Objective: To investigate the recreational use status of electronic products among high school students in Shanxi Province and the influencing factors for excessive use, so as to provide insights into the promotion of rational use of electronic products among high school students. Methods: The high school students from 117 schools in Shanxi Province were selected using the stratified random sampling method, and basic information, lifestyle behaviors and recreational use of electronic products were collected using questionnaire surveys. The prevalence of excessive recreational use of electronic products was analyzed, and the factors affecting excessive recreational use of electronic products among high school students were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 13 804 valid questionnaires were recoverd, with an effective rate of 98.32%. There were 6 634 males (48.06%) and 7 170 females (51.94%), with a median age of 17.00 (interquartile range, 1.00) years. There were 7 024 students in Grade One (50.88%) and 6 780 students in Grade Two (49.12%). The prevalence of recreational use of electronic products was 14.18% (1 958 cases). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that males (OR=1.461, 95%CI: 1.325-1.611), students in Grade Two (OR=1.720, 95%CI: 1.559-1.897), students whose parents had below high school education (OR=1.391, 95%CI: 1.156-1.674), students without parental support (OR=1.281, 95%CI: 1.078-1.523), students not living on campus (OR=1.142, 95%CI: 1.026-1.271), students without myopia (OR=1.121, 95%CI: 1.008-1.248), and students with sufficient sleep (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.054-1.281) had a higher risk of excessive recreational use of electronic products. Conclusion The prevalence of excessive recreational use of electronic products among high school students in Shanxi Province was relatively high, which was related to gender, grade, parental education, parental attitudes, boarding status, myopia and sleep quality.

Nano-drug delivery systems offer significant benefits, including high specific surface area, structural and functional diversity, and surface modifiability. When formulated as inhalable nano-formulation, these can not only enable precise pulmonary drug delivery but also improve pulmonary bioavailability and enhance thera-peutic efficacy. Currently, there are four types of inhalable nano-formulations for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Inhalable liquid preparations exhibit facile manufactur-ability and broad applicability yet demonstrate compromised stability during aerosolization. Through structure optimization, surface modification, dispersion medium optimization and device improvement, the atomization stability of nano-drug has been enhanced. Pressurized metered-dose inhalers loaded with nano-drugs face technical challenges: conventional propellants may dissolve nano-carriers, whereas co-solvents like ethanol compromise delivery efficiency. Thus, it is necessary to develop novel propellants that provide thermodynamic stability and optimal delivery performance. Nano-drug formulations in dry powder inhalers exhibit relatively favorable physical stability, however, pulmonary delivery efficiency and nanoparticles integrity during processing remain problematic. Pulmonary delivery efficiency can be improved by employing strategies such as blending excipients to promote the re-dispersibility of nanoparticle agglomerates, optimizing the design of microcarrier, and innovating preparation processes. In contrast, soft mist inhalers are an ideal option for pulmonary delivery of nano-drugs owing to their gentle and efficient atomization properties to maintain nano-drug integrity. This review summarizes the inhalable nano-formulations and focuses on challenges and proposed strategies encoun-tered in integrating nano-drug delivery systems and inhalation drug delivery systems. It aims to provide references for the future development of inhalable nano-formulations.
