Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common chronic urinary disease in middle-aged and older men, yet the impact of long-term exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on its pathogenesis remains unclear. Objective To investigate the association between PM exposure and the risk of incident BPH in middle-aged and older men. Methods Based on four waves of follow-up data (2011–2018) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), 4766 participants were enrolled. Robust Poisson regression models were employed to assess the association between exposure to PM (PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀) and the risk of incident BPH. Relative risks (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Dose-response relationships were fitted using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential effect modifications, and multiple imputation was used to handle missing data. Results Over a mean follow-up of 6 years, 914 incident BPH cases were identified among the4766 participants (cumulative incidence: 19.18%). After adjusting for confounders, each 10 μg·m⁻³ increase in PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ concentrations was associated with a 13.1% (RR=1.131, 95%CI: 1.063, 1.203), 8.5% (RR=1.085, 95%CI: 1.050, 1.122), and 5.1% (RR=1.051, 95%CI: 1.034, 1.069) increased risk of BPH, respectively. RCS analysis showed that no nonlinear relationship was found between PM₁ and PM_2.5 and the risk of BPH (P>0.05); however, a nonlinear association was observed for PM₁₀ (P=0.03), with the risk increment slowing beyond 100 μg·m⁻³. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. Conclusion Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter may be associated with an increased risk of incident BPH in middle-aged and older men.

Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common chronic urinary disease in middle-aged and older men, yet the impact of long-term exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on its pathogenesis remains unclear. Objective To investigate the association between PM exposure and the risk of incident BPH in middle-aged and older men. Methods Based on four waves of follow-up data (2011–2018) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), 4766 participants were enrolled. Robust Poisson regression models were employed to assess the association between exposure to PM (PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀) and the risk of incident BPH. Relative risks (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. Dose-response relationships were fitted using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential effect modifications, and multiple imputation was used to handle missing data. Results Over a mean follow-up of 6 years, 914 incident BPH cases were identified among the4766 participants (cumulative incidence: 19.18%). After adjusting for confounders, each 10 μg·m⁻³ increase in PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ concentrations was associated with a 13.1% (RR=1.131, 95%CI: 1.063, 1.203), 8.5% (RR=1.085, 95%CI: 1.050, 1.122), and 5.1% (RR=1.051, 95%CI: 1.034, 1.069) increased risk of BPH, respectively. RCS analysis showed that no nonlinear relationship was found between PM₁ and PM_2.5 and the risk of BPH (P>0.05); however, a nonlinear association was observed for PM₁₀ (P=0.03), with the risk increment slowing beyond 100 μg·m⁻³. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. Conclusion Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter may be associated with an increased risk of incident BPH in middle-aged and older men.

Objective To investigate the effect of N-myc downstream regulated gene 1(NDRG1)on ferroptosis in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells(BMVEC)induced by oxygen-glu-cose deprivation(OGD).Methods After primary BMVEC were isolated and cultured from mice,electron microscopy was used to observe the mitochondrial morphology of the cells after OGD.bEnd.3 cells were cultured and divided into six groups:control group,model group(OGD),si-NC(negative control)group,si-NDRG1(NDRG1 interference RNA)group,OGD+si-NC(negative control modeling)group,and OGD+si-NDRG1(NDRG1 interference)group(n=3).The model group,OGD+si-NC group,and OGD+si-NDRG1 group were subjected to the OGD model.Si-NC transfection was performed in the si-NC and OGD+si-NC groups,while si-NDRG1 transfection was carried out in the si-NDRG1 and OGD+si-NDRG1 groups.Cell viability,MDA,glutathione,Fe2+,lipid peroxidation levels,and protein levels of NDRG1,glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4)were detected in each group.Results Compared with the control group,the model group showed a significant reduction in the number of cells adhering to the surface after OGD treatment,swollen cytoplasm and decrease in cell viability[(37.68±2.43)％vs(96.34±12.08)％,P＜0.05],down-regulation of GPX4 and up-regulation of ACSL4 and NDRG1 expression(0.78±0.02 vs 1.15±0.01,P＜0.01;1.45±0.04 vs 0.78±0.12,P＜0.01;1.22±0.01 vs 0.13±0.01,P＜0.01).In the si-NDRG1 group,the protein levels of GPX4 and NDRG1 were significantly lower,while the protein levels of ACSL4 and gluta-thione were significantly higher than the si-NC group(P＜0.05).The OGD+si-NC group showed significantly lower GPX4 expression and glutathione level,while obviously higher NDRG1,ACSL4 expression,MDA,and relative fluorescence intensities of Fe2+and oxidized lipid levels when compared to the si-NC and si-NDRG1 groups(P＜0.05).The OGD+si-NDRG1 group showed significantly lower GPX4 expression and glutathione level,and higher ACSL4 and relative fluorescence intensity of Fe2+than the si-NC group and the si-NDRG1 group,while lower NDRG1 expression than the si-NC group but higher than the si-NDRG1 group,and lower NDRG1,ACSL4,MDA,and relative fluorescence intensities of Fe2+and oxidized lipids when compared with the OGD+si-NC group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Knockdown of NDRG1 can alleviate OGD-induced ferroptosis in microvascular endothelial cells by improving iron metabolism and lipid per-oxidation.

