Background Coal workers' pneumoconiosis is a serious occupational disease in China. Exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can serve as the "breath fingerprint" of internal pathological processes, which provides a theoretical basis for exhaled VOCs to be used as potential non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Objective To screen out the characteristic VOCs and important characteristic VOCs of exhaled air in patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis, and to explore the potential of these VOCs as biomarkers for early non-invasive diagnosis of the disease. Methods In this study, 27 VOCs in the exhaled breath of 22 patients with stage I coal workers' pneumoconiosis, 77 workers exposed to dust, and 92 healthy controls were quantitatively detected by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Substances with P<0.05 in univariate analysis and variable importance projection (VIP) >1 in supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model were selected as the characteristic VOCs for early diagnosis of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. Age was included in the LASSO regression model as a covariate to screen out important characteristic VOCs, and the diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Spearman correlation was further used to explore the correlation between important characteristic VOCs and clinical lung function indicators. Results Through univariate analysis and OPLS-DA modeling, 8 VOCs were selected, including 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, n-hexane, methylcyclopentane, n-heptane, methylcyclohexane, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, and 2-hexanone, in exhaled breath of patients with coal workers' pneumoconiosis. The concentrations of 4 VOCs, including 3-methylpentane, n-hexane, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, and 2-hexanone, showed a decreasing trend with the increase of dust exposure years. By LASSO regression, the important characteristic VOCs of the coal workers' pneumoconiosis group and the dust exposure group were n-hexane, methylcyclohexane and 4-methyl-2-pentanone, and the important characteristic VOCs of the coal workers' pneumoconiosis group and the healthy group were 2-methyl-pentane and 4-methyl-2-pentanone. The ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of n-hexane, methylcyclohexane, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone were 0.969, 0.909, and 0.956, respectively, and the AUC of combined diagnosis was 0.988 and its Youden index was 0.961, suggesting that these results can serve as a valuable reference for further research on early diagnosis. The Correlation analysis found that there was a positive correlation between n-hexane and lung function indicators in the important characteristic VOCs, indicating that it could indirectly reflect the obstruction of lung function ventilation, further proving that important characteristic VOCs have the potential to monitor lung function decline. Conclusion Three important characteristic VOCs selected in this study have the potential to be used as non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease monitoring of coal workers' pneumoconiosis, and are worthy of further study and verification.

Objective To develop high-immunogenicity antigens targeting the BA.5 variant of SARS-CoV-2 and to screen for monoclonal antibodies with high neutralizing and blocking activity,providing new strategies for the development of vaccines and diagnostic reagents.Methods The ZP protein gene fragment from zebrafish vitel-logenin and the HIS protein tag were inserted into the pCDNA3.4 plasmid to construct the recombinant plasmid pCDNA3.4-RBD(BA.5)-ZP-HIS,which was then transfected into 293F cells to express the RBD-ZP protein.The expression of the protein was verified by SDS-PAGE and its binding capabilities to ACE2 receptor molecules and aluminum adjuvant were detected.The immunogenicity of the fusion protein was evaluated using a BALB/c mouse model,and monoclonal antibodies were prepared through hybridoma technology.Monoclonal antibodies with strong neutralizing and blocking activity were screened and their neutralizing activity was detected by blocking ELISA.Results The ZP gene and HIS protein tag sequence were successfully inserted into the pCDNA3.4 vector and the RBD-ZP protein with a molecular weight of 50 kDa was successfully expressed.The immunogenicity test results showed that the ZP protein effectively enhanced the immunogenicity of the RBD protein and improved its binding capability to the ACE2 receptor.After immunizing mice with the RBD-ZP protein,8 monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to both the mutant and wild-type strains were cloned and screened through hybridoma technology,among which 3 could effectively block the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein to the human ACE2 receptor.Conclusion This study successfully expressed the RBD-ZP fusion protein,which significantly enhanced the immunogenicity and receptor binding capability of the RBD protein.Three monoclonal antibodies with high neutral-izing and blocking activity were screened out,providing strong support for the development of COVID-19 vaccines and diagnostic reagents..

Objective To evaluate the practical application of the Media Fill Test(MFT)in assessing aseptic compounding competency of personnel in Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services(PIVAS).Methods A multicenter controlled study was conducted across six tertiary hospitals(center ①-⑥)in China.Participants were divided into an inexperienced group(Group A,n=118)and an experienced group(Group B,n=118),each performing five MFT operations.Positive controls validated medium efficacy.Contamination rates and pass rates were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.Results Valid samples included 584 for Group A and 588 for Group B.The sample pass rate was 66.78%(390/584)in Group A and 91.67%(539/588)in Group B,while personnel pass rates were 46.15%(54/117)and 80.51%(95/118),respectively,with significant intergroup differences(both P<0.01).All centers except Center ⑥ showed significantly higher pass rates in Group B(all P<0.05).Conclusion MFT effectively differentiates technical proficiency levels and is suitable for training evaluation of novice PIVAS staff.

