Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1 064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser of dual-mode with auxiliary functional product introduction in treatment of melasma.Methods:A prospective study was conducted from March 2022 to September 2023 at the Department of Cosmetic Dermatology, Guangzhou Zesee Plastic Surgery Hospital, including 46 female patients with melasma, aged 26-53 (38.5±7.0) years. Patients were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table: experimental group (1 064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser dual-mode treatment followed by the introduction of functional product) and control group (1 064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser of dual-mode treatment followed by the introduction of 0.9% NaCl), with 23 patients in each group. By using the melasma area and severity index (MASI) score, the physician′s global assessment and the patient′s satisfaction evaluation as evaluation indicators, the treatment effects were assessed at different time points. Adverse reactions were recorded in both groups.Results:At 4 and 12 weeks after the third treatment, the MASI scores in the experimental group were lower than those of the control group ( P<0.001). At 4 weeks after the third treatment, the rate of moderate or above improvement in pigment spots was 95.7% (22/23) in the experimental group, which was higher than the 69.6% (16/23) in the control group ( P=0.011). At 12 weeks after the third treatment, the rate of moderate or above improvement in the experimental group was 30.4% (7/23), which was higher than the 8.7% (2/23) in the control group ( P=0.006). At 24 weeks after the third treatment, the rate of moderate or above improvement in the experimental group was 13.0% (3/23), which was higher than the 0% (0/23) in the control group ( P=0.015). At 4 weeks after the third treatment, the satisfactory rate in the experimental group was 73.9% (17/23), which was higher than the 43.5% (10/23) in the control group ( P=0.009). At 12 weeks after the third treatment, the satisfactory rate in the experimental group was 69.6% (16/23), which was higher than the 39.1% (9/23) in the control group ( P=0.040). At 24 weeks after the third treatment, the satisfactory rate in the experimental group was 56.5% (13/23), which was higher than the 4.4% (1/23) in the control group ( P=0.002). One patient in the experimental group experienced mild itching on the cheek on the second day post-treatment. In the control group, two patients experienced mild itching and erythema on the second day post-treatment. No serious adverse reactions, such as blisters, scabs, or pigmentation, were observed in either group during the treatment or follow-up periods. Conclusion:The 1 064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser of dual-mode with auxiliary functional product introduction in treatment of melasma has a better efficacy, with a shorter recovery period and fewer adverse reactions.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1 064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser of dual-mode with auxiliary functional product introduction in treatment of melasma.Methods:A prospective study was conducted from March 2022 to September 2023 at the Department of Cosmetic Dermatology, Guangzhou Zesee Plastic Surgery Hospital, including 46 female patients with melasma, aged 26-53 (38.5±7.0) years. Patients were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table: experimental group (1 064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser dual-mode treatment followed by the introduction of functional product) and control group (1 064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser of dual-mode treatment followed by the introduction of 0.9% NaCl), with 23 patients in each group. By using the melasma area and severity index (MASI) score, the physician′s global assessment and the patient′s satisfaction evaluation as evaluation indicators, the treatment effects were assessed at different time points. Adverse reactions were recorded in both groups.Results:At 4 and 12 weeks after the third treatment, the MASI scores in the experimental group were lower than those of the control group ( P<0.001). At 4 weeks after the third treatment, the rate of moderate or above improvement in pigment spots was 95.7% (22/23) in the experimental group, which was higher than the 69.6% (16/23) in the control group ( P=0.011). At 12 weeks after the third treatment, the rate of moderate or above improvement in the experimental group was 30.4% (7/23), which was higher than the 8.7% (2/23) in the control group ( P=0.006). At 24 weeks after the third treatment, the rate of moderate or above improvement in the experimental group was 13.0% (3/23), which was higher than the 0% (0/23) in the control group ( P=0.015). At 4 weeks after the third treatment, the satisfactory rate in the experimental group was 73.9% (17/23), which was higher than the 43.5% (10/23) in the control group ( P=0.009). At 12 weeks after the third treatment, the satisfactory rate in the experimental group was 69.6% (16/23), which was higher than the 39.1% (9/23) in the control group ( P=0.040). At 24 weeks after the third treatment, the satisfactory rate in the experimental group was 56.5% (13/23), which was higher than the 4.4% (1/23) in the control group ( P=0.002). One patient in the experimental group experienced mild itching on the cheek on the second day post-treatment. In the control group, two patients experienced mild itching and erythema on the second day post-treatment. No serious adverse reactions, such as blisters, scabs, or pigmentation, were observed in either group during the treatment or follow-up periods. Conclusion:The 1 064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser of dual-mode with auxiliary functional product introduction in treatment of melasma has a better efficacy, with a shorter recovery period and fewer adverse reactions.

