Objective: To investigate the microbial mechanisms of Banxia Xiexin Decoction (半夏泻心汤, BXXXD) in the treatment of esophageal precancerous lesions. Methods: A total of 30 specific pathogen-free (SPF) grade female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 6) and a 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO)-exposed group (n = 24). Esophageal precancerous lesions were induced by providing the 4-NQO-exposed group with 4-NQO in drinking water (100 μg/mL) for 17 consecutive weeks, whereas control group received sterile drinking water. After model establishment, the mice in 4-NQO-exposed group were further randomized into model group and three BXXXD-treated groups: low-dose (BXXXD-L, 3.7 g/kg), medium-dose (BXXXD-M, 7.4 g/kg), and high-dose (BXXXD-H, 14.8 g/kg) groups (n = 6 per group). During the subsequent intervention period, mice in control and model groups were gavaged with sterile water, while mice in BXXXD groups were gavaged once daily with the corresponding dose of BXXXD aqueous extract for 4 weeks. Histopathological changes in esophageal tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The fecal and esophageal microbiota were profiled via 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to evaluate bacterial diversity, community structure, and co-occurrence networks. BXXXD chemical fingerprints were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole QExactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS). Serum short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) level was quantified by targeted metabolomics using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Transcriptomic analysis of esophageal tissues was performed to assess gene expression profiles. Results: Compared with model group, BXXXD-M group exhibited reduced mucosal hyperplasia and more orderly epithelial cell arrangement, with superior therapeutic effects in comparison with both BXXXD-L and BXXXD-H groups (P < 0.01). Microbiota analysis revealed that BXXXD increased the abundance of beneficial Enterococcus and reduced pathogenic Escherichia-Shigella in the esophagus. In the gut, BXXXD elevated the relative abundance of beneficial taxa, including Lactobacillus, Dubosiella, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium. Targeted metabolomics showed that BXXXD significantly reduced total serum SCFA level (P < 0.01). Transcriptomic analysis indicated that BXXXD downregulated the expression of genes associated with the progression, migration, and invasion of esophageal cancer, which were identified as kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (Klk6), defensin beta 4 (Defb4), family with sequence similarity 3 member B (Fam3b), carboxypeptidase A4 (Cpa4), serum amyloid A1 (Saa1), and chitinase-like 1 (Chil1) (P < 0.05). Conclusion BXXXD may reduce the expression levels of esophageal cancer-related genes and improve esophageal precancerous lesions through modulation of the gut microbiota and metabolites.

Objective To explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms in postoperative patients with ovarian cancer and to analyze its influencing factors from multiple dimensions, including clinical characteristics, psychological factors, and laboratory indicators. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, which enrolled 235 postoperative patients with ovarian cancer. Depressive status was assessed using the patient health questionnaire, and the demographic, pathological, and medical record data of the patients were collected using the generalized anxiety disorder scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire core 30, and ECOG performance status score. Peripheral blood tumor marker (CA125), routine blood test, lymphocyte subsets, and serum cytokine levels were measured. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results The prevalence of depression in postoperative patients with ovarian cancer was 39.15% (92/235). Univariate analysis showed that ECOG score ≥ 2 points, pain, anxiety, poor sleep quality, low quality of life, low life satisfaction, tumor recurrence, six or more cycles of chemotherapy, as well as higher levels of CA125, NLR, and NAR, and lower hemoglobin levels were significantly associated with depression (all P<0.05). Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that anxiety (OR=1.975, 95%CI: 1.231-3.170), sleep efficiency (OR=4.181, 95%CI: 1.211-14.43), sleep latency (OR=34.806, 95%CI: 4.258-284.542), ECOG performance status score, cognitive function (OR=0.918, 95%CI: 0.868-0.97), and life satisfaction were independent risk factors for depression (all P<0.05). Laboratory indicators were not independent influencing factors in the multivariate Logistic regression model. Conclusion Depression in postoperative patients with ovarian cancer is influenced by physiological, psychological, and social factors. Clinical management should focus on patients with anxiety, sleep disorders, poor physical condition, and low life satisfaction, and a comprehensive prevention and treatment strategy centered on psychological intervention and taking into account symptom management and social support should be implemented.

Although the incidence of each individual type of rare tumor is relatively low, their cumulative impact affects a vast patient population, and their survival prognosis is significantly worse than that of common tumors. In recent years, China has made remarkable progress in clinical research on rare tumors, with a rapid increase in the number of studies and a diversified exploration of treatment modalities. However, clinical research on rare tumors still faces numerous challenges, such as uneven distribution of medical resources, the absence of a foundational registration system, and insufficient motivation for original research and development. Looking ahead, key measures including specialized development, a national collaborative group model, full utilization of real-world data, application of novel clinical research designs, and artificial intelligence technologies will strongly drive comprehensive advancements in China′s rare tumor prevention and treatment system.

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (PACC) is a rare exocrine tumor of the pancreas with distinct clinical and pathological features. In recent years, advancements in molecular biology techniques have led to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PACC. Progress in imaging, endoscopic, and molecular diagnostic technologies has improved the early detection rate of PACC. The primary treatment modalities for PACC include surgical resection, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy; however, the therapeutic efficacy still requires further improvement. This article reviews the current research status of PACC, covering its epidemiology, pathological characteristics, molecular alterations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies, and discusses the controversies and future directions in PACC research.