Objective To evaluate the practical application of the Media Fill Test(MFT)in assessing aseptic compounding competency of personnel in Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services(PIVAS).Methods A multicenter controlled study was conducted across six tertiary hospitals(center ①-⑥)in China.Participants were divided into an inexperienced group(Group A,n=118)and an experienced group(Group B,n=118),each performing five MFT operations.Positive controls validated medium efficacy.Contamination rates and pass rates were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.Results Valid samples included 584 for Group A and 588 for Group B.The sample pass rate was 66.78%(390/584)in Group A and 91.67%(539/588)in Group B,while personnel pass rates were 46.15%(54/117)and 80.51%(95/118),respectively,with significant intergroup differences(both P<0.01).All centers except Center ⑥ showed significantly higher pass rates in Group B(all P<0.05).Conclusion MFT effectively differentiates technical proficiency levels and is suitable for training evaluation of novice PIVAS staff.

Objective To develop high-immunogenicity antigens targeting the BA.5 variant of SARS-CoV-2 and to screen for monoclonal antibodies with high neutralizing and blocking activity,providing new strategies for the development of vaccines and diagnostic reagents.Methods The ZP protein gene fragment from zebrafish vitel-logenin and the HIS protein tag were inserted into the pCDNA3.4 plasmid to construct the recombinant plasmid pCDNA3.4-RBD(BA.5)-ZP-HIS,which was then transfected into 293F cells to express the RBD-ZP protein.The expression of the protein was verified by SDS-PAGE and its binding capabilities to ACE2 receptor molecules and aluminum adjuvant were detected.The immunogenicity of the fusion protein was evaluated using a BALB/c mouse model,and monoclonal antibodies were prepared through hybridoma technology.Monoclonal antibodies with strong neutralizing and blocking activity were screened and their neutralizing activity was detected by blocking ELISA.Results The ZP gene and HIS protein tag sequence were successfully inserted into the pCDNA3.4 vector and the RBD-ZP protein with a molecular weight of 50 kDa was successfully expressed.The immunogenicity test results showed that the ZP protein effectively enhanced the immunogenicity of the RBD protein and improved its binding capability to the ACE2 receptor.After immunizing mice with the RBD-ZP protein,8 monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to both the mutant and wild-type strains were cloned and screened through hybridoma technology,among which 3 could effectively block the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein to the human ACE2 receptor.Conclusion This study successfully expressed the RBD-ZP fusion protein,which significantly enhanced the immunogenicity and receptor binding capability of the RBD protein.Three monoclonal antibodies with high neutral-izing and blocking activity were screened out,providing strong support for the development of COVID-19 vaccines and diagnostic reagents..

With the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the requirement for quality control has increased.The quality marker(Q-marker)is an important standard in this field and has been implemented with remarkable success in recent years.However,the establishment of Q-markers remains fragmented and the process lacks systematicity,resulting in inconsistent quality control and insufficient correlation with clinical efficacy and safety of TCM.This review introduces four multi-modal integrated approaches that contribute to the discovery of more comprehensive and accurate Q-markers,thus aiding in the establishment of new quality control patterns based on the characteristics and principles of TCM.These include the whole-process quality control strategy,chemical-activity-based screening method,efficacy,safety,and consistent combination strategy,and TCM theory-guided approach.Furthermore,methodologies and representative examples of these strategies are described,and important future directions and questions in this field are also proposed.