Objective:To investigate the role and underlying mechanism of parthanatos death in neonatal SD rats with bilirubin encephalopathy(BE).Methods:Eighty 3-day-old neonatal SD rats were selected and randomly divided into control group and BE group.The BE model was established by intraperitoneal injection of bilirubin solution,and the pathological changes in the hippocampus were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and Nissl staining.The protein expressions of the phosphorylation of the core histone protein H2AX(termed gamma H2AX),poly ADP-ribose polymerasw-1(PARP-1)and apoptosis-inducing factor(AIF)in hippocampus were detected by Western blot.Immuno-fluorescence staining was used to detect the expression and distribution of AIF in hippocampus.Results:Compared with the control group,neonatal SD rats developed jaundice 12 hours after bilirubin injection,accompanied by slow weight gain.HE staining and Nissl staining showed that the hippocampus in BE group were damaged and the content of Nissl bodies was decreased.Western blot results showed that the expression of γ-H2AX protein in hippocampus began to increase at 72 h after modeling(P＜0.05),and the levels of PARP-1 and AIF protein in hippocampus increased signif-icantly at 72 h after modeling(P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence staining showed increased AIF expression and nuclear translocation.Conclusion:Intraperitoneal injection of bilirubin can induce DNA damage in hippocampal neurons of neonatal SD rats and activate the PARP-1/AIF pathway to cause parthanatos death of hippocampal neurons.

Objective:To investigate the role and underlying mechanism of parthanatos death in neonatal SD rats with bilirubin encephalopathy(BE).Methods:Eighty 3-day-old neonatal SD rats were selected and randomly divided into control group and BE group.The BE model was established by intraperitoneal injection of bilirubin solution,and the pathological changes in the hippocampus were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and Nissl staining.The protein expressions of the phosphorylation of the core histone protein H2AX(termed gamma H2AX),poly ADP-ribose polymerasw-1(PARP-1)and apoptosis-inducing factor(AIF)in hippocampus were detected by Western blot.Immuno-fluorescence staining was used to detect the expression and distribution of AIF in hippocampus.Results:Compared with the control group,neonatal SD rats developed jaundice 12 hours after bilirubin injection,accompanied by slow weight gain.HE staining and Nissl staining showed that the hippocampus in BE group were damaged and the content of Nissl bodies was decreased.Western blot results showed that the expression of γ-H2AX protein in hippocampus began to increase at 72 h after modeling(P＜0.05),and the levels of PARP-1 and AIF protein in hippocampus increased signif-icantly at 72 h after modeling(P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence staining showed increased AIF expression and nuclear translocation.Conclusion:Intraperitoneal injection of bilirubin can induce DNA damage in hippocampal neurons of neonatal SD rats and activate the PARP-1/AIF pathway to cause parthanatos death of hippocampal neurons.

Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients attending a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Beijing and to pinpoint the key demographics for anti-HCV screening.Methods:A comprehensive retrospective analysis was undertaken, examining data from 631 424 patients who underwent anti-HCV testing between 2017 and 2023. Testing for anti-HCV was conducted using the Abbott i2000 fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassay analyzer. HCV nucleic acid testing was performed with the Roche Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan 96 fluorescent quantitative PCR system, while HCV genotyping was achieved through sequencing.Results:The positive rate of HCV antibodies demonstrated a gradual decline over the years, decreasing from 1.62% in 2017 to 1.01% in 2023. The overall positive rate stood at 1.36% (8 574/631 424), with a nucleic acid testing rate of 59.24% (5 079/8 574) and a nucleic acid positive rate of 34.28% (1 741/5 079). The majority of anti-HCV positive patients came from the department of hepatology (12.17%), followed by hepatobiliary surgery (3.03%), emergency medicine (1.68%), cardiovascular medicine (1.24%) and ophthalmology clinic (1.23%). Notably, the anti-HCV positive rate was significantly elevated in the ≥40 years old group compared to the <40 years old group, with statistical significance ( χ2=1 892.577, P=0.000). The highest anti-HCV positive rates were observed within the 60-69- and 80-99-years old brackets (both at 1.85%), while the peak HCV RNA positive rate was recorded in the 50-59 years old group (27.08%). Females exhibited a significantly higher positive rate (18.53%) than males (15.75%) ( χ2=8.066, P<0.01). When anti-HCV levels surpassed 9 S/CO, the HCV RNA positive rate was notably high, exceeding 38.97%. Intriguingly, at antibody levels ranging from 15 to 16 S/CO, the HCV RNA positive rate climbed to a maximum of 56.17%. Conclusions:This study has successfully identified the key populations for anti-HCV screening: Patients aged over 40, particularly female patients within the 50-69 age bracket; Patients in hepatology, hepatobiliary surgery, emergency medicine, cardiovascular medicine and ophthalmology departments.

