OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of subanesthetic dose of esketamine on postoperative anxiety and recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS A total of 200 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from January 2023 to December 2024 were randomly assigned to control group （n＝100） and observation group （n＝100）. One minute before the initiation of anesthesia， patients in the control group received intravenous injections of Propofol emulsion injection， Sufentanil citrate injection， and Succinylcholine chloride injection. On this basis， patients in the observation group received an intravenous injection of Esketamine hydrochloride injection. The anxiety status of patients in both groups was compared， along with their general intraoperative conditions （including sufentanil dosage， duration of pneumoperitoneum， operative time， anesthesia time， and extubation time）， postoperative recovery， incidence of adverse reactions， and the need for dezocine rescue analgesia. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure， entropy index （state entropy and response entropy）， inflammatory marker levels [interleukin-6 （IL-6） and C-reactive protein （CRP）]， numerical rating scale （NRS） for pain intensity were compared between the two groups at different time points. RESULTS No significant differences were found between the two groups in pneumoperitoneum duration， operative time， anesthesia time，extubation time， incidence of postoperative dry mouth， entropy index or length of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit （P＞0.05）. Compared with the control group， the observation group showed significantly lower postoperative STAI-S scores， reduced intraoperative sufentanil consumption， decreased incidence of postoperative nausea， vomiting， and shivering， the need for dezocine rescue analgesia， as well as lower plasma IL-6 and CRP levels at 24 h after surgery， and NRS （P＜0.05）. The heart rate and mean arterial pressure of patients in the observation group at the start of surgery， end of surgery， and during extubation were all significantly higher than those in the control group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Subanesthetic dose of esketamine can effectively alleviate postoperative anxiety， reduce intraoperative opioid consumption， suppress postoperative inflammatory response， relieve postoperative pain， and promote recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

This paper primarily reviews the current research status of passive and active monitoring methods for interventional radiology personnel, encompassing the types and wearing positions of personal dosimeters, simulation results versus measured outcomes, and discrepancies between different simulation results. By reviewing domestic and international literature, it lists effective dose estimation formulas for single- and dual-dosimeter systems developed by various researchers worldwide. Recommendations are proposed based on the current dosimeter wearing practices among interventional radiology staff, providing reference for the formulation of relevant standards.

Myopic traction maculopathy(MTM)is a common vision-threatening complication in patients with high myopia. With the global increase in high myopia, the prevalence of MTM has been rising worldwide, leading to a growing burden of disease, economic costs,and social impact. The emergence and development of optical coherence tomography(OCT)have provided robust technical support for the staging of MTM. Based on the evolving understanding of its pathological mechanisms and natural course, various staging systems have been proposed and applied in clinical practice, offering crucial guidance for the personalized management of MTM patients. Additionally, innovations and refinements in surgical techniques and materials, such as pars plana vitrectomy(PPV), posterior scleral reinforcement, and macular buckling(MB), have expanded the therapeutic options for MTM. This article systematically reviews the staging systems and treatment strategies for MTM, focusing on the role of OCT-based staging in guiding individualized treatment plans. It also summarizes the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of existing and emerging surgical approaches, including PPV, MB, and their combined procedures. The review further proposes that future research should focus on developing predictive models integrating multimodal data to clarify surgical timing and indications, as well as conducting large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials to explore the selection of PPV, MB, or combined surgeries. The review aims to discuss personalized treatment for MTM, providing theoretical foundations and practical directions for optimizing clinical management and improving patient prognosis for MTM patients.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis are positively correlated,but the causal relationship and related mechanisms have not yet been confirmed.With the cross-fertilization of computer science and life sciences,Mendelian randomization and bioinformatics analyses based on genome-wide association study(GWAS)and transcriptome sequencing data can assess the causal relationship between two diseases,explore the related mechanisms,and mine the therapeutic targets,which will be beneficial to the precision treatment of rheumatoid arthritis combined with osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE:To explore the causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis using two-sample Mendelian randomization and to mine potential co-morbid targets and potential targeted drugs through summary-data-based Mendelian randomization and bioinformatics analyses,aiming to provide theoretical basis for mechanism exploration and precision treatment in the field of rheumatoid arthritis combined with osteoporosis.METHODS:(1)Firstly,GWAS data of rheumatoid arthritis,osteoporosis,and cis-expression quantitative trait locus(cis-eQTL)in Asian and European populations were downloaded from the GWAS Catalog,IEU Open GWAS,FinnGen,and eQTLGen databases,and were used for two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis and summary-data-based Mendelian randomization analysis.(2)Transcriptome sequencing data of rheumatoid arthritis(GSE93272 and GSE15573)were downloaded from the GEO database for bioinformatics analysis.(3)Subsequently,forward and inverse Mendelian randomization analyses between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis were performed,and inverse variance weighted was used as the main metric for the analyses,and the results were corroborated with MR Egger,simple mode,weighted median and weighted mode.(4)Then,the genes closely related to rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis were identified based on the summary-data-based Mendelian randomization analysis,and the co-disease targets of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis were mined based on cross-analysis.Meanwhile,the biological functions of the co-morbid targets were verified based on bioinformatics analysis and cellular experiments.(5)In addition,a rheumatoid arthritis risk prediction nomogram was constructed based on DYRK2,and its prediction performance was verified by receiver operating characteristic curve,correction curve and decision curve.Finally,the target potential drugs were mined based on Enrichr database and molecular docking was performed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Forward Mendelian randomization analysis of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis showed statistically significant results except for GCST90044540 and GCST90086118,and all other results indicated a significant causal relationship and positive correlation between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis.(2)Inverse Mendelian randomization analysis suggested that no significant causal relationship was seen between osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.(3)Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization analysis identified a total of 412 and 344 genes positively associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis,and 421 and 347 genes negatively associated.Based on the cross-analysis,26 co-morbid genes were subsequently obtained.Among them,DYRK2 was a potential therapeutic target,and subsequent bioinformatics analysis and cellular experiments confirmed its important role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis.(4)Furthermore,the constructed nomogram has excellent predictive performance.Finally,four potential DYRK2-targeting drugs(undecanoic acid,metyrapone,JNJ-38877605,and ACA)were discovered and molecular docking also demonstrated reliable targeting ability.(5)In conclusion,based on GWAS data from Asian and European populations,we successfully demonstrated that rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis are causally related at the genetic level,DYRK2 is a potential therapeutic target,and four small molecules are potential target drugs.

