Objective To evaluate the application value of stereotactic robotic surgery driven by a multi scenario AI system in the elderly with severe hypoperfusion in the internal capsule area and minor HTH.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 101 minor HTH patients com-plicated with severe hypoperfusion in the internal capsule area identified by an AI diagnostic sys-tem in our department from January to October 2024.Among them,48 cases who underwent ster-eotactic robotic drainage with AI system support were assigned into the study group,and 53 cases of conventional drug treatment were into the control group.The general clinical data were com-pared between the two group.Improvement rate of rCBF 14 d after treatment,effective rate 90 d after treatment,favorable prognosis rate,and incidence of shunt dependent hydrocephalus were compared between the two groups to evaluate the application value of AI-assisted stereotactic ro-botic surgery in these patients.Results The study group had significantly higher improvement rate of rCBF 14 d after treatment,better effective rate and larger ratio of favorable prognosis 90 d after treatment when compared with the control group(60.4％vs 39.6％,P＜0.05;62.5％vs 41.5％,P＜0.05;64.6％vs 43.4％,P＜0.05).Conclusion Stereotactic robotic assisted drainage driven by multi scenario AI system can significantly improve the prognosis of the elderly minor HTH patients complicated with severe hypoperfusion in the internal capsule area.

Objective To evaluate the application value of stereotactic robotic surgery driven by a multi scenario AI system in the elderly with severe hypoperfusion in the internal capsule area and minor HTH.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 101 minor HTH patients com-plicated with severe hypoperfusion in the internal capsule area identified by an AI diagnostic sys-tem in our department from January to October 2024.Among them,48 cases who underwent ster-eotactic robotic drainage with AI system support were assigned into the study group,and 53 cases of conventional drug treatment were into the control group.The general clinical data were com-pared between the two group.Improvement rate of rCBF 14 d after treatment,effective rate 90 d after treatment,favorable prognosis rate,and incidence of shunt dependent hydrocephalus were compared between the two groups to evaluate the application value of AI-assisted stereotactic ro-botic surgery in these patients.Results The study group had significantly higher improvement rate of rCBF 14 d after treatment,better effective rate and larger ratio of favorable prognosis 90 d after treatment when compared with the control group(60.4％vs 39.6％,P＜0.05;62.5％vs 41.5％,P＜0.05;64.6％vs 43.4％,P＜0.05).Conclusion Stereotactic robotic assisted drainage driven by multi scenario AI system can significantly improve the prognosis of the elderly minor HTH patients complicated with severe hypoperfusion in the internal capsule area.

Objective To construct a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)long-fragment fusion protein plasmid;investigate the expression,extraction,and purification of CaMK Ⅱ;and identify its binding to the Cav1.2 channel.Methods The extracted pGEX-6p-1/CaMK Ⅱ long-fragment plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 receptor cells and cultured in a shaking incubator for 12 h.Isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside was added to promote GST fusion protein expression.Next,the GST-CaMK Ⅱ long frag-ment was isolated and purified with GS-4B using dithiothreitol(DTT)combined with ultrasonic crushing.After treatment with the PreScis-sion protease,the GST label was removed to obtain the CaMK Ⅱ long-fragment protein.The molecular weight and relative purity of the CaMKⅡ long-fragment protein were determined using 15％sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).The concentration of the purified protein was determined using the Bradford method.The binding ability of the CaMK Ⅱ long-fragment pro-tein to the Cav1.2 channel protein was evaluated using the pull-down method combined with Western blotting.Results The sequencing results showed that the CaMK Ⅱ long fragment was successfully constructed.A CaMK Ⅱ long-fragment protein with high purity and con-centration was obtained using DTT combined with ultrasonic crushing.This protein can bind to the CT1 protein of cardiac Cav1.2 calcium channel.Conclusion In this study,we successfully constructed a CaMKⅡ long-fragment plasmid.The CaMKⅡ long-fragment protein was extracted and purified,and was determined to bind to Cav1.2 channel proteins and exhibit biological activity.Collectively,this study provides a basis for further study of the function of CaMK Ⅱ.

