Objective:To analyze the application effect of PAD teaching mode in Epidemiology teaching,and to investigate students'suggestions for improving PAD class,so as to provide some thoughts and basis for improving teaching reform.Methods:PAD class was introduced into Epidemiology teaching.Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted after class,and questionnaires about PAD learning interests and suggestions for improvement were anonymously collected.The teaching effect was analyzed and suggestions for rectification were put forward.Results:Among the 134 students majoring in medical laboratory science,the score rate of each learning interest survey item of PAD teaching mode was more than 80% .And 57.46% of the students thought that discussion sessions should be added.The scores of chapter test in PAD mode class was higher than that in traditional mode class(t=2.938,P＜0.01).Conclusions:PAD class can enhance learning interest and knowledge mastery.The time schedule of teaching and discussion should be adjusted in time according to students'wishes,and after-school exercises and counseling should be appropriately increased to promote the application of PAD class in Epidemiology teaching.

Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation of lung function and nasal inflammation of students from different places of origin, and to explore the possible relationship between air pollutants and lung function and inflammatory factors of healthy college students. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 253 healthy college students, including their basic personal information, the origin of students, and their living environment, then their lung functions were tested, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Furthermore, according to the air quality of the region of origin, 60 students from areas with good air quality and 30 students from areas with poor air quality were selected. Nasal inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α levels) were detected before (July 12, 2019) and after summer vacation (August 27, 2019) to analyze the impact factors on lung function in healthy college students and the level of nasal inflammatory markers after short-term differential exposure to air pollutants. Results The univariate analysis of the questionnaire survey showed that the lung function of healthy college students was influenced by urban-rural distribution, air quality of students' origin, and height. Multivariate analysis found that compared with urban healthy college students, the FVC and FEV1 of rural students increased by 0.346 L and 0.322 L respectively (P<0.05). In addition, for each decrease in the grade of air quality of students' origin, FEV1 and PEF decreased by 0.193 L and 0.687 L/s respectively (P<0.05). After differential exposure to air pollutants during the holiday, healthy college students from areas with poor air quality had higher levels of the nasal mucous membrane inflammatory marker TNF-α than those from areas with good air quality (P<0.05). Conclusions The lung function of healthy college students is affected by urban-rural distribution and the air quality of their region of origin, and the short-term differential exposure to air pollutants leads to changes of nasal inflammatory factors in young healthy individuals.

The comparison between traditional Chinese medicine Jinzhen oral liquid (JZOL) and Western medicine in treating children with acute bronchitis (AB) showed encouraging outcomes. This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the JZOL for improving cough and expectoration in children with AB. 480 children were randomly assigned to take JZOL or ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution for 7 days. The primary outcome was time-to-cough resolution. The median time-to-cough resolution in both groups was 5.0 days and the antitussive onset median time was only 1 day. This randomized controlled trial showed that JZOL was not inferior to cough suppressant and phlegm resolving western medicine in treating cough and sputum and could comprehensively treat respiratory and systemic discomfort symptoms. Combined with clinical trials, the mechanism of JZOL against AB was uncovered by network target analysis, it was found that the pathways in TRP channels like IL-1β/IL1R/TRPV1/TRPA1, NGF/TrkA/TRPV1/TRPA1, and PGE2/EP/PKA/TRPV1/TRPA1 might play important roles. Animal experiments further confirmed that inflammation and the immune regulatory effect of JZOL in the treatment of AB were of vital importance and TRP channels were the key mechanism of action.