BACKGROUND:Cellular senescence,which triggers the aging process of physiological decline in the body,is closely related to osteoporosis.With the development of aging research,significant progress has been made in the study of targeted clearance of senescent cells.Accordingly,senolytic cell therapy for osteoporosis based on this has attracted increasing attention.Current research on the association between aging and osteoporosis shows the characteristic of multidisciplinary intersection.However,existing reviews are mostly based on a single database(such as PubMed)and lack a systematic comparative analysis of Chinese and English literature.Therefore,it is of great academic value to integrate resources from multiple databases and systematically reveal the research status and hot trends of aging in the field of osteoporosis research.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the development,current status,hotspots,and future trends of research on aging in the field of osteoporosis over the past 20 years,so as to provide references for future related research.METHODS:We searched for research literature on the correlation between aging and osteoporosis in CNKI,WanFang,VIP and Web of Science Core Database.The search time span was from August 1,2004 to September 24,2024.Then,we used NoteExpress 4.0 for data cleaning and CiteSpace 6.3R1(Advanced)and Excel(2024)for literature analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Since 2004,research on the correlation between aging and osteoporosis has shown a significant growth trend.Bibliometric analysis shows that(as of September 2024),and 1 275 English documents and 151 Chinese documents have been published,with the highest number of publications in China and the United States.In terms of publishing institutions,the Mayo Clinic ranked first,followed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of California system.As for core authors,Sundeep Khosla and Joshua Nicholas Farr were the authors with the most publications and citations,while Pei Lingpeng and Hui Bodi were the most worthy of attention in Chinese literature.After the keywords"aging"and"osteoporosis"and their synonyms were excluded,it was found that cellular senescence,senescence-associated secretory phenotype,signaling pathways,and targeted senolytic cell clearance therapy haven been the current research hotspots and theoretical frontiers.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis are positively correlated,but the causal relationship and related mechanisms have not yet been confirmed.With the cross-fertilization of computer science and life sciences,Mendelian randomization and bioinformatics analyses based on genome-wide association study(GWAS)and transcriptome sequencing data can assess the causal relationship between two diseases,explore the related mechanisms,and mine the therapeutic targets,which will be beneficial to the precision treatment of rheumatoid arthritis combined with osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE:To explore the causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis using two-sample Mendelian randomization and to mine potential co-morbid targets and potential targeted drugs through summary-data-based Mendelian randomization and bioinformatics analyses,aiming to provide theoretical basis for mechanism exploration and precision treatment in the field of rheumatoid arthritis combined with osteoporosis.METHODS:(1)Firstly,GWAS data of rheumatoid arthritis,osteoporosis,and cis-expression quantitative trait locus(cis-eQTL)in Asian and European populations were downloaded from the GWAS Catalog,IEU Open GWAS,FinnGen,and eQTLGen databases,and were used for two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis and summary-data-based Mendelian randomization analysis.(2)Transcriptome sequencing data of rheumatoid arthritis(GSE93272 and GSE15573)were downloaded from the GEO database for bioinformatics analysis.(3)Subsequently,forward and inverse Mendelian randomization analyses between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis were performed,and inverse variance weighted was used as the main metric for the analyses,and the results were corroborated with MR Egger,simple mode,weighted median and weighted mode.(4)Then,the genes closely related to rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis were identified based on the summary-data-based Mendelian randomization analysis,and the co-disease targets of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis were mined based on cross-analysis.Meanwhile,the biological functions of the co-morbid targets were verified based on bioinformatics analysis and cellular experiments.(5)In addition,a rheumatoid arthritis risk prediction nomogram was constructed based on DYRK2,and its prediction performance was verified by receiver operating characteristic curve,correction curve and decision curve.Finally,the target potential drugs were mined based on Enrichr database and molecular docking was performed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Forward Mendelian randomization analysis of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis showed statistically significant results except for GCST90044540 and GCST90086118,and all other results indicated a significant causal relationship and positive correlation between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis.(2)Inverse Mendelian randomization analysis suggested that no significant causal relationship was seen between osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.(3)Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization analysis identified a total of 412 and 344 genes positively associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis,and 421 and 347 genes negatively associated.Based on the cross-analysis,26 co-morbid genes were subsequently obtained.Among them,DYRK2 was a potential therapeutic target,and subsequent bioinformatics analysis and cellular experiments confirmed its important role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis.(4)Furthermore,the constructed nomogram has excellent predictive performance.Finally,four potential DYRK2-targeting drugs(undecanoic acid,metyrapone,JNJ-38877605,and ACA)were discovered and molecular docking also demonstrated reliable targeting ability.(5)In conclusion,based on GWAS data from Asian and European populations,we successfully demonstrated that rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis are causally related at the genetic level,DYRK2 is a potential therapeutic target,and four small molecules are potential target drugs.

