Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a common cause of ischemic stroke. The evaluation of its structure and function is of great significance for formulating clinical intervention strategies. The indications for endovascular treatment of ICAS lesions in the past were mainly based on the degree of luminal stenosis showed by cerebral angiography, which had certain limitations. The translesional pressure ratio (PR), as an important indicator for functional assessment after arterial stenosis, has gradually received attention in the evaluation of ICAS lesions in recent years. This article reviews the evaluation methods and clinical significance of PR in ICAS lesions.

OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiological characteristics of common allergens among children with al-lergic rhinitis(AR)in a children's specialized hospital of Beijing.METHODS A total of 2120 children who met the diagnostic criteria of AR and were treated in otolaryngology department of Beijing Jingdu Children's Hospital from 2021 to 2023 were recruited as the research subjects.The specific immunoglobulin E(sIgE)of allergens was de-tected by western blot quantitative assay.The positive rates of the allergens were statistically analyzed according to the age,sex and years.The epidemiological characteristics and changing trends were observed.RESULTS The pos-itive rate of allergens was 47.78％among the 2120 children,in whom multiple allergies polysensitization were pre-dominant;the positive rate of allergens and polysensitization rate were the highest among the population aged be-tween 1 and 7 years old.The inhalational allergens were dominant,and the positive rate of the Candida group was highest.The positive rates of inhalant allergens and ingested allergens reached the peak at the age of 1-7 and then declined with age;milk and egg white were the two types of predominant ingested allergens in childhood.Among the 2120 children,there were significant differences in the positive rates of allergens between the male and the fe-male,and the positive rates of the male were higher than those of the female(P＜0.001).The positive rates of al-lergens generally showed upward trends during the 3 years,the positive rates of the inhalant allergens such as mugwort,cat hair and dog dandruff ascended by a large margin,and the positive rates of the ingested allergens such as milk,egg white and egg yolk showed remarkable rising trends.CONCLUSIONS The causes of AR are complicated.There are a variety of factors affecting the allergen test.The epidemiological characteristics of the al-lergens among the AR children are observed from multiple perspectives,which may provide references for preven-tion and treatment of the children with AR.

OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiological characteristics of common allergens among children with al-lergic rhinitis(AR)in a children's specialized hospital of Beijing.METHODS A total of 2120 children who met the diagnostic criteria of AR and were treated in otolaryngology department of Beijing Jingdu Children's Hospital from 2021 to 2023 were recruited as the research subjects.The specific immunoglobulin E(sIgE)of allergens was de-tected by western blot quantitative assay.The positive rates of the allergens were statistically analyzed according to the age,sex and years.The epidemiological characteristics and changing trends were observed.RESULTS The pos-itive rate of allergens was 47.78％among the 2120 children,in whom multiple allergies polysensitization were pre-dominant;the positive rate of allergens and polysensitization rate were the highest among the population aged be-tween 1 and 7 years old.The inhalational allergens were dominant,and the positive rate of the Candida group was highest.The positive rates of inhalant allergens and ingested allergens reached the peak at the age of 1-7 and then declined with age;milk and egg white were the two types of predominant ingested allergens in childhood.Among the 2120 children,there were significant differences in the positive rates of allergens between the male and the fe-male,and the positive rates of the male were higher than those of the female(P＜0.001).The positive rates of al-lergens generally showed upward trends during the 3 years,the positive rates of the inhalant allergens such as mugwort,cat hair and dog dandruff ascended by a large margin,and the positive rates of the ingested allergens such as milk,egg white and egg yolk showed remarkable rising trends.CONCLUSIONS The causes of AR are complicated.There are a variety of factors affecting the allergen test.The epidemiological characteristics of the al-lergens among the AR children are observed from multiple perspectives,which may provide references for preven-tion and treatment of the children with AR.

Although tumor immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment，its efficacy against solid tumors remains limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment，inefficient drug delivery，and off-target toxicity. Engineered bacterial therapy has recently attracted considerable interest as a promising therapeutic strategy owing to its capacity for selective tumor colonization and immunomodulation. Meanwhile，ultrasound technology provides a non-invasive，spatially precise，and real-time controllable means to improve the performance and applicability of bacterial-mediated therapies. This review summarizes recent advances in ultrasound-regulated bacterial therapy for cancer immunotherapy. Beginning with an examination of the mechanisms through which engineered bacteria modulate antitumor immunity，it is followed by an elucidation of how ultrasound technology exploits its biological effects and spatiotemporal control capabilities to simultaneously enhance bacterial therapy's safety/efficacy and enable tumor treatment visualization，thereby activating systemic immune responses. Finally，current challenges and future directions for clinical translation are critically discussed. In conclusion，ultrasound-regulated bacterial therapy represents an emerging interdisciplinary approach with the potential to overcome key limitations in solid tumor immunotherapy.

