Epigenomic imbalance drives abnormal transcriptional processes,promoting the onset and progression of cancer.Although defective gene regulation generally affects carcinogenesis and tumor suppression networks,tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses may also be affected by epigenomic changes,which may have significant implications for the development and application of epigenetic therapy,cancer immunotherapy,and their combinations.Herein,we focus on the impact of epigenetic regulation on tumor immune cell function and the role of key abnormal epigenetic processes,DNA methylation,histone post-translational modification,and chromatin structure in tumor immunogenicity,and introduce these epigenetic research methods.We emphasize the value of small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic modulators in enhancing antitumor immune responses and discuss the challenges of developing treatment plans that combine epigenetic therapy and immuno-therapy through the complex interaction between cancer epigenetics and cancer immunology.

Objective To explore the effect of pregabalin on sleep of patients after video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS).Methods 120 cases of patients undergoing VATS under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 75 mg pregabalin group(group A),150 mg pregabalin group(group B),and placebo group(group C),with 40 patients in each group.On the night of the operation,the morning and evening of the first day and the second day after the operation,the patients in the three groups were given one tablet of pregabalin(75 mg),one tablet of placebo with the same shape and smell,two tablets of pregabalin(150 mg)and two tablets of placebo with the same shape and smell respectively.Athens insomnia scale(AIS)was used to evaluate the incidence of postoperative sleep disturbance(PSD)on the night of operation,and the patients'sleep quality every night from one night before operation to the 2nd day after operation was assessed using the St.Mary's Hospital sleep questionaire(SMH).Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)was used to evaluate the patients'sleep quality one day before the operation,7 days after operation,and 1 month after the operation.The digital rating scale(NRS)was used to evaluate the patients'pain at the incision and the surgical side.The remedial analgesia,incidence of adverse events in the 72 h postoperative period,and patient satisfaction score were recorded.Results The incidence of PSD in group A,group B and group C was 45.0％,42.5％and 72.5％,respectively,the incidence of group A and group B was significantly lower than in group C(group A,B and C compared in pairs,P＜0.016 7).The SMH scores in group A and group B were significantly higher than in group C on the day of operation,the first day and the second day after operation(group A,B and C compared in pairs,P＜0.016 7).The incidence of NRS scores in groups A and B at the incision and postoperative remedial analgesia was significantly lower than in group C on postoperative day 1 and postoperative day 2(group A,B and C compared in pairs,P＜0.016 7).There was no statistically significant difference in the pain scores at the incision and shoulder among the three groups at the remaining time points.The postoperative patient satisfaction scores were significantly higher in group A and group B than in group C(P＜0.01).The incidence of dizziness in group B was significantly higher than in the other two groups(P＜0.016 7).Conclusion Oral administration of pregabalin(75 mg/150 mg)for 3 days after VATS can reduce the incidence of PSD and improve the quality of sleep that night,but oral administration of 150 mg pregabalin may increase the incidence of dizziness.

Objective:To analyze the current status of anesthesiology research in the world and China in 2023 and to identify the anesthesiology research hotspots using bibliometrics.Methods:The literature related to anesthesiology published in PubMed in 2023 was searched, and the country and author of the literature, as well as the key words of the literature were visually analyzed by using the software CiteSpace6.2. R4.Results:A total of 22 473 articles were included, the country with the largest number of publications was the United States, and China ranked second. The author with the highest number of publications in the field of anesthesiology in the worldwide in 2023 was Kaye Alan D from the United States. Chronic pain, general anesthesia and pain management were the research hotspots in the field of anesthesiology worldwide in 2023. The research hotspots in the field of anesthesiology in China focused on general anesthesia, oxidative stress and neuropathic pain.Conclusions:The United States is the leader in the research in the field of anesthesiology, with China following behind. The keywords of the literature in the field of anesthesiology between China and the world are roughly the same, reflecting the convergence of Chinese scientific research with global scientific research. Domestic anaesthesia practitioners can refer to or learn from the research hotspots of related countries and strengthen communication and cooperation between teams while conducting academic research.

