduced ( P<0.05). These volunteers had significantly reduced noise intensity scores of different sequences in portable head and neck MRI compared with that in conventional 3.0T MRI ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Portable head and neck MRI device is easy to use, enjoying high safety, imaging quality and suitability, which meets the clinical needs for neurosurgery patients.

Objective:To solve international students' problems of learning difficulties and passive learning caused by language barriers in the process of biochemistry learning from the perspective of teachers in this specialty.Methods:Eighty international students were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. In the experimental group, the regional management mode was introduced in teaching, allowing students to speak mother tongues or English for group discussions on well-designed questions, and at the same time, classroom quizzes and stage tests were given, introducing formative evaluation to supervise students' learning and assess their learning performance. The control group received conventional teaching. The learning effects were assessed through a final exam and questionnaire survey. SPSS 25.0 was used to perform the Kruskal-Wallis H test and Nemenyi test. Results:Twenty-seven (75.00%) students believed that group discussion by region could deepen the discussion of questions; 27 (75.00%) no longer felt difficult, or even felt easy, to learn biochemistry; and nearly 90.00% of the students affirmed the formative evaluation mode, believing that it had positive effects on their learning attitude and behavior. In addition, the median exam score of the experimental group was 36.94% higher than that of the control class in the same year.Conclusions:Regional management combined with formative evaluation can promote international students' learning enthusiasm, improve their comprehensive achievement, and positively affect their learning behavior.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reinfection of 2019-nCoV and influencing factors, and provide evidence for effective prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic.Methods:The incidence data of COVID-19 in Ningbo from January 1, 2020 to November 30, 2022 were collected from the infectious disease surveillance system of Chinese information system for disease control and prevention. The incidence of reinfection of 2019-nCoV was investigated by using questionnaire. logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influences of gender, age, time interval from the first infection, history of underlying disease, 2019-nCoV vaccination dose and disease severity on the reinfection.Results:A total of 897 previous 2019-nCoV infection cases were investigated, of which 115 experienced the reinfection of 2019-nCoV, the reinfection rate was 12.82%. The interval between the two infections M( Q1, Q3) was 1 052 (504, 1 056) days. Univariate analysis showed that age, 2019-nCoV vaccination dose, history of underlying disease, type of 2019-nCoV variant causing the first infection, time interval from the first infection and severity of the first infection were associated with the reinfection rate (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk for reinfection in age group 30- years was higher than that in age group ≥60 years ( OR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.11-3.97). No reinfection occurred in those with time interval from the first infection of <6 months, and the risk for reinfection was higher in those with the time interval of ≥12 months than in those with the time interval of 6- months ( OR=6.68, 95% CI: 3.46-12.90). The risk for reinfection was higher in the common or mild cases than in the asymptomatic cases ( OR=2.64, 95% CI: 1.18-5.88; OR=2.79, 95% CI: 1.27-6.11). Conclusion:The time interval from the first infection was an important influencing factor for the reinfection of 2019-nCoV, and the probability of the reinfection within 6 months was low.

Objective : To identify biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using bioinformatics tools, so as to provide insights into diagnosis and targeted therapy of ESCC. Methods: The gene expression datasets GSE23400, GSE45670, GSE20347 and GSE17351 were screened and downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of ESCC were screened using the online tool GEO2R, and the common DEGs among the four datasets were determined using Venn diagram. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed using the DAVID database, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed using the STRING database. The key modules were identified using molecular complex detection (MCODE) plugin in the Cytoscape software, and hub genes with the highest connectivity degree were identified using the CytoHubba plugin, and the gene expression was validated on the UALCAN platform. Survival analysis of hub genes was performed using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Results: Totally 146 common DEGs were screened, including 102 up-regulated genes and 44 down-regulated genes. GO annotation analysis showed that the common DEGs were mainly enriched in biological processes of cell cycle, sister chromatid separation in the late mitotic phase and cell cycle regulation, enriched in cellular components of spindle and centrosome, and molecular functions of enzyme binding and ATP binding. KEGG pathway analysis showed that DEGs was significantly enriched in cell cycle, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interactions and oocyte meiosis. A total of 10 hub genes were screened, and gene expression validation and survival analysis identified 7 genes associated with prognosis of ESCC, including CCNB1, CDK1, BUB1B, ZWINT, AURKA, MAD2L1 and MCM4, which were all highly expressed in ESCC specimens. Conclusion Seven hub genes of ESCC are identified based on bioinformatics, which may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ESCC.