BACKGROUND:Currently,there is a lack of large sample studies to analyze the bone metabolism level of patients with femoral head necrosis of different etiologies and stages,which is not conducive to the development of better necrosis-promoting repair strategies. OBJECTIVE:To study the bone metabolism of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head with different etiologies and Association Research Circulation Osseous(ARCO)stages. METHODS:A retrospective study was performed on 401 patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the femoral head as the trial group,and 81 healthy subjects as the control group.The trial group could be divided into three groups according to different etiologies:steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,alcoholic osteonecrosis of the femoral head and traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head,and were divided into stages Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ according to different ARCO stages.Seven bone metabolism-related indicators of all subjects were collected,including bone metabolism-regulating hormone 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone conversion markers:N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen,degradation product of type Ⅰ collagen,n-terminal middle molecular fragment of osteocalcin,general biochemical markers of bone metabolism:serum calcium,serum phosphorus,serum alkaline phosphatase.The bone metabolism levels of each group were compared and the independent factors associated with osteonecrosis of the femoral head were determined by binary Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group,levels of degradation product of type Ⅰ collagen,N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen,n-terminal middle molecular fragment of osteocalcin,serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in the trial group were significantly increased(all P＜0.05).Based on the presence or absence of the disease,according to binary Logistic regression analysis,degradation product of type Ⅰ collagen,N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen,and n-terminal middle molecular fragment of osteocalcin were independent factors associated with osteonecrosis of the femoral head.The levels of degradation product of type Ⅰ collagen and N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen in three groups of patients with different etiologies were higher than normal reference values.The bone metabolism-regulating hormone 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum calcium in the alcoholic osteonecrosis of the femoral head group were higher than those in the other two groups(P＜0.05).The level of bone metabolism-regulating hormone 25-hydroxyvitamin D in steroid-induced and traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head groups was lower than the normal value.There were no significant differences in seven bone metabolism-related indicators in patients with ARCO stages Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ osteonecrosis of the femoral head(all P＞0.05),but degradation product of type Ⅰ collagen and N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen in these three groups were higher than normal reference values.Bone metabolism-regulating hormone 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with ARCO stage Ⅱ and ARCO stage Ⅳ was lower than the normal reference value.It is concluded that the bone metabolism level of osteonecrosis of the femoral head patients was abnormal.The degradation product of type Ⅰ collagen and N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen of osteonecrosis of the femoral head patients with different etiologies and ARCO stages were all higher than the normal reference value,and they were in a state of high bone turnover.Degradation product of type Ⅰ collagen,N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen and n-terminal middle molecular fragment of osteocalcin may be risk factors for the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Aim The key genes for necroptosis in atherosclerosis were screened by bioinformatics methods and verified with the help of in vitro experiments to provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis from the perspective of necroptosis.Methods Genes related to atherosclerotic plaques were downloaded from GEO da-tabase,and genes related to necroptosis were downloaded from GeneCards database and intersected to obtain atherosclerotic necroptosis genes,and the mechanism of action and signalling pathways of the genes were further analysed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis,and the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed and screened for key genes.Finally,macrophages were treated with oxidized low density lipoprotein(oa-LDL)at a final concentration of 100 mg/L,and the expression of key genes was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results A total of 81 atherosclerotic nec-roptosis genes were obtained.