Objective To evaluate the clinical utility of hematoma drainage supported by a multi scenario artificial intelligence(AI)system in the treatment of minor hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage(HTH)with significant neurological dysfunction.Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on minor HTH patients with significant neurological damage and incomplete interruption of corticospinal tract(CST)on the affected side.Patients in the study group received Robot of Stereotactic Surgery(ROSS)assisted drainage surgery supported by AI systems in multiple scenarios such as image reading,surgery,and follow-up.The control group received standard pharmacological treatment.Comparative analyses were performed between two groups regarding regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF),changes in rCBF(ΔrCBF),Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS),changes in GCS(ΔGCS)after 14 days of treatment and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),changes in NIHSS(ΔNIHSS),Modified Rankin Scale(mRS),changes in mRS(ΔmRS)after 90 days of treatment.to evaluate the application value of multi scenario AI system supported hematoma drainage surgery in this patient population.Results A total of 88 cases were included,with 41 in the study group and 47 in the control group.The GCS and ΔGCS values of the study group and the control group at 14 days of post-treatment were 13.4±1.6 vs 13.3±1.5 and 1.1(0.8,1.9)vs.1.1(0.9,1.8),respectively with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).At 14 days post-treatment,statistically significant difference were observed in the rCBF of the posterior limb of the internal capsule[(379.0±55.1)mL/(kg·min)vs.(263.0±34.4)mL/(kg·min)]and the ΔrCBF[(240.0±60.6)mL/(kg·min)vs.(121.0±43.9)mL/(kg·min)].At 90 day post-treatment,statistically significant difference were also found in the NIHSS scores(3.5±1.6 vs.6.4±2.1),ΔNIHSS(-4.1±1.7 vs.-0.9±0.6),mRS scores(1.1±0.3 vs.2.3±1.0),and ΔmRS[-2.1(-2.9,-1.1)vs.-0.8(-1.4,-0.6)](P<0.05).Conclusion Hematoma drainage surgery supported by multi scenario AI systems can significantly benefit minor HTH patients with significant neurological damage and incomplete interruption of CST on the affected side.

Objective:To reveal the coupling mechanism of beam temporal profile and tissue oxygen content on radical kinetics, further explain the potential biological basis of the FLASH effect, and provide a reference for beam optimization and treatment planning design of FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT).Methods:TOPAS-nBio v3.0 was used to simulate the physical and chemical processes of electron beams in water, and a full-scale kinetic model was established covering the generation, diffusion, reaction, and quenching of free radicals such as hydroxyl radical (·OH) and hydrated electrons (e aq-). Under different beam temporal profiles (single pulse, multi-pulses, continuous wave irradiation) and different oxygen concentration conditions, the evolution dynamics of free radicals were systematically simulated. At the same time, the data on e aq- content were obtained by experimental measurement of laser absorption spectroscopy to verify the accuracy of the model prediction. Results:The changing trend of e aq- concentration measured in the experiment was highly consistent with the simulation result, verifying the reliability of the constructed model. The beam time structure had a significant impact on the peak value and duration of free radical concentration. The single-pulse structure can cause the free radicals to rapidly increase and then quickly quench in a short time, while the continuous or long-pulse structure can cause the radical concentration to remain at a high level for a long time. The evolution of ·OH was not sensitive to the oxygen environment, while e aq- are greatly affected by the oxygen environment. The scavenging efficiency of free radicals in a hypoxic environment was significantly decreased, leading to an enhanced accumulation of oxidative damage to biological macromolecules. The lifespan of e aq- in an oxygen-rich environment decreased rapidly. Conclusions:Radical kinetics are regulated by both the beam temporal profile and oxygen content. FLASH-RT can utilize single-pulse or multi-pulses intervals to form periodic windows, reducing normal tissue damage by efficiently scavenging free radicals through antioxidants, while free radicals in tumor tissues continuously accumulate and amplify damage, thus generating a selective protective effect.

Objective To evaluate the clinical utility of hematoma drainage supported by a multi scenario artificial intelligence(AI)system in the treatment of minor hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage(HTH)with significant neurological dysfunction.Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on minor HTH patients with significant neurological damage and incomplete interruption of corticospinal tract(CST)on the affected side.Patients in the study group received Robot of Stereotactic Surgery(ROSS)assisted drainage surgery supported by AI systems in multiple scenarios such as image reading,surgery,and follow-up.The control group received standard pharmacological treatment.Comparative analyses were performed between two groups regarding regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF),changes in rCBF(ΔrCBF),Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS),changes in GCS(ΔGCS)after 14 days of treatment and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),changes in NIHSS(ΔNIHSS),Modified Rankin Scale(mRS),changes in mRS(ΔmRS)after 90 days of treatment.to evaluate the application value of multi scenario AI system supported hematoma drainage surgery in this patient population.Results A total of 88 cases were included,with 41 in the study group and 47 in the control group.The GCS and ΔGCS values of the study group and the control group at 14 days of post-treatment were 13.4±1.6 vs 13.3±1.5 and 1.1(0.8,1.9)vs.1.1(0.9,1.8),respectively with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).At 14 days post-treatment,statistically significant difference were observed in the rCBF of the posterior limb of the internal capsule[(379.0±55.1)mL/(kg·min)vs.(263.0±34.4)mL/(kg·min)]and the ΔrCBF[(240.0±60.6)mL/(kg·min)vs.(121.0±43.9)mL/(kg·min)].At 90 day post-treatment,statistically significant difference were also found in the NIHSS scores(3.5±1.6 vs.6.4±2.1),ΔNIHSS(-4.1±1.7 vs.-0.9±0.6),mRS scores(1.1±0.3 vs.2.3±1.0),and ΔmRS[-2.1(-2.9,-1.1)vs.-0.8(-1.4,-0.6)](P<0.05).Conclusion Hematoma drainage surgery supported by multi scenario AI systems can significantly benefit minor HTH patients with significant neurological damage and incomplete interruption of CST on the affected side.