Microglial surveillance plays an essential role in clearing misfolded proteins such as amyloid-beta, tau, and α-synuclein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. However, due to the complex structure and ambiguous pathogenic species of the misfolded proteins, a universal approach to remove the misfolded proteins remains unavailable. Here, we found that a polyphenol, α-mangostin, reprogrammed metabolism in the disease-associated microglia through shifting glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, which holistically rejuvenated microglial surveillance capacity to enhance microglial phagocytosis and autophagy-mediated degradation of multiple misfolded proteins. Nanoformulation of α-mangostin efficiently delivered α-mangostin to microglia, relieved the reactive status and rejuvenated the misfolded-proteins clearance capacity of microglia, which thus impressively relieved the neuropathological changes in both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease model mice. These findings provide direct evidences for the concept of rejuvenating microglial surveillance of multiple misfolded proteins through metabolic reprogramming, and demonstrate nanoformulated α-mangostin as a potential and universal therapy against neurodegenerative diseases.

Hip fractures are among the most common fractures in the elderly, presenting to be a leading cause of disability and mortality. Surgical treatment is currently the main treatment method for hip fractures. The incidence of perioperative malnutrition is increased after hip fractures in the elderly due to the comorbidities, decreased basal metabolic rate, accelerated protein breakdown, weakened anabolism and surgical stress. However, malnutrition not only increases the incidence of postoperative complications, but also leads to increased mortality, indicating an important role of perioperative nursing management of nutrition for the elderly patients with hip fractures. At present, there still lacks scientific guidance and application standards on perioperative nursing management of nutrition for the elderly patients with hip fractures. Therefore, the Orthopedic Nursing Committee of Chinese Nursing Association and the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Expert consensus on perioperative nursing management of nutrition for elderly patients with hip fractures ( version 2023) according to evidence-based medical evidences and their clinical experiences. Fourteen recommendations were made from aspects of nutrition screening, nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention and nutrition monitoring to provide guidance for perioperative nursing management of nutrition in elderly patients with hip fractures.

Objective:To analyze clinical characteristics and genetic characteristics of children with ATP sensitive potassium passage (K ATP-HI). Methods:Forty-five children with genetically confirmed K ATP-HI and their families admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital of Capital Medical University between February 2002 and December 2018 were selected as the study subjects. A detailed retrospective analysis of the patient's clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment process, disease-causing gene carrying status and later follow-up data was performed. ABCC8/KCNJ11 gene was sequenced by second-generation sequencing technology. Results:Among 45 children with K ATP-HI, 34 cases (75.6%) were neonatal onset, the first symptoms of 21 cases (46.7%) were convulsions. 39 cases had been treated with diazoxide, including 12 cases (30.8%) with good efficacy, 16 cases (41%) with poor efficacy and 11 cases with uncertain efficacy. Octreotide was further applied in 18 patients with uncertain or ineffective efficacy after diazoxide treatment, and 13 cases (72.2%) were effective, 3 cases were ineffective, and 2 cases were uncertain. 10 CHI patients who were ineffective to drug treatment or had clearly focal lesions confirmed by 18F-dopa positron emission by computed tomography ( 18F-DOPA PET) scans had undergone surgical treatment, 8 of which underwent partial pancreatectomy and blood glucose returned to normal after the operation; the other 2 cases underwent subtotal pancreatectomy and both had secondary diabetes after operation. Among 45 children with K ATP-HI, 1 case carried both ABCC8 and KCNJ11 mutations, 10 cases carried ABCC8 compound heterozygous mutations, and the remaining 34 cases carried ABCC8/KCNJ11 single genetic mutation. Among them, 21 cases had paternal inheritance, and 3 cases had maternal inheritance, 6 cases were identified with de novo mutations. Conclusions:Diazoxide treatment was ineffective for most K ATP-HI children, but octreotide had a higher effective rate. Partial pancreatectomy for focal type patients had a higher cure rate, and there was a risk of secondary diabetes after subproximal pancreatectomy, so it was very important to clarify the histological type of children before surgery. ABCC8 gene mutations and KCNJ11 gene mutations were the main pathogenic genes of K ATP-HI. Among patients carrying mutations in single ABCC8 or KCNJ11 gene mutation, K ATP-HI inherited by paternity were the majority. Some K ATP-HI children can relieve the hypoglycemia symptoms by themselves.

Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) has been successfully applied to the over-expression of various proteins, thus providing sufficient materials for vaccine research. Compared to other systems, BEVS has many advantages: baculovirus solely being parasitic in invertebrates, the resultant products conferring high safety to mammalian, high expression level of recombinant proteins, preferable folding for eukaryotic protein, proper post-translational modification required for biological function, suitable for multiple genes co-expression and large-scale production with serum-free culture media. To better understand the advantages and prospective of BEVS for the vaccine research, this article will review the development of BEVS and its application on vaccine research.
Animals ; Baculoviridae ; Genetic Vectors ; Prospective Studies ; Recombinant Proteins ; Vaccines

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of matrine on the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explore the possible molecular mechanism. METHODS: Cultured human NSCLC A549 cells were treated with 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 g/L matrine for 24, 48 or 72 h. CCK-8 assay was used for measuring the changes in A549 cell viability. The morphological changes of the cells were observed under a fluorescence microscope, and flow cytometry was employed for analyzing the cell apoptosis. The effects of matrine and the PI3K specific inhibitor LY294002 (10 nmol/L) on AKT pathway and autophagy-related proteins in A549 cells were investigated using Western blotting. RESULTS: Matrine significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner ( < 0.05). At the concentration of 1.6 g/L or higher, matrine caused obvious cell shrinkage and fragmentation and significantly increased floating cells; autophagy vacuoles could be observed in the cells after acridine orange staining. Within the concentrations range of 0.8-1.6 g/L, matrine time- and dosedependently increased the cell apoptosis. Treatment of the cells with 1.6 g/L matrine and 10 nmol/L LY294002 resulted in significantly lowered expressions of p-AKT and p-mTOR proteins and increased the expression of light chain 3B (LC 3B), an autophagy-related protein, as compared with those in the control cells ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that matrine inhibits the proliferation and induces autophagy and apoptosis of A549 cells by deactivating AKT pathway, suggesting the potential of matrine as an anti-cancer agent for lung cancer.
Alkaloids ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Quinolizines ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

Jingui Yaolue is a part ofTreatise on Cold-Attack and Miscellaneous Diseases. Because of the archaic words, students lost the interest on it. So it became the questions that how to make students interested in learning theJingui Yaolue and to make traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) classical guide clinical treatment. Thus, a try has been made to teach the TCM classic in the clinical practice apprentice setting rather than the classrooms. Here, some experiences about apprentice teaching in clinical practice of Jingui Yaolue were shared.

Objective To establish an efficient baculovirus-insect cell expression system for the production of human immunodeficiency virus-1 ( HIV-1 ) envelope glycoprotein gp120 and to evaluate the physiochemical properties, antigenicity and immunogenicity of the recombinant protein. Methods The gene encoding HIV-1 NL4-3 gp120 was cloned into the downstream of pH promoter of the baculovirus transfer vec-tor pAcgp67B to construct the recombinant transfer vector pAc-gp120. Expression of the protein of interest was induced in baculovirus-infected High FiveTM insect cells. ELISA, analytical ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography were carried out to characterize physicochemical properties of the expressed gp120 protein. Immunogenicity of the recombinant gp120 protein was analyzed by HIV neutralization assay after im-munizing BALB/c mice with it. Results The recombinant HIV-1 gp120 protein was successfully obtained from the established insect cell expression system with a purity of more than 90％ and a mean yield of 13 mg/L in four batches. That recombinant HIV-1 gp120 protein was characterized by homogeneity in solution and possessed a good immunoreactivity to neutralizing antibodies and antisera against HIV. Immunogenicity analysis in BALB/c mice demonstrated that the recombinant gp120 protein could induce effective immune re-sponses against HIV-1 NL4-3. Conclusion A simple and scalable approach to obtain homogeneous and im-munogenic HIV-1 gp120 antigen is successfully established, which will promote further investigation of HIV vaccine candidates.