Objective To study the safety of amlodipine post-marketing and to mine the potential adverse drug event(ADE)signals,and to construct an intelligent query platform for ADE signals that can be popularized and applied to a variety of drugs.Methods The data from the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2024 were retrieved from the U.S.Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database.A variety of disproportionality methods were used,including the reporting odds ratio(ROR)method,the United Kingdom Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency(MHRA)comprehensive standard method,Bayesian confidence propagation neural network(BCPNN)method,and the multi-item Gamma-Poisson shrinker(MGPS)method,to mine the signals of ADEs related to amlodipine.At the same time,a general query platform for mining ADE signals was developed based on the DeepSeek AI model to achieve the monitoring and analysis of the safety of various drugs.Results A total of 51,166 ADE reports were obtained,in which amlodipine was the primary suspected drug.Through the combined screening of the four algorithms,multiple potential ADE signals which had not been mentioned in the existing package inserts were found,including diseases of the ear and labyrinth(such as sensorineural hearing loss),diseases of the respiratory system,thorax and mediastinum(such as non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema),mental disorders(such as completed suicide),etc.The constructed digital intelligent platform had achieved the automated processing and monitoring of ADE data,providing a rapid access for clinicians and regulatory authorities to obtain drug safety information.Conclusion This study reveals potential safety risks associated with the use of amlodipine through real-world data mining.A risk assessment of patients' medication should be carried out before clinical use.In addition to paying attention to known ADEs,newly discovered potential risk signals should also be closely monitored.The construction of the digital intelligent platform provides an efficient tool for pharmacovigilance work.It can be popularized and applied to the safety monitoring of a variety of drugs,which is of great significance for improving the level of pharmacovigilance and the safety of medication.

Objective To study the safety of amlodipine post-marketing and to mine the potential adverse drug event(ADE)signals,and to construct an intelligent query platform for ADE signals that can be popularized and applied to a variety of drugs.Methods The data from the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2024 were retrieved from the U.S.Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS)database.A variety of disproportionality methods were used,including the reporting odds ratio(ROR)method,the United Kingdom Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency(MHRA)comprehensive standard method,Bayesian confidence propagation neural network(BCPNN)method,and the multi-item Gamma-Poisson shrinker(MGPS)method,to mine the signals of ADEs related to amlodipine.At the same time,a general query platform for mining ADE signals was developed based on the DeepSeek AI model to achieve the monitoring and analysis of the safety of various drugs.Results A total of 51,166 ADE reports were obtained,in which amlodipine was the primary suspected drug.Through the combined screening of the four algorithms,multiple potential ADE signals which had not been mentioned in the existing package inserts were found,including diseases of the ear and labyrinth(such as sensorineural hearing loss),diseases of the respiratory system,thorax and mediastinum(such as non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema),mental disorders(such as completed suicide),etc.The constructed digital intelligent platform had achieved the automated processing and monitoring of ADE data,providing a rapid access for clinicians and regulatory authorities to obtain drug safety information.Conclusion This study reveals potential safety risks associated with the use of amlodipine through real-world data mining.A risk assessment of patients' medication should be carried out before clinical use.In addition to paying attention to known ADEs,newly discovered potential risk signals should also be closely monitored.The construction of the digital intelligent platform provides an efficient tool for pharmacovigilance work.It can be popularized and applied to the safety monitoring of a variety of drugs,which is of great significance for improving the level of pharmacovigilance and the safety of medication.

Although tumor immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment，its efficacy against solid tumors remains limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment，inefficient drug delivery，and off-target toxicity. Engineered bacterial therapy has recently attracted considerable interest as a promising therapeutic strategy owing to its capacity for selective tumor colonization and immunomodulation. Meanwhile，ultrasound technology provides a non-invasive，spatially precise，and real-time controllable means to improve the performance and applicability of bacterial-mediated therapies. This review summarizes recent advances in ultrasound-regulated bacterial therapy for cancer immunotherapy. Beginning with an examination of the mechanisms through which engineered bacteria modulate antitumor immunity，it is followed by an elucidation of how ultrasound technology exploits its biological effects and spatiotemporal control capabilities to simultaneously enhance bacterial therapy's safety/efficacy and enable tumor treatment visualization，thereby activating systemic immune responses. Finally，current challenges and future directions for clinical translation are critically discussed. In conclusion，ultrasound-regulated bacterial therapy represents an emerging interdisciplinary approach with the potential to overcome key limitations in solid tumor immunotherapy.

Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is one of the main causes of ischemic stroke, but the international multicenter clinical studies, which are mainly based on the degree of stenosis to guide endovascular treatment, have not obtained positive results. In recent years, the evaluation of ICAS has gradually transferred from traditional anatomy (degree of stenosis) to hemodynamics and plaque characteristics. This article reviews the application of MRI in the hemodynamic evaluation of ICAS.

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease is one of the main causes of ischemic stroke. Imaging evaluation plays an important role in the formulation of treatment strategies. More and more studies have shown that the changes in hemodynamics after stenosis may have higher predictive value for stroke onset/recurrence compared to the degree of stenosis. This article reviews the evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics in intracranial atherosclerotic diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the safety of double and a half layered esophagojejunal anastomosis in radical gastrectomy.Methods:This prospective, multi-center, single-arm study was initiated by the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University in June 2021 (CRAFT Study, NCT05282563). Participating institutions included Nanyang Central Hospital, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Luoyang Central Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Luohe Central Hospital, the People's Hospital of Hebi, First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Anyang Tumor Hospital, First People's Hospital of Pingdingshan, and Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) gastric adenocarcinoma confirmed by preoperative gastroscopy;(2) preoperative imaging assessment indicated that R0 resection was feasible; (3) preoperative assessment showed no contraindications to surgery;(4) esophagojejunostomy planned during the procedure; (5) patients volunteered to participate in this study and gave their written informed consent; (6) ECOG score 0–1; and (7) ASA score I–III. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) history of upper abdominal surgery (except laparoscopic cholecystectomy);(2) history of gastric surgery (except endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection); (3) pregnancy or lactation;(4) emergency surgery for gastric cancer-related complications (perforation, hemorrhage, obstruction); (5) other malignant tumors within 5 years or coexisting malignant tumors;(6) arterial embolism within 6 months, such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular accident; and (7) comorbidities or mental health abnormalities that could affect patients' participation in the study. Patients were eliminated from the study if: (1) radical gastrectomy could not be completed; (2) end-to-side esophagojejunal anastomosis was not performed during the procedure; or (3) esophagojejunal anastomosis reinforcement was not possible. Double and a half layered esophagojejunal anastomosis was performed as follows: (1) Open surgery: the full thickness of the anastomosis is continuously sutured, followed by embedding the seromuscular layer with barbed or 3-0 absorbable sutures. The anastomosis is sutured with an average of six to eight stitches. (2) Laparoscopic surgery: the anastomosis is strengthened by counterclockwise full-layer sutures. Once the anastomosis has been sutured to the right posterior aspect of the anastomosis, the jejunum stump is pulled to the right and the anastomosis turned over to continue to complete reinforcement of the posterior wall. The suture interval is approximately 5 mm. After completing the full-thickness suture, the anastomosis is embedded in the seromuscular layer. Relevant data of patients who had undergone radical gastrectomy in the above 12 centers from June 2021 were collected and analyzed. The primary outcome was safety (e.g., postoperative complications, and treatment). Other studied variables included details of surgery (e.g., surgery time, intraoperative bleeding), postoperative recovery (postoperative time to passing flatus and oral intake, length of hospital stay), and follow-up conditions (quality of life as assessed by Visick scores).Result:[1] From June 2021 to September 2022,457 patients were enrolled, including 355 men and 102 women of median age 60.8±10.1 years and BMI 23.7±3.2 kg/m2. The tumors were located in the upper stomach in 294 patients, mid stomach in 139; and lower stomach in 24. The surgical procedures comprised 48 proximal gastrectomies and 409 total gastrectomies. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 85 patients. Other organs were resected in 85 patients. The maximum tumor diameter was 4.3±2.2 cm, number of excised lymph nodes 28.3±15.2, and number of positive lymph nodes five (range one to four. As to pathological stage,83 patients had Stage I disease, 128 Stage II, 237 Stage III, and nine Stage IV. [2] The studied surgery-related variables were as follows: The operation was successfully completed in all patients, 352 via a transabdominal approach, 25 via a transhiatus approach, and 80 via a transthoracoabdominal approach. The whole procedure was performed laparoscopically in 53 patients (11.6%), 189 (41.4%) underwent laparoscopic-assisted surgery, and 215 (47.0%) underwent open surgery. The median intraoperative blood loss was 200 (range, 10–1 350) mL, and the operating time 215.6±66.7 minutes. The anastomotic reinforcement time was 2 (7.3±3.9) minutes for laparoscopic-assisted surgery, 17.6±1.7 minutes for total laparoscopy, and 6.0±1.2 minutes for open surgery. [3] The studied postoperative variables were as follows: The median time to postoperative passage of flatus was 3.1±1.1 days and the postoperative gastrointestinal angiography time 6 (range, 4–13) days. The median time to postoperative oral intake was 7 (range, 2–14) days, and the postoperative hospitalization time 15.8±6.7 days. [4] The safety-related variables were as follows: In total, there were 184 (40.3%) postoperative complications. These comprised esophagojejunal anastomosis complications in 10 patients (2.2%), four (0.9%) being anastomotic leakage (including two cases of subclinical leakage and two of clinical leakage; all resolved with conservative treatment); and six patients (1.3%) with anastomotic stenosis (two who underwent endoscopic balloon dilation 21 and 46 days after surgery, the others improved after a change in diet). There was no anastomotic bleeding. Non-anastomotic complications occurred in 174 patients (38.1%). All patients attended for follow-up at least once, the median follow-up time being 10 (3–18) months. Visick grades were as follows: Class I, 89.1% (407/457); Class II, 7.9% (36/457); Class III, 2.6% (12/457); and Class IV 0.4% (2/457).Conclusion:Double and a half layered esophagojejunal anastomosis in radical gastrectomy is safe and feasible.