Objective:To investigate whether systemic immune inflammation index(SII)-C-reactive protein/albumin(CRP/Alb)can predict postoperative survival in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.Methods:A total of 262 patients with NSCLC who underwent surgery in Hebei Provincial People's Hospital from January 2017 to November 2020 were included.SII and CRP/Alb expressions in patients after surgery were analyzed by K-M survival curve analysis,Cox multivariate risk regression analysis and ROC curve analysis.Results:Patients with high SII expression(>961.78)and high CRP/Alb expression(>0.025)had worse outcomes than patients with low SII and CRP/Alb expressions,respectively(P<0.001).SII-CRP/Alb score(P=0.032),age≥60 years(P=0.038)and T stage T2～T3(P<0.001)were significantly associated with shorter overall survival.AUC of SII-CRP/Alb scores were larger than SII and CRP/Alb scores,respectively.Conclusion:SII-CRP/Alb score can effectively evaluate postoperative survival status of patients with NSCLC,and SII-CRP/Alb score are independent predictors of postoperative overall survival in NSCLC patients.

Objective:To design a novel model for experiments on in vitro irradiation with radioactive seeds using a treatment planning system (TPS) and 3D printing technology and to preliminarily validate the design scientific rigor of the model via experiments on isodose brachytherapy (BT) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) on glioma cells in mice. Methods:The TPS was employed to design the model′s shape and calculate the number and positions of radioactive seeds, and 3D printing technology was utilized to fabricate the experimental model. The GL261 cell line was selected for in vitro irradiation experiments, with the mice divided into the control, EBRT, and BT groups. Mice in the EBRT and BT groups were treated with EBRT and BT, respectively, at doses of 2, 4, and 6 Gy. Then, changes in their cell viability, proliferation, and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed. Results:The model for in vitro irradiation with radioactive seeds was successfully designed and fabricated. The single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) verified a uniform radioactive distribution within the model, with no significant cold spots. The BT and EBRT groups displayed decreased cell viability with an increase in the radiation dose. Compared to the EBRT group, the BT group exhibited significantly reduced cell viability (51.33% vs. 22.00%, t = 10.94, P < 0.05) and clone counts (172.67 ± 13.11 vs. 53.67 ± 10.22, t = 8.73, P < 0.05), but a significantly increased level of ROS (102.52 ± 6.87 vs. 144.81 ± 6.01, t = -5.26, P < 0.05) at a dose of 6 Gy. Conclusions:An effective model of in vitro irradiation with radioactive seeds is designed based on TPS and 3D printing technology. This provides an experimental model tool and target for research on the BT and EBRT mechanisms.

Objective:To employ single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT for isodose assignment in 125I brachytherapy, assess the correlation between photon counts and dose values, and develop a clinical γ-ray visualization model for 125I brachytherapy. Methods:125I radioactive seeds were filled into a self-made 3D printed stereotactic template to build a stereotactic model. The model was scanned by SPECT/CT for photon counts at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 cm from the outermost peripheral seeds, and the corresponding dose values were measured using the Treatment Planning System (TPS). The fitting curve for the photon counts and the dose values was plotted using SPSS 27.0 software. Results:The photon counts of γ rays at distances of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 cm from the peripheral particles were 7 603.57±1 806.35, 4 018.26±1 315.72, 2 074.04±791.53, and 1 080.34±424.79, respectively, showing a significant difference ( F=743.72, P<0.01). The dose values (in Gy) in the TPS at distances of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 cm from the peripheral particles were 208.05±37.57, 125.43±17.74, 86.76±17.67, and 61.55±14.39, respectively, which were significantly different ( F=930.46, P<0.01). The photon counts were linearly correlated with the dose values ( y=0.02 x+ 46.45, R2=81.2%, P<0.01). Conclusions:SPECT/CT-based γ-ray photon count detection can be used to assign doses for 125I brachytherapy, enabling the visualization of γ rays in 125I brachytherapy. This approach has a distinct advantage over TPS, laying the foundation for the establishment of an alternative system to TPS.

This paper reviews gamified mobile applications, summarizes their current application status in nurse training for pressure injury management, and analyzes the functions, uses, and limitations of pressure injury management mobile applications. The aim is to provide a reference for the development of gamified mobile applications for pressure injury management in China.

The therapeutic potential of heavy ion accelerators in malignant tumors is investigated through the analyses of precision dosimetry,biological optimization and side effects,evaluation of efficacy outcomes across diverse tumor types,and development prospects.By reviewing the recent literatures and clinical researches on heavy ion therapy,the study focuses on analyzing the physical characteristics and biological effects of heavy ion beams,summarizes their application achievements in complex lesions such as head and neck,chest and abdomen,and bone and soft tissue tumors,and explores their optimization strategies in light of current technological advancements.Research analysis has demonstrated that heavy ion therapy has distinct advantages in precise targeting and effective eradication of tumor cells,achieving high local control rate and success rate.In addition,heavy ion therapy significantly reduces the risk of radiation damage to normal tissues and improves the quality of life of patients.Heavy ion accelerator offers an efficient and safe option for malignant tumor radiotherapy.Its superior physical dose distribution and enhanced biological effects make it become a vital tool in modern precision cancer treatment.Through continued optimization of accelerator technology,heavy ion therapy is expected to become a mainstream treatment modality for more cancer patients.

This paper reviews gamified mobile applications, summarizes their current application status in nurse training for pressure injury management, and analyzes the functions, uses, and limitations of pressure injury management mobile applications. The aim is to provide a reference for the development of gamified mobile applications for pressure injury management in China.