Administration, Inhalation ; Humans ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Nanoparticles ; Dry Powder Inhalers ; Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System ; Drug Compounding ; Metered Dose Inhalers ; Drug Carriers

Vein graft (VG) failure (VGF) is associated with VG intimal hyperplasia, which is characterized by abnormal accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Most neointimal VSMCs are derived from pre-existing VSMCs via a process of VSMC phenotypic transition, also known as dedifferentiation. There is increasing evidence to suggest that ginger or its bioactive ingredients may block VSMC dedifferentiation, exerting vasoprotective functions; however, the precise mechanisms have not been fully characterized. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ginger on VSMC phenotypic transition in VG remodeling after transplantation. Ginger significantly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia and promoted lumen (L) opening in a 3-month VG, which was primarily achieved by reducing ferroptotic stress. Ferroptotic stress is a pro-ferroptotic state. Contractile VSMCs did not die but instead gained a proliferative capacity and switched to the secretory type, forming neointima (NI) after vein transplantation. Ginger and its two main vasoprotective ingredients (6-gingerol and 6-shogaol) inhibit VSMC dedifferentiation by reducing ferroptotic stress. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that 6-gingerol inhibits ferroptotic stress by targeting P53, while 6-shogaol inhibits ferroptotic stress by targeting 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5), both promoting ferroptosis. Furthermore, both ingredients co-target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), decreasing PPARγ-mediated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 1 (Nox1) expression. Nox1 promotes intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and directly induces VSMC dedifferentiation. In addition, Nox1 is a ferroptosis-promoting gene that encourages ferroptotic stress production, indirectly leading to VSMC dedifferentiation. Ginger, a natural multi-targeted ferroptotic stress inhibitor, finely and effectively prevents VSMC phenotypic transition and protects against venous injury remodeling.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the potential mediating role of plasma phosphorylated tau217 (p-tau217) in the association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: In this case-control study, patients diagnosed with MCI in the Neurology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University from November 2023 to May 2024 were selected as the case group (MCI group). Cognitively normal (CN) volunteers, matched for age and education level and recruited from the physical examination center during the same period, served as the control group (CN group). The general demographic data of the study participants were collected. The Beijing versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), clinical dementia rating (CDR), and activities of daily living scale (ADL) were used to assess neuropsychological functions. Clinical periodontal examinations were conducted, the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was calculated, and the periodontitis stage was determined in accordance with the 2018 classification. Fasting elbow venous blood samples were collected in the morning, and blood biochemical indicators were measured. Plasma p-tau217 levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses were performed using t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, partial correlation analysis, multivariate Logistic regression analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis, and mediation effect analysis. RESULTS: Among the 192 participants, 96 belong to the MCI group and 96 to the CN group. The prevalence of periodontitis was 63.5% in the MCI group and 43.8% in the CN group, with a statistically significant difference (χ²=7.561, P=0.006). The plasma p-tau217 levels in the MCI group were significantly higher than those in the CN group [7.00 (4.27-9.65) ng/mL versus 2.02 (0.80-3.81) ng/mL, Z=-8.108, P<0.001]. Partial correlation analysis revealed that plasma p-tau217 levels were positively correlated with all the clinical periodontal indices (all P<0.001). After adjustments for baseline covariates, multivariate Logistic regression indicated that periodontitis was an independent risk factor for MCI. Patients with periodontitis had a 1.977-fold higher MCI risk than those without periodontitis (OR=1.977, 95%CI: 1.088-3.594, P=0.025). Moreover, the MCI risk for stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ periodontitis and stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ periodontitis was 1.878 times (OR=1.878, 95%CI: 1.029-3.425, P=0.040) and 2.625 times (OR=2.625, 95%CI: 1.073-6.246, P=0.035) higher than that for patients without periodontitis, respectively. Trend test showed that the MCI risk increased with periodontitis severity (P_trend=0.016). After adjustments for baseline covariates, multiple linear regression analysis showed that periodontitis was an independent risk factor for increased plasma p-tau217 levels (β=3.309, 95%CI: 2.363-4.254, P<0.001). Compared with patients without periodontitis, those with stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ periodontitis (β=1.838, 95%CI: 0.869-2.806, P<0.001) and stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ periodontitis (β=5.539, 95%CI: 4.442-6.636, P<0.001) had significantly higher plasma p-tau217 levels. In addition, trend test indicated that plasma p-tau217 levels increased with periodontitis severity (P_trend<0.001). After adjustments for baseline covariates, RCS regression analysis further revealed that PISA had a positive linear dose-response relationship with MCI risk (P_overall=0.002, P_nonlinear=0.344) and plasma p-tau217 levels (P_overall<0.001, P_nonlinear=0.140). After adjustments for baseline covariates, mediation analysis showed that plasma p-tau217 mediated the association between periodontitis and MCI, with a mediation proportion of 13.99% (95% Bootstrap CI: 0.38%-49.39%, P=0.038). CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis was independently positively associated with MCI risk, and plasma p-tau217 plays a mediating role in this association.