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that they were mainly enriched in the positive regulation of endopeptidase activity,IκB kinase(IKK)/nuclear factor-KB(NF-κB)signalling,and autophagy signalling pathway.Five key genes including HSPA8,STAT3,HMOX1,SQSTM1 and FAS were obtained by using five computa-tional methods of Cytoscape software cytoHubba plug-in.Compared with the normal control group,the HMOX1 gene was highly expressed in THP-1 macrophages treated with ox-LDL(P＜0.05),while the expression of the HSPA8,STAT3,SQSTM1 and FAS genes showed no significant changes(P＞0.05);the HMOX1 and SQSTM1 genes were highly expressed in RAW264.7 macrophages treated with ox-LDL(P＜0.05),while HSPA8,STAT3 and FAS genes showed no significant changes(P＞0.05).The expression of HMOX1 protein in THP-1 macrophages was also increased.Conclusion HMOX1 may be the key gene of atherosclerotic necroptosis,and it is expected to become a new target for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

Objective To observe the effects of transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange(THRIVE)on gastric air intake and SpO2 in patients with painless endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)of colorectal polyps.Methods Seventy patients with painless colorectal polyps EMR,36 males,34 females,aged 18-64 years,BMI 18-25 kg/m2,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ.The patients were divided into two groups:high-flow oxygen inhalation group(group T)and conventional oxygen inhalation group(group C)by random number table method,35 cases in each group.Patients in group T were given THRIVE oxygen inhalation,and patients in group C were routinely inhaled oxygen through the nose.During anesthesia,the BIS value was maintained at 50-65.Bedside gastric ultrasonography was used to observe the gastric content and gastric air intake of patients.The HR and resting SpO2 in the supine position were recorded 5 minutes before the surgery(rest for 5 minutes),1 minute after entering the endoscope,when entering the endoscope to the ileocecal valve,and at the end of the surgery.The PaCO2,PaO2 and pH values were recorded 5 mi-nutes before surgery,when entering the endoscope to the ileocecal valve,and at the end of the surgery,so were gastric intake and satiety,and antral cross-sectional area(CSA)for 5 minutes before surgery and after surgery.The occurrence of mild,moderate,and severe hypoxia during anesthesia were recorded.The opera-tion time,the amount of propofol used during the operation,the number of dosage times of remifentanil,PACU residence time,and infusion during surgery,the occurrence of adverse reactions such as hypotension,hypertension,bradycardia,reflux aspiration,postoperative nausea and vomiting,and the sat-isfaction score of digestive endoscopy physicians and patients were recrded.Results Compared with group C,SpO2 in group T was significantly increased 1 minutes after entering the endoscope(P＜0.05),and PaCO2 was significantly decreased at the time of entering the endoscope to the ileocecal valve and the end of the surgery(P＜0.05),the incidence of mild and moderate hypoxia was significantly reduced in group T(P＜0.05).No positive gastric air intake and full stomach were found in both groups at rest for 5 minutes and after the surgery.There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions and patient satisfaction scores between the two groups.The satisfaction score of endoscopists in group T was significantly higher than that in group C(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with conventional nasal catheter oxygen inhalation,THRIVE ventilation does not cause hypercapnia or affect gastric intake and stomach content,does reduce the occurrence of mild to moderate hypoxia in patients undergoing painless EMR,does not in-crease the risk of reflux aspiration,and has a higher satisfaction of digestive endoscopy physicians.