Dental treatments for children and adolescents have unique clinical characteristics that differ from dental care for adults in terms of children's physiology, psychology, and behavior. These differences impose specific requirements on the application of local anesthesia in pediatric dental procedures. This article presents expert consensus on the principles of local anesthesia techniques in pediatric dental therapies, including the use of common anesthetic drugs and dosage control, safety and efficacy evaluation, and prevention and management of complications. The aim is to improve the safety and quality of pediatric dental treatments and offer guidance for clinical application by dentists.
Humans ; Child ; Anesthesia, Local/methods* ; Consensus ; Anesthesia, Dental/methods* ; Adolescent ; Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage* ; Dental Care for Children

BACKGROUND: The epidemiological pattern and disease burden of type 2 diabetes have been shifting in China over the past decades. This analysis described the epidemiological transition of type 2 diabetes in the past three decades and projected the trend in the future three decades in China. METHODS: Age-, sex-, and year-specific incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for people with 15 years or older and diabetes or high fasting glucose in China and related countries from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease. We obtained the trends of age-, sex-, and year-specific rates and absolute numbers of incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs attributable to type 2 diabetes in China from 1990 to 2021. Using the Lee-Carter model, we projected the incidence, prevalence, death, and DALYs attributable to type 2 diabetes to 2050 stratified by age and sex. RESULTS: The age-standardized incidence of type 2 diabetes was 341.5 per 100,000 persons (1.6 times in 1990) and the age-standardized prevalence was 9.96% (9960.0 per 100,000 persons, 2.5 times in 1990) in China 2021. In 2021, there were 0.9 million deaths and 26.8 million DALYs due to type 2 diabetes or hyperglycemia, as 2.9 and 2.7 times the data in 1990, respectively. The age-standardized rates of type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemia were projected to raise to 449.5 per 100,000 persons for incidence, 18.17% for prevalence, 244.6 per 100,000 persons for death, and 4720.2 per 100,000 persons for DALYs by 2050. The incidence of type 2 diabetes kept growing among individuals under the age of 20 years in the past three decades (128.7 per 100,000 persons in 1990 and 439.9 per 100,000 persons in 2021) and estimating 1870.8 per 100,000 in 2050. CONCLUSIONS The incidence, prevalence, and disease burden of type 2 diabetes grew rapidly in China in the past three decades. The prevention of type 2 diabetes in young people and the care for elder adults will be the greatest challenge for the country.
Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/mortality* ; China/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Female ; Male ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Aged, 80 and over

Objective:To reveal the coupling mechanism of beam temporal profile and tissue oxygen content on radical kinetics, further explain the potential biological basis of the FLASH effect, and provide a reference for beam optimization and treatment planning design of FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT).Methods:TOPAS-nBio v3.0 was used to simulate the physical and chemical processes of electron beams in water, and a full-scale kinetic model was established covering the generation, diffusion, reaction, and quenching of free radicals such as hydroxyl radical (·OH) and hydrated electrons (e aq-). Under different beam temporal profiles (single pulse, multi-pulses, continuous wave irradiation) and different oxygen concentration conditions, the evolution dynamics of free radicals were systematically simulated. At the same time, the data on e aq- content were obtained by experimental measurement of laser absorption spectroscopy to verify the accuracy of the model prediction. Results:The changing trend of e aq- concentration measured in the experiment was highly consistent with the simulation result, verifying the reliability of the constructed model. The beam time structure had a significant impact on the peak value and duration of free radical concentration. The single-pulse structure can cause the free radicals to rapidly increase and then quickly quench in a short time, while the continuous or long-pulse structure can cause the radical concentration to remain at a high level for a long time. The evolution of ·OH was not sensitive to the oxygen environment, while e aq- are greatly affected by the oxygen environment. The scavenging efficiency of free radicals in a hypoxic environment was significantly decreased, leading to an enhanced accumulation of oxidative damage to biological macromolecules. The lifespan of e aq- in an oxygen-rich environment decreased rapidly. Conclusions:Radical kinetics are regulated by both the beam temporal profile and oxygen content. FLASH-RT can utilize single-pulse or multi-pulses intervals to form periodic windows, reducing normal tissue damage by efficiently scavenging free radicals through antioxidants, while free radicals in tumor tissues continuously accumulate and amplify damage, thus generating a selective protective effect.