Humans ; Cognitive Dysfunction/complications* ; tau Proteins/blood* ; Periodontitis/complications* ; Case-Control Studies ; Male ; Female ; Phosphorylation ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Activities of Daily Living

Background and objective Lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)is a highly morbid and fatal cancer.De-spite advancements in modern medical treatment,the 5-year survival rate of patients remains suboptimal.Our previous study revealed that zinc finger SWIM-type containing 1(ZSWIM1),a novel protein,promotes the proliferation,migration,and inva-sion of LUAD cells.The aim of this study is to investigate the impact ofE3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif protein 21(TRIM21)on ZSWIM1-mediated cell proliferation and migration.Methods The interaction and co-localization between TRIM21 and ZSWIM1 were verified using co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)and immunofluorescence(IF).The effects of TRIM21 and ZSWIM1 on the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells were assessed through MTT and Transwell assays,respectively.Western blot(WB)analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of TRIM21 and ZSWIM1 on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)markers in LUAD cells.The influence of TRIM21 on the ubiquitination of ZSWIM1 was exam-ined using Co-IP combined with WB.Results TRIM21 was found to interact and co-localize with ZSWIM1.Overexpression of TRIM21 inhibited the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells.Overexpression of TRIM21 reduced the promoting effect of ZSWIM1 on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells,and reversed the impact of ZSWIM1 on the expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin.Conversely,knockdown of TRIM21 further enhanced the promoting effect of ZSWIM1 on the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells.Mechanistically,we observed that overexpression of TRIM21 significantly en-hanced the ubiquitination level of ZSWIM1,leading to a decrease in ZSWIM1 protein expression.Conclusion TRIM21 binds to and promotes the ubiquitination of ZSWIM1,resulting in reduced protein expression of ZSWIM1,which leads to the inhibition of ZSWIM1-mediated promotion of proliferation,migration,and invasion in LUAD cells.

Objective To investigate air radioactivity contamination, surface contamination, ambient dose equivalent rates, and radiation doses to individuals in the treatment room during ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE therapy. Methods A ward for ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE therapy was selected in the nuclear medicine department of a general hospital. Air and surface radioactivity samples were collected before and after therapy for four patients. Ambient dose equivalent rates were measured around the four patients following the initiation of ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE therapy. Measurements were taken at distances of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1−4 m (with 0.5 m intervals) from the right lateral midsection of the patient’s torso. The measurement time points included 5, 15, and 30 min after initiation of administration, as well as 0−4 h (with 1 h intervals), 24 h, and 48 h post-administration. Radiation exposure doses for personnel at different distances from the patients were calculated for each time interval. Results The results of radioactive aerosol detection for all four patients during and after the administration of ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE were similar to those before administration. Surface contamination was not detected at the measurement locations except for patient number 2. The ambient dose equivalent rates increased with increasing injection dose during the administration. However, the ambient dose equivalent rates decreased significantly within one hour after administration. At the end of the administration, the average ambient dose equivalent rate at a distance of one meter for the four patients was 42.931 μSv/h. From the start of administration to four hours post-administration, personnel maintaining a distance of one meter from the patient received a total radiation dose of 167.64 μSv. Conclusion Air radioactivity contamination does not occur during ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE therapy. However, measures should be taken before the commencement of therapy to address potential surface contamination. Both accompanying persons and healthcare staff receive radiation doses below the stipulated dose constraints throughout the treatment process. Therefore, it is necessary to implement appropriate measures to minimize the radiation exposure of healthcare staff.