Exercise is medicine.Exercise is not only the cornerstone of children′s normal growth and development, but also the necessary condition of physical and mental health.Moreover, exercise contributes to the management of childhood asthma.Exercise prescription is an effective method for children with asthma, but there is no much experience in China, we should continuously explore and optimize it.Therefore, the level of physical activity could be improved in children with asthma.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of percutaneous hollow screw combined with tension band internal fixation for comminuted patellar fracture after arthroscopic reduction.Methods 105 patients with comminuted patellar fracture in our hospital from April 2013 to September 2017 were selected and divided into observation group (n =53) and control group (n =52) according to different treatment schemes.The control group was treated with conventional open reduction and Kirschner wire combined with tension band internal fixation,while the observation group was treated with arthroscopic assisted reduction and percutaneous cannulated screw combined with wire tension band internal fixation.The operation status and postoperative fracture healing time of the two groups were compared.One-year follow-up was performed after operation.The incidence of complications,the excellent and good rate of operation,and the preoperative and postoperative pain scores (VAS) and knee were compared.Hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS),Activity of Daily Life Scale (ADL),quality of life score (the Mos 36-item Short Form Health Survey,SF-36) were compared.Results The observation group had fewer fluoroscopy times during operation,shorter incision length and shorter healing time after operation than the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the incidence of complications in the observation group was 3.85％,lower than 20.00％ in the control group,and the excellent and good rate of operation was 96.15％,higher than 82.00％ in the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the VAS scores of the two groups were lower than those of the control group one year after operation,and the scores of HSS,ADL and SF-36 were lower than those of the control group.The preoperative improvement was higher in the observation group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Arthroscopic reduction combined with percutaneous hollow screw and tension band internal fixation for patellar comminuted fracture can reduce surgical trauma and accelerate the rehabilitation of patients.It can reduce the incidence of complications,relieve pain,improve knee function,daily living ability and quality of life,and the effect is remarkable.

Objective To examine the effect of endothelial colony-forming cells conditioned medium(ECFCs-CM)on biological function of human dermal fibroblasts(HDFs). Methods Human cord blood derived-ECFCs were isolated and identified based on the previous studies. The cytokines in ECFCs-CM were detected using a cytokines antibody array. HDFs were cultured with ECFCs-CM,using serum free EBM-2 as control. The proliferation of HDFs was examined by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)and the migration was assessed by scratch test assay. The apoptosis of HDFs was detected by flow cytometry. Results The cells isolated from human cord blood demonstrated typical characteristics of ECFCs. The cytokines antibody array indicated that ECFCs-CM contained large amounts of secreted cytokines such as PDGF-BBand EGF. Compared with the control group,the HDFs cultured with ECFCs-CM showed improved proliferation and migration ability. The number of apoptotic cells was smaller than that of the control group under the environment of serum starvation. Conclusion ECFCs-CM can promote the proliferation and migration of HDFs and inhibit the apoptosis of HDFs under the environment of serum starvation.

Objective:To study effects of neuroligin (NLG) on the proliferation and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.Methods:The SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro for 24 hours,and then transfected with NLG siRNA at dose of 50,100,200 μmol/L,respectively.MTT procedure was used to detect the cell proliferation,and expression levels of apoptosis gene including Bax or Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl were measured by RT-PCR.Results:Compared to control groups proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells were distinctly inhibited after NLG siRNA transfection accompany with a dose-dependent,which was caused by activation of apoptosis.Conclusions:NLG protect neuron by inhibiting apoptosis.

Objective To observe NLS-KALA-SA-PTX (NKSP) for lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 in vitro with paclitaxel monotherapy, and the mechanism thereof. Methods MTT assay was used to detect A549 cell proliferation influ-enced by different concentrations of NKSP (20, 40, 80, 100μg/L) and paclitaxel monotherapy (20, 40, 80, 100μg/L) for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h.. Subsequent experiments were divided into four groups, namely, group A (without any drug treatment), group B (added polypeptide 80μg/L of self-assembled nanoparticles, NKS), group C (80μg/L paclitaxel monotherapy) and group D (80μg/L NKSP). Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptotic rates after 48 h and 72 h treatment in four groups. Western blot assay was used to analyse the protein expressions of bax and caspase-3 after 48 h and 72 h treatment in four groups. Results Both paclitaxel monotherapy and NKSP can inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells. The inhibitory rates of paclitaxel monotherapy group at 48 h and 72 h and NKSP group at 72 h showed an increasing trend in a dose-depen-dent manner (P<0.05). After treatment for 48 hours, the apoptotic rate was significantly higher in D group than that of C group (P<0.05). But the apoptotic rate at 72 h was lower in D group than that of C group (P<0.05). The protein expressions of bax and caspase-3 at 48 h were significantl lower in D group than those of C group, which were higher at 72 h in D group than those of C group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared to paclitaxel monotherapy group, NKS promotes slow release of pa-clitaxol, which reduces the cytotoxicity and extends the antitumor effects.