BACKGROUND:Cellular senescence,which triggers the aging process of physiological decline in the body,is closely related to osteoporosis.With the development of aging research,significant progress has been made in the study of targeted clearance of senescent cells.Accordingly,senolytic cell therapy for osteoporosis based on this has attracted increasing attention.Current research on the association between aging and osteoporosis shows the characteristic of multidisciplinary intersection.However,existing reviews are mostly based on a single database(such as PubMed)and lack a systematic comparative analysis of Chinese and English literature.Therefore,it is of great academic value to integrate resources from multiple databases and systematically reveal the research status and hot trends of aging in the field of osteoporosis research.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the development,current status,hotspots,and future trends of research on aging in the field of osteoporosis over the past 20 years,so as to provide references for future related research.METHODS:We searched for research literature on the correlation between aging and osteoporosis in CNKI,WanFang,VIP and Web of Science Core Database.The search time span was from August 1,2004 to September 24,2024.Then,we used NoteExpress 4.0 for data cleaning and CiteSpace 6.3R1(Advanced)and Excel(2024)for literature analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Since 2004,research on the correlation between aging and osteoporosis has shown a significant growth trend.Bibliometric analysis shows that(as of September 2024),and 1 275 English documents and 151 Chinese documents have been published,with the highest number of publications in China and the United States.In terms of publishing institutions,the Mayo Clinic ranked first,followed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and the University of California system.As for core authors,Sundeep Khosla and Joshua Nicholas Farr were the authors with the most publications and citations,while Pei Lingpeng and Hui Bodi were the most worthy of attention in Chinese literature.After the keywords"aging"and"osteoporosis"and their synonyms were excluded,it was found that cellular senescence,senescence-associated secretory phenotype,signaling pathways,and targeted senolytic cell clearance therapy haven been the current research hotspots and theoretical frontiers.

A growing body of research points out that gut microbiota plays a key role in tumor immunotherapy. By optimizing the composition of intestinal microbiota, it is possible to effectively improve immunotherapy resistance and enhance its therapeutic effect. This article comprehensively analyzes the mechanism of intestinal microbiota influencing tumor immunotherapy resistance, expounds the current strategies for targeted regulation of intestinal microbiota, such as traditional Chinese medicine and plant components, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics and dietary therapy, and explores the potential mechanisms of these strategies to improve patients' resistance to tumor immunotherapy. At the same time, the article also briefly discusses the prospects and challenges of targeting intestinal microbiota to improve tumor immunotherapy resistance, which provides a reference for related research to help the strategy research of reversing tumor immunotherapy resistance.

ObjectiveUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） coupled with network pharmacology and molecular docking was utilized to explore the efficacy and mechanism of action of Ermiao Situ decoction on rats with damp-heat eczema. MethodsA rat model of damp-heat eczema was established by artificial climate chamber intervention combined with sensitization induction by dinitrochlorobenzene （DNCB）， and it was randomly divided into the normal group， the model group， the medium- and high-dose groups of Ermiao Situ decoction （3.40 g·kg^-1 and 6.80 g·kg^-1）， and the prednisone acetate group （2.51 mg·kg^-1）， with eight rats in each group， totalling 46 rats， of which six rats were tested with the drug-containing serum. The chemical analysis of drug-containing serum from rats was carried out by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS， combined with network pharmacology for the prediction of key components， core targets， and signaling pathways， and molecular docking experiments were performed by CB-Dock2 online website. The pharmacological effects of Ermiao Situ decoction in the treatment of damp-heat eczema were investigated by epitaxial indexes combined with the pathologic tissue staining method. The serum levels of gastrin （GAS）， interleukin-4 （IL-4）， and interleukin-13 （IL-13） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Interleukin-6 （IL-6）， Janus kinase 1 （JAK1）， phosphorylated （p）-JAK1， signal transduction and activation of transcription factor 3 （STAT3）， and p-STAT3 protein expression level was determined by Western bolt. ResultsA total of 19 active ingredients were detected in drug-containing serum samples of rats， which were predicted to act on 198 targets for the treatment of damp-heat eczema， among which the key ingredients included rhodopsin， huangpai alkaloids， and quercetin， and the main core targets included STAT3， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， and IL-6， which were mainly involved in the cancer signaling pathway， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase （Akt） signaling pathway， T helper 17 （Th17） cell differentiation signaling pathway， and JAK/STAT signaling pathway. The molecular docking results suggested that the key components had strong binding activities with the core targets IL-6， JAK1， and STAT3 in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. The results of animal experiments showed that compared with those in the normal group， rats in the model group were depressed. They had loose hair， loose stools， epidermal oozing， vesiculation， and generation of thick scabs in the form of scales， decreased body weight， increased anus temperature and water intake， and increased indexes of the spleen， thymus gland， and stomach （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the lesion tissue could be seen to be hyperkeratotic， with the aggregation of inflammatory cells and nonsignificant separation of epidermis and dermis. The gastric mucosa was thinned， deficient， and structurally disorganized， and obvious inflammatory cell aggregation was seen. The levels of GAS， IL-4， and IL-13 in serum were significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the protein expression levels of IL-6， JAK1， p-JAK1， and p-STAT3 in the lesion tissue were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， rats in each administration group had stable mental states， formed feces， a clean perianal area， and basically normal epidermis. Only a small amount of scaly scabs existed， and the rats had body weight increased， with decreased anal temperature and water intake， as well as decreased spleen， thymus， and gastric indexes （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Epidermal thickness was decreased， and epidermal and dermal separation boundaries were obvious， but hyperkeratotic and accumulation of inflammatory cells could still be seen. The thickness of gastric mucosa increased， and the structure was restored to varying degrees. The levels of GAS， IL-4， and IL-13 content in the serum of rats were increased to varying degrees， and the protein expression levels of IL-6， JAK1， p-JAK1， and p-STAT3 in the dermal lesion tissue were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionErmiao Situ decoction may exert therapeutic effects on rats with damp-heat eczema by modulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

Polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS） and its resulting infertility is one of the common diseases of gynecology and reproductive endocrinology. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B（PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway is relatively well-studied in the development of intervention in PCOS， and the experiments on PCOS in rats conducted by traditional Chinese medicine through this signaling pathway is also the main direction of mechanistic research. In this paper， 20 articles published in academic journals in the past 5 years were selected through the corresponding criteria， and the objective situation and existing problems of the selected research projects were analyzed from five aspects， namely， baseline data， modeling and treatment， grouping， evaluative indexes， and pharmacodynamic indexes. It is found that there were different degrees of problems in each research project， such as the observation indicators of modeling， criteria for judging the success of the model， the treatment period， the calculation of dosage of prescription/active ingredients and specific dosage were not clearly defined， which could easily lead the bias of the results or reduce the validity of experimental data. Based on this， the list of PCOS rat experimental research operations was formed， involving five categories of experimental rats， model construction， study implementation， outcome measures and analysis and report with a total of 21 operation lists， with a view to provide a reference for the subsequent PCOS experiments related to scientific research and helping to form high-quality results.