Objective To explore the differences in the effectiveness of using different blood indicators individually,in combination,and for dynamic monitoring in the diagnosis,differential diagnosis,and prognosis of bacterial infections.Methods 1843 cases with infectious symptoms or signs from January 2015 to September 2022 at the People's Hospital of Yuxi City were selected as the case group,and 2298 uninfected individuals during the same period were selected as the control group.Blood indicators of the two groups were collected.Variables were grouped according to gender,age group,specimen type,etc.SPSS 24.0 and Medcalc 20.0 were used for statistical analysis.Results The individual diagnostic efficacy of various blood indicators for detecting infection ranges from 0.656 to 0.937.When used together,the efficacy ranges from 0.907 to 0.987.The efficacy of distinguishing between G+c and G-b in different specimens is as follows:when PCT is used alone in blood,the AUC is 0.875 for males and 0.769 for females.However,the individual diagnostic efficacy in male mucous secretions,sterile body fluids,and non-adult male sputum is all≤0.7.Yet,when used together,the efficacy is AUC(0.789,0.737,0.86)respectively.The dynamic monitoring of PCT,IL-6,CRP,WBC,and LAC in adult patients at 24 h,48 h,and 72 h after admission shows statistically significant differences in prognostic efficacy for G+c and G-b(P<0.05).Conclusions Blood indicators have a certain diagnostic value for determining whether there is a bacterial infection,and there are gender differences.The combined use of these indicators is more effective.The diagnostic value of using blood indicators alone or in combination for distinguishing between G+c and G-b in different types of specimens varies.The use of PCT alone in blood specimens is the most effective.For adult males,the combined use of body surface mucous secretions and sterile body fluids is most effective,while for underage males,the combined use of sputum is most effective.The combined use for females is not effective.Dynamic monitoring of PCT,CRP,IL-6,LAC,and WBC has a high value for evaluating the prognosis and therapeutic effect of infections.The evaluation of G+c infection is most effective at 24 hours for IL-6,and for G-b infection,it is most effective at 72 hours for PCT.

Objective To discuss the correlation between dynamic changes in pulmonary function and chronic cough in 5-to-14-year-old children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)after acute period(about 2 weeks after admission). Methods One hundred and fifty - six hospitalized children diagnosed with MPP from Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University from February 2014 to May 2017 were selected. According to the results of routine ventilatory pulmonary function before discharge(10-14 days in hospital;acute phase group),there were 50 patients with normal pulmonary function and 106 patients with abnormal pulmonary function. All patients continued to take oral azithromycin for 2 to 3 courses after discharge,and the indexes of lung function were dynamically tracked in 1 month(1-month group)and 2 months(2-month group)in the group of abnormal lung function after leaving the hospital,and the incidences and causes of chronic cough were followed up. Results (1)There were 106 cases with abnormal pulmonary function in 156 cases with MPP in acute phase group,and the rate of incidence was 67. 95%. Twenty-seven(29. 35%)out of 97 children were still abnormal in pulmonary functional testing 1 month after leaving hospital( 1-month group). Among the 27 cases,about 18. 52%(5/27 cases) of them still did not return to normal 2 months after discharge( 2-month group ). There were significant differences in the occurrence of abnormal pulmonary function among 3 groups mentioned above(χ2 ＝162. 64,P<0. 001).(2)Ratios of measured values and predicted ones of forced vital capacity( FVC ),forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 ),peak expiratory flow(PEF)and maximum mid-expiratory flow(MMEF 25% -75%)in the lung function of 2-month group after the acute phase of MPP were significantly higher than those of 1-month group and acute phase group,and the values of 1 -month group were better than those in acute phase one,which were statistically different among 3 groups(P<0. 01).(3)The rate of occurrence of chronic cough in normal lung function group was about 18. 00%(9/50 cases),and in abnormal pulmonary function group,it was about 70. 75%(75/106 cases). There was a significant difference between them(χ2 ＝35. 96,P<0. 05). Abnormal pulmonary functions were the influencing factors of chronic cough(r＝0. 55,P<0. 01).(4)There were 5 cases with upper airway cough syndrome(UACS)and 4 cases with post-infection cough(PIC)found in the normal lung function group. By contrast,75 cases suffered from chronic cough in abnormal pulmonary functions group,of which 36 cases with cough variant asthma( CVA),24 cases with UACS,8 cases with comorbidity of CVA and UACS and 7 cases with PIC. Conclusions Abnormal lung function after acute period of MPP may last 4 to 8 weeks,or probably even longer. In normal lung function group,UACS is the most common cause,then followed by PIC. On the contrary,the main cause of chronic cough in abnormal pulmonary function group is CVA,followed by UACS. Chronic cough is related to abnormal lung function after acute phase of MPP.