Objective: To understand the epidemiologic features of the rabies in Xishuang banna prefecture of Yunnan province, China in 2008-2017 and the viral molecular-evolution characteristics. Methods: The data of rabies case questionnaire were collected. The brain tissue samples from mad dogs, suspicious sick dogs and human brain tissue, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid samples from rabies patients were collected in Xishuangbanna. Coding region of nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Homology and phylogenetic analysis were performed using the relevant bioinformatics software. Results: A total of 62 cases of human rabies were occurred in 28 districts of the 3 counties, Xishuangbanna prefecture in 2008-2017. Of them, 37 cases in Jinghong county, 15 in Menghai county and 10 in Mengla county. In which 48 cases were bitten by domestic dogs (77.42%), 11 cases were bitten by wild dogs (17.74%). Rabies case was occurred every year in the past decade. The seasonal incidence was not obvious. The majority of patients were aged from 30 to 59 years-old, with the youngest 1 year-old and the eldest 91 year-old. The male to female ratio was 1.70∶1, most cases were farmers. The nucleotide sequences of nucleoprotein gene of 9 virus strains (7 from Jinghong, 1 from Menghai and 1 from Mengla) were obtained from the samples of dogs and patients. Homology and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the 5 strains belonged to clade China-Ⅰ, 3 clade China-Ⅱ and 1 clade China-Ⅵ. The nucleotide sequences of glycoprotein gene of 5 virus strains (3 from Jinghong, 1 from Menghai and 1 from Mengla) were obtained from these positive samples, and all were clade China-Ⅰ, it is same with nucleoprotein genes analysis result from these 5 virus strains. These China-Ⅰ and China-Ⅱ strains from Xishuangbanna have a closer genetic relationship with same clade strains isolated from Pu’er and other prefectures of Yunnan province as well as Sichuan, Guizhou and Guangxi. The China-Ⅵ strain from Xishuangbanna share high homology and genetic relationship with China-Ⅵ strains isolated from southwestern Yunnan and neighbouring countries such as Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam in recent years. Conclusions In Xishuangbanna, rabies mainly occurred in rural area and domestic dog was the main source of transmission. These RABV clades China-Ⅰ, China-Ⅱ and China-Ⅵ were found in this region and the China-Ⅰ was principal clade. The transmission source of China-Ⅰ and China-Ⅱ were from adjacent areas in the province and China-Ⅵ was from Myanmar and Laos.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of decitabine combined with CAG regimen in treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ineligible for conventional chemotherapy. Methods The data of 20 cases with AML ineligible for conventional chemotherapy from January 2013 to May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Decitabine combined with CAG regimen was used during induction therapy. The primary induction regimen was used 26 times after remission, the standard 3+7 regimen were used 7 times, and intermediate-dose cytarabine were used 3 times. The total course of treatment included 2-8 cycles. Results All of the 20 patients completed the first cycle of induction therapy, including 11 cases of complete remission (CR), 5 cases of partial remission and no response in 4 cases, and the overall response rate (ORR) was 80 % (16/20). ORR was 69.2 % (9/13) and 100.0 % (7/7) in high-risk group and middle-low risk group respectively. ORR was 60.0%(6/10) in AML evolving from MDS. 8 patients were infected during the induction therapy and the infection rate was 40.0% (8/20). 2 patients were died of pulmonary infection. The median number of suspended red blood cell and platelet infused were (9.1±5.7) U and (57.5±51.9) U respectively. Neutrophil recovery time was (8.7±5.6) days during induction therapy. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year, and 12 cases were dead. Overall survival rate was 85.0%at 3 months, 80.0%at 6 months, and 40.0%at 1 year. While in 12 CR patients relapse-free survival rate was 75.0%at 3 months, 75.0%at 6 months,and 65.6%at 1 year respectively. Conclusion Decitabine combined with CAG regimen with high remission rate and well tolerance, can be used as a first therapy for AML ineligible for conventional chemotherapy.

The core protein (CP) of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is one of its structural proteins. Apart from forming the nucleocapsid to protect internal viral genomic RNA, this protein is involved in transcriptional regulation. Also, during viral infection, the CP is involved in interactions with many host proteins. In this review, we combine study of this protein with its disorders, structural/functional characteristics, as well as its interactions with the non-structural proteins NS3, NS5B and host proteins such as SUMO-1, UBC9, OS9 and IQGAP1. We also summarize the important part played by the CP in CSFV pathogenicity, virulence and replication of genomic RNA. We also provide guidelines for further studies in the CP of the CSFV.
Animals ; Classical Swine Fever ; virology ; Classical swine fever virus ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathogenicity ; Genome, Viral ; Swine ; Viral Core Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virulence

Objective To investigate the principal indicators of self-care ability in activities of daily living for the persons with physical disability. Methods Persons with physical disability were asked to select the top 3 items out of 27 items of activities of daily living in 3 levels. Results A total of 1960 questionnaires were send out, and 1862 were returned. For all the subjects, the items related with personal hygiene, such as toileting, self-cleaning and bathing, were selected 899 times (16.1%). The items related with personal health, as visiting community clinics and community exercising, were selected 570 times (10.2%). The items related with social interaction, as making a telephone and chatting, were selected 500 times (9.0%). For the persons with physical disability of first grade, the major items most selected were eating, entertaining, self-cleaning and transferring; and self-cleaning and housework for those of second grade; self-cleaning, community activities and housework for those of third grade; and community and interaction for those of fourth grade. Conclusion The persons with physical disability mostly focused on the activities related with personal hygiene, health and social interaction, and varied with the severity of disability, from self-cleaning to housework and social participation.