Elderly patients with primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) exhibit significant prognostic heterogeneity and poor tolerance to immunotherapy. However, there is a lack of early prognostic prediction tools specifically for this population. This study aimed to develop a prognostic prediction model applicable to elderly PMN patients.

Breast cancer is the number one killer threatening women's health, and the side effects caused by its treatment seriously affect patients' quality of life. Research has confirmed that good patient activation can effectively improve the quality of life of breast cancer patients, and it is of great significance to improve the quality of care and the recovery process of breast cancer patients.The purpose of this study is to review the current situation, assessment tools, influencing factors, and interventions of breast cancer patients' activation, in order to provide reference for researchers to conduct patient activation-related studies in the future.

To understand the pathogenicity and drug resistance of swine-derived E.coli and its bio-logical characteristics in some areas in Hebei,E.coli was isolated and identified from diarrheal fe-ces of piglets collected from swine farms,and the isolated strains were subjected to drug sensitivity test,detection of the ability to form biofilm,pathogenicity test,virulence gene test,drug resistance gene test,and identification of phylogenetic subgroups.The results showed that a total of 35 patho-genic E.coli strains were isolated from the feces of diarrheic piglets,and most of the isolates were multidrug-resistant,and were resistant to at least three antibiotics,including amoxicillin(88.57％),ampicillin(88.57％),doxycycline(88.75％),sulfisoxazole(77.17％),lincomycin(100％),and chloramphenicol(100％);the isolates were severely resistant.The isolates all carried virulence genes,with a total of five virulence genes detected,namely,EAST1(77.14％),eaeA(17.14％),stx2e(5.71％),LT(2.86％),and STb(2.86％),and the isolates also carried multi-re-sistance genes,with a total of five virulence genes detected,namely,bla TEM-1(65.71％),bla CTX-M(20.00％),tetA(82.86％),tetB(14.29％),aadA2(17.14％),aac(6')-Ib(14.29％),qnrS(17.14％),sul 1(40.00％),sul2(34.29％),and floR(60.00％);the phylogenetic grouping showed that the isolates had a high proportion of group B1 and group A;and all 35 isolates showed differ-ent pathogenicity after infection of mice.This study provides a reference for the selection of effec-tive therapeutic drugs and the development of prevention and control programs for swine-origin pathogenic E.coli in Hebei Province.

The incidence rate of metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is gradually increasing,and it has become a common chronic liver disease globally.MAFLD is closely associated with metabolic dysfunction,with dietary and exercise interventions as the primary treatment method,among which dietary control is of particular importance.This article summarizes related articles on the prevention and treatment of MAFLD through different fasting patterns in recent years,and the analysis showed that by restricting food intake and controlling calorie consumption,fasting therapy can help to reduce body weight and improve metabolic disorders.Further studies and clinical practice are needed to explore and validate the value of different fasting patterns in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD.

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is worldwide and poses a serious threat to human health.Existing conventional therapeutic drugs(e.g.,interferon-alpha,nucleoside analogs)can inhibit intrahepatic replication of HBV,but it is difficult to remove HBV covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)from the nucleus of hepatocytes,resulting in the virus not being easily cleared and the formation of a chronic infection that is difficult to cure.However,the emergence of targeted drugs is expected to destroy cccDNA making a cure for HBV infection possible.To achieve this,in vitro cell models of HBV infection and replication are needed to screen for targeted drugs.In recent years,in vitro cell models for HBV research have made fundamental progress,providing a platform for a better understanding of virus-host interactions,in vitro studies of the HBV life cycle,and the screening and evaluation of novel antiviral drugs.In this review,the research progress of HBV infection and replication cell models,and the characteristics and limitations of different cell models are reviewed,aiming to provide a basis for exploring the mechanism of complex chronic HBV infection,screening targeted drugs and selecting suitable HBV cell models in vitro.

Objective:To analyze the genomic characteristics and antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from food sources in Beijing City in 2022. Methods:A total of 83 strains of Listeria monocytogenes were isolated from three major categories of food, namely raw poultry, raw livestock meat and ready-to-eat foods, in Beijing′s food safety risk monitoring in 2022. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to determine serogroups, multilocus sequence typing (ST) and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes were identified using the VFDB and ResFinder 3.0 databases. Antimicrobial susceptibility to eight antibiotics was tested via the broth microdilution method. Results:The predominant serogroup was 1/2a, 3a (61.2%). All the isolates were divided into 14 STs, with ST121 (21.7%), ST8 (20.5%), ST9 (13.3%), and ST87 (13.3%) as the dominant types. All 83 isolates were classified into 75 cgMLST types, with six clusters showing identical profiles, indicating potential clonal transmission. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that strains of the same ST clustered together regardless of geographic origin, and some Beijing isolates differed by fewer than 10 alleles from strains isolated in other countries. All the isolates in the study carried virulence islands 1(LIPI-1) and LIPI-2. LIPI-3 was detected in ST1, ST11 and ST3 isolates, while LIPI-4 was found in ST87 isolates. About 42 isolates (50.6%, including ST1, ST11, ST5, ST307, ST8, ST9, ST155, and ST3) harbored SSI-1, and 18 ST121 isolates carried SSI-2. Only 3.61% (three strains) and 4.82% (four strains) of isolates exhibited resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin, respectively. No resistance to other tested antibiotics was observed.Conclusion:Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes in Beijing exhibits high genomic diversity but is dominated by specific STs, some of which are associated with hypervirulence. Some Beijing isolates have homology with food-derived isolates from other countries.