Purpose To establish and evaluate a high-speed fragment-induced penetrating liver injury model in pigs assisted by portable ultrasound.Materials and Methods With the aid of portable ultrasound,the lower edge of the liver at the end of expiration and the lower edge of the right chest at the end of inspiration of 10 Landrace pigs were positioned on the body surface.Then the sighting line was traced to determine the direction of projection and the sighting point.High-speed(about 627 m/s)fragments were projected through an experimental ballistic gun to induce penetrating liver injury.Blood pressure,heart rate,respiratory rate,pulse oxygen saturation and other physiological indexes were measured 15 minutes before shooting and 20 minutes after shooting.20 minutes after injury,the liver injury and the degree of injury were examined by ultrasound.After injury,the liver injury and abdominal fluid accumulation were observed by on-site portable ultrasound,and the size of liver trauma,liver injury grade,abdominal fluid accumulation location and maximum depth were recorded.The degree of liver injury was evaluated by comparison with the gross pathological results.Results Nine out of ten pigs were successfully modeled.The success rate of penetrating liver injury induced by fragments was 90%(9/10),other organ injury in abdominal cavity was 22.22%(2/9),and diaphragm penetrating injury was 22.22%(2/9),which did not occur obvious hemopneumothorax.After injury,the systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and pulse oxygen saturation of the pigs decreased[(132.44±12.65)mmHg vs.(103.33±33.43)mmHg,(96.44±12.27)mmHg vs.(70.89±24.21)mmHg,(89.44±8.49)%vs.(76.00±13.41)%;t=2.440,2.651,4.084,all P<0.05],and the heart rate increased[(94.00±17.39)times/min vs.(139.89±37.21)times/min;t=3.534,P<0.05].Within 20 minutes after modeling,portable ultrasound images showed that the liver injury was a patchy,heterogeneous,slightly strong echo area with clear and irregular boundary,and the continuity of the local liver capsule was interrupted.The ascites appeared in the abdominal cavity with the maximum depth of(4.16±1.35)cm.The American association for the surgery of trauma(AAST)liver injury grading of gross pathology after the animals were killed showed that there were 6 cases of grade Ⅱ and 3 cases of grade Ⅲ.Along the fragment projection direction,the short diameter measured by ultrasound was positively correlated with the depth of gross pathological laceration(r=0.945,P<0.001).Compared with the gross specimen,the accuracy rate of ultrasonic AAST grading of liver injury was 88.89%(8/9).Conclusion The model of high-speed fragment-induced liver injury in pigs assisted by portable ultrasound is accurate and stable,and portable ultrasound can effectively evaluate the penetrating liver injury,which provides a basis for the treatment of liver firearm injury.

Objective:To perform acceptance test and performance assessment for Siemens Biograph Vision 600 positron-emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)according to the national health industry standard WS 817-2023.Methods:Spatial resolution,sensitivity,scatter fraction,count loss and random coincidence,correction accuracy of count loss and random coincidence,time-of-flight(TOF)resolution of the PET component within the PET/CT system were tested through the measurement program(NU2-2018)of National Electrical Manufacturers Association(NEMA),which was installed inside of the equipment,in accordance with the requirement of national health industry standard WS 817-2023.The PET/CT registration accuracy was measured through Gantry_offset acquisition program that was built into the equipment.Results:The transversely and axially spatial resolutions of Biograph Vision 600 PET/CT were respectively 3.69 mm and 4.10 mm at 1 cm away from the center of visual field,and were respectively 4.26 mm and 4.89 mm at 10 cm away from the center of visual field,and were respectively 4.68 mm and 4.89 mm at 20 cm away from the center of visual field.The sensitivity of 10 cm away from center and radial of visual field were respectively 16.12 kcps/MBq and 16.00 kcps/MBq.The peak value of noise equivalent count rate(NECR)was 281.60 kcps,and the corresponding radioactivity concentration of peak value was 30.69 kBq/ml.The NECR peak value,scatter fraction and maximum value of the error of relative count rate were respectively 38.17% and 4.0%.The TOF resolution was 209.87 ps when the radioactivity concentration was 5.3 kBq/mL.The registration accuracy values of Biograph Vision 600 PET/CT were 0.347 mm,-0.226 mm and 3.659 mm at the directions of x,y and z axis.Conclusion:It is feasible to perform the acceptance test according to the WS 817-2023 standard through uses the NEMA NU2-2018 standard measurement program that is installed inside of the equipment.The performance indicators can meet requirement of standard as the current national standard GB/T 18988.1-2013 and the health industry standard WS 817-2023 that will being implemented in the test of Biograph Vision 600 PET/CT,which can pass acceptance.

