Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal clustering characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province from 2007 to 2024, so as to provide the evidence for optimizing regional PTB prevention and control strategies. Methods: Registration data of PTB cases in Yulin City from 2007 to 2024 were collected from the Tuberculosis Management Information System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change (APC) were used to analyze the trends in PTB registration rates. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, spatial and population distribution characteristics. Spatio-temporal scan analysis was used to analyze the spatio-temporal clustering characteristics. Results: A total of 35 874 PTB cases were registered in Yulin City from 2007 to 2024. The registered incidence decreased from 80.41/105 in 2007 to 38.53/105 in 2024 (AAPC=-3.916%, P<0.05). Downward trends were observed from 2007 to 2016 and from 2019 to 2022 (APC=-4.440%, -19.361%, both P<0.05). March used to be the peak of disease incidence, with a seasonal index of 1.78, while February used to be the trough, with a seasonal index of -1.38. The average annual registered incidence rates were relatively high in Zhouxian County, Wubu County, and Suide County, at 89.02/105, 82.52/105 and 79.61/105, respectively. There were 21 672 registered PTB cases among males, accounting for 60.41%, and 14 202 cases among females, accounting for 39.59%. The higher registered cases were observed in groups aged 15 to <25 years and ≥65 years, with 9 400 and 7 950 cases, accounting for 26.20% and 22.16%, respectively. The proportion of population aged ≥65 years increased from 16.97% in 2007 to 43.24% in 2024, with an increase of 154.80%. Farmers were the predominant occupation, with 24 477 cases, accounting for 68.23%. Spatio-temporal scan analysis showed that the primary clusters consistently included Qingjian County, Suide County, Zizhou County, and Wubu County from 2007 to 2015, 2016 to 2019, 2020 to 2022 and 2023 to 2024. Mizhi County was incorporated into the clusters from 2016 to 2019 and 2020 to 2022, while Jiaxian County was further added from 2023 to 2024. The specific cluster periods were from January 2007 to June 2011, November 2017 to August 2019, March 2020 to July 2021, and February 2023 to July 2024, respectively. Conclusions From 2007 to 2024, the registered incidence of PTB in Yulin City showed an overall declining trend. March marked the peak of disease onset. Males, the elderly aged ≥65 years and farmers were the high-incidence population. Persistent spatio-temporal clustering was observed in the southern regions, including Qingjian County, Suide County, Zizhou County, Wubu County, and Mizhi County.

To investigate the formation of polystyrene nanoplastic-plant protein corona and its potential impact on plants, three differently modified polystyrene nanoplastics with an average particle size of 200 nm were taken to interact with the leaf proteins of Impatiens hawkeri for 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h, and 36 h, respectively. The morphological changes were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surface roughness was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), the hydrated particle size and zeta potential were determined by nanoparticle size and zeta potential analyzer, and the protein composition of the protein corona was identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The proteins were classified in terms of biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions to study the adsorption selection of nanoplastics to proteins, investigate the formation and characteristics of polystyrene nanoplastic-plant protein corona and predict the potential impact of protein corona on plants. The results showed that the morphological changes of the nanoplastics became clearer as the reaction time extends, as evidenced by the increase in size and roughness and the enhancement of stability, thus demonstrating the formation of protein corona. In addition, the transformation rate from soft to hard protein corona was basically the same for the three polystyrene nanoplastics in the formation of protein corona with leaf proteins under the same protein concentration conditions. Moreover, in the reaction with leaf proteins, the selective adsorption of the three nanoplastics to proteins with different isoelectric points and molecular weights differed, and the particle size and stability of the final formed protein corona also differed. Since a large portion of the protein fraction in protein corona is involved in photosynthesis, it is hypothesized that the formation of the protein corona may affect photosynthesis in I. hawkeri.
Polystyrenes/chemistry* ; Protein Corona/chemistry* ; Microplastics ; Plant Proteins ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Nanoparticles/chemistry*

Objective To explore the application effects of hip muscle training on female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods Totally 48 female patients with mild to moderate SUI were recruited in this study from the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January to November 2015 by using purposive sampling method. According to the random number table,the participants were divided into the intervention group (n=24) and the control group (n=24). Patients in the intervention group received resisted hip muscle exercise,including the hip internal rotation and hip external rotation. Patients in the control group received conventional pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME). The intervention lasted for 12 weeks,and the application effects were evaluated by the questionnaire of urinary incontinence quality of life (I-QOL) and the urine pad test before the intervention,eight weeks,and 12 weeks after the intervention.Results After the intervention,the urine leakage was significantly decreased,and the I-QOL score was increased (P<0.05). Although the urine leakage had no statistical difference between two groups (P>0.05),the total I-QOL scores and the scores of social barriers dimension were higher inr the intervention group compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). But on the dimension of limited behavior and the psychological impact,there were no statistical differences between two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions Resisted hip muscle training can effectively decrease the urine leakage and improve the quality of life of female patients with mild to moderate SUI.

Urinary incontinence is a common disease of women. Approximately there are two billion patients with urinary incontinence globally, SUI accounts for almost 1/2 of urinary incontinence. Stress urinary incontinence not only affects women′s health and limits the patients′ daily behavior and physical activity, resulting in anxiety, depression, etc. In view of the high prevalence of SUI, the high impact rate and low rate of diagnosis and treatment, the clinical medical professionals need to understand the relevant contents of SUI. This review will summarize the risk factors about stress urinary incontinence and the development of pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation. We hope to provide reference for clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the value of low-pressure laparoscopic technique for appendicitis surgery during early and mid-term pregnancy.Methods The clinical data of 13 pregnant women underwent low-pressure laparoscopic appendectomy from July 2007 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Results All the 13 cases were performed laparoscopic appendectomy successfully without laparotomy and cured completely before discharged from hospital No intestinal fistula,wound infection,abortion and other complications occurred.During follow-up,9 cases of full-term pregnancy patients gave birth to healthy babies,and there was no abortion and premature delivery on 4 patients still in their pregnancy.Conclusion For women at early or mid-term pregnancy with acute appendicitis,low-pressure laparoscopic appendectomy could reduce the stimulus of surgical operation on uterus and decrease the risk of abortion.