The incidence rate of metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is gradually increasing,and it has become a common chronic liver disease globally.MAFLD is closely associated with metabolic dysfunction,with dietary and exercise interventions as the primary treatment method,among which dietary control is of particular importance.This article summarizes related articles on the prevention and treatment of MAFLD through different fasting patterns in recent years,and the analysis showed that by restricting food intake and controlling calorie consumption,fasting therapy can help to reduce body weight and improve metabolic disorders.Further studies and clinical practice are needed to explore and validate the value of different fasting patterns in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with bloodletting and cupping in the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria（CSU） and to explore its potential mechanisms of action. MethodsSeventy CSU patients were randomly divided into loratadine group and acupuncture + bloodletting group， with 35 patients in each group. The loratadine group received oral loratadine tablets， 10 mg once daily in the evening. The acupuncture + bloodletting group received acupuncture at Zhongwan （CV 12）， Guanyuan （CV 4）， Tianshu （ST 25）， Zusanli （ST 36）， Sanyinjiao （SP 6）， Xuehai （SP 10）， Quchi （LI 11）， Hegu （LI 4）， Taichong （LR 3）， Baihui （GV 20）， and Shenting （GV 24）， once daily，along with bloodletting and cupping at Dazhui （GV 14） and Geshu （BL 17）， every other day. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The 7-day urticaria activity score（UAS7） was assessed before and after the treatment， and levels of serum immunoglobulin E （IgE）， interleukin-4 （IL-4）， interleukin-5 （IL-5）， eosinophil cationic protein （ECP）， plasma tissue factor （TF）， activated factor Ⅶ （FⅦa）， prothrombin fragment 1+2 （F1+2）， D-dimer （D-D） and complement component 5a （C5a） were detected. ResultsA total of 65 patients were included in the final analysis， 32 in the loratadine group and 33 in the acupuncture + bloodletting group. Before treatment， there was no significant difference in UAS7 score， serum IgE， IL-4， IL-5， ECP levels， or plasma TF， FⅦa， F1+2， D-D， C5a levels between groups （P＞ 0.05）. After treatment， both groups showed significant reductions in UAS7 score， serum IgE， IL-4， IL-5， and plasma TF， FⅦa， F1+2， D-D， and C5a levels compared to those before treatment （P＜0.01）. However， after treatment， there was no significant difference in UAS7 score and serum ECP， IgE， IL-4， IL-5 levels between groups （P＞0.05）. The acupuncture + bloodletting group showed lower plasma TF， FⅦa， F1+2， D-D and C5a levels compared to the loratadine group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionAcupuncture combined with bloodletting and cupping can effectively improve the skin symptoms of CSU patients and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors. The potential mechanism of action may involve the regulation of the coagulation-complement-mast cell activation axis， thereby inhibiting mast cell degranulation.

The study was a prospective observational study. A total of 24 patients who underwent maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) at Haidian Hospital in Beijing from May 2024 to June 2024 were included as the study subjects. The safety and efficacy of a new single-needle dialysis in MHD patients were evaluated. The reasons for using single-needle dialysis included waiting for the maturity of internal fistula(7 cases, 29.17%), autogenous arteriovenous fistula thrombosis occurred (6 cases, 25.00%), puncture difficulty occurred (7 cases, 29.17%), and pain sensitivity or elderly (4 cases, 16.67%). The results showed that the average blood flow was (155.65±5.90) ml/min, total blood volume was (35.92±2.65) L during single-needle dialysis. One patient had slight puncture leakage, and the puncture success rate was 95.83%. Relevant indicators of dialysis adequacy showed that the average urea clearance (Kt/V) was 0.90±0.42, urea reduction ratio was 58.31%±7.93%, and online real-time Kt/V monitoring average value was 0.98±0.55. The results suggest that the application of the new improved single-needle dialysis mode in MHD patients is safe and effective.

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is worldwide and poses a serious threat to human health.Existing conventional therapeutic drugs(e.g.,interferon-alpha,nucleoside analogs)can inhibit intrahepatic replication of HBV,but it is difficult to remove HBV covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)from the nucleus of hepatocytes,resulting in the virus not being easily cleared and the formation of a chronic infection that is difficult to cure.However,the emergence of targeted drugs is expected to destroy cccDNA making a cure for HBV infection possible.To achieve this,in vitro cell models of HBV infection and replication are needed to screen for targeted drugs.In recent years,in vitro cell models for HBV research have made fundamental progress,providing a platform for a better understanding of virus-host interactions,in vitro studies of the HBV life cycle,and the screening and evaluation of novel antiviral drugs.In this review,the research progress of HBV infection and replication cell models,and the characteristics and limitations of different cell models are reviewed,aiming to provide a basis for exploring the mechanism of complex chronic HBV infection,screening targeted drugs and selecting suitable HBV cell models in vitro.