Objective To investigate the effect of early combined use of liraglutide on cardiometa-bolic risk factors and prognosis in patients with T2DM and CMVD.Methods A total of 124 T2DM patients with concomitant CMVD admitted in our hospital from May 2021 to June 2023 were enrolled,and divided into the liraglutide group(n=59)and the non-liraglutide group(n=65)according to taking liraglutide or not.The main observation indicators were compared between the two groups,including cardiometabolic risk factors,such as Hcy,UA,FPG,eGFR,HbA1c,hs-CRP,WC,BMI,WWI,and echocardiographic indicators,such as LAD,LVEDD,LVPWT,IVST,E/e',e',LVEF,LAVI,LVMI,and RWT.And the incidence of adverse reactions and read-mission rates were recorded during follow-up.Results After treatment,in the liraglutide group,Hcy,UA,FPG,HbA1c,hs-CRP,WC,BMI,WWI,E/e',LAVI,LVMI,RWT,IVST and LVPWT values,and anteroposterior,transverse and long diameters of left atrium were all lower than before treatment,and eGFR and e'value were increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and no significant difference was seen in LVEF and LVEDD(P＞0.05).The non-liraglutide group obtained lower HbA1c,FPG,BMI,E/e'and LAVI values,and transverse diameter of left atrium,elevated LVPWT and e'value(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and no obvious changes in Hcy,UA,eGFR,hs-CRP,WC,WWI,BMI,LVEF,LVMI,RWT,LVEDD,IVST,and anteroposterior and long diameters of left atrium when compared with the indicators before treatment(P＞0.05).At the end of the fol-low-up,when compared with the non-liraglutide group,the liraglutide group had more significant decreases in E/e',LAVI,LVMI and RWT values and increase in e'value(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and higher total effective rates(94.92％vs 72.31％,P＜0.01).What's more,the readmission rate due to adverse cardiovascular events was notably lower in the liraglutide group and the non-liraglutide group(3.39％vs 15.38％,P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with BMI,WWI may be more sensi-tive in reflecting changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in T2DM patients with CMVD;Early combined application of liraglutide has good efficacy and safety,and exerts multiple cardiovascular protective effects,including reducing cardiometabolic risk factors,improving cardiac diastolic function and renal function,inhibiting chronic inflammation and decreasing the occurrence of ad-verse cardiovascular events in the patients.

Objective To screen self-assessed differentially expressed genes of cataracts and cataract-related genes from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium(IMPC),Mouse Genome Informatics(MGI),Cat-Map and GWAS Catalog and perform bioinformatics analysis,exploring potential pathogenic genes and signaling pathways in cataract patho-genesis.Methods The transparent anterior lens capsules of cataract patients and personnel in the control group were collected,total ribonucleic acid(RNA)was extracted,the library was constructed for sequencing,and differentially ex-pressed genes were analyzed.Data about the cataract phenotype-related genes was downloaded from IMPC,MGI and GWAS Catalog,the latest data from Cat-Map was downloaded,cataract susceptible gene annotation was performed,the characteristics of data from each database and the differentially expressed genes were analyzed,and Gene Ontology enrich-ment analysis,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction(PPI)net-work analysis were carried out.Results Cataract susceptible single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)annotation found a total of 21 potential target genes.IMPC,MGI,Cat-Map,and SNP target genes were enriched in the regulation of RNA poly-merase promoters,protein binding,cell division,peroxisome,and cell metabolism.The PPI network of core proteins fo-cused on the peroxisome family and function-related genes.The differentially expressed genes obtained from sequencing da-ta of transparent anterior lens capsules of cataract patients and personnel in the control group were enriched in mitogen-ac-tivated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway,signal transduction,ion transport,metabolism,peroxisome,and cell adhesion pathways.Compared with the sequencing differentially expressed data of cataract patients,the differentially ex-pressed genes obtained from IMPC,MGI,Cat-Map,and SNP target gene sets were enriched in intracellular signal transduc-tion,MAPK signaling pathway,circadian rhythm,cyclic adenosine monophosphate,and calcium pathway.TRIM22,OAS3,EPSTI1,ZC3HAV1,SP110 and PARP12 protein networks of cataracts were identified based on the PPI networks.Conclu-sion The pathways and biological functions involved in the PPI networks of TRIM22,OAS3,EPSTI1,ZC3HAV1,SP110 and PARP12 may be a new pathogenic mechanism for cataracts.