Objective: To examine the mediating effect of resilience on AIDS-related stress and patient-reported outcome among elderly cases with HIV/AIDS, so as to provide the basis for promoting mental health and improving health outcomes of this population. Methods: From June to July 2024, elderly cases with HIV/AIDS receiving treatment in the infectious diseases department of a tertiary-level hospital in Sichuan Province and undergoing follow-up management at 12 community health service centers in Wuhou District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, were selected as study participants using convenience sampling method. Data on demographic information, duration since confirmed diagnosis and the most recent CD4+T lymphocyte count were collected through questionnaire surveys. The Chinese versions of the HIV/AIDS Stress Scale, the Chinese versions of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Patient-Reported Outcome Scale for Elderly HIV/AIDS Patients were used to assess AIDS-related stress, resilience, and patient-reported outcome, respectively. Structural equation modeling was performed using Mplus 8.3 software to analyze the mediating effect of resilience on AIDS-related stress and patient-reported outcome. The Bootstrap method was employed to test the significance of the mediating effect. Results: A total of 424 elderly HIV/AIDS cases were included, with a mean age of (62.04±8.73) years. Among them, 315 (74.29%) were males and 109 (25.71%) were females. The median scores were 23.00 (interquartile range, 11.00) points for AIDS-related stress, 30.00 (interquartile range, 7.00) points for resilience, and 363.45 (interquartile range, 53.03) points for the total score of patient-reported outcome. Resultsof the mediation effect analysis revealed that AIDS-related stress had a direct negative effect on patient-reported outcome (β=-0.608, 95%CI: -0.742 to -0.465). It also exerted an indirect negative effect on patient-reported outcome through the mediating role of resilience (β=-0.258, 95%CI: -0.364 to -0.158), with the mediating effect accounting for 29.79% of the total effect. Conclusion AIDS-related stress among elderly cases with HIV/AIDS can directly or indirectly negatively affect patient-reported outcome through resilience.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of thigh muscles segmentation in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) using the TransUNet deep learning model on MRI.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. From April 2023 to September 2024, the axial T 1WI imagings of 60 DMD patients, confirmed by genetic analysis at Northwest Women′s and Children′s Hospital, were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into a training set ( n=48) and a test set ( n=12) at a ratio of 8∶2 using random sampling. Fat infiltration scores were assigned to 11 thigh muscles, including the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, sartorius, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris long head. A total of 1 078 images were included (884 for training, 194 for testing).The 12 DMD patients in the test set were divided into groups G1 to G4, with 2, 4, 2, and 4 cases respectively, according to the total score of muscle fat infiltration from low to high. A TransUNet model was trained on the T 1WI to perform automatic segmentation of the 11 thigh muscles in both thighs. The segmentation performance of the TransUNet automatic segmentation model was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), intersection over union (IoU), and average symmetric surface distance (ASSD), with the results of manual delineation by physicians as the gold standard. And one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the segmentation effects of the automatic segmentation model on the thigh muscles of children among G1 to G4. Results:The mean processing time for the automatic segmentation of all 11 muscles in both thighs per patient was (8.3±1.5) s. The DSC, IoU and ASSD in training set and in test set were 0.971±0.011, 0.948±0.019, 0.69 (0.55, 0.96) and 0.944±0.021, 0.900±0.038, 0.58 (0.55, 0.91), respectively. In the training set, the semitendinosus muscle achieved the best segmentation results (DSC 0.99, IoU 0.97, ASSD 0.52). In the test set, the sartorius muscle showed the best segmentation performance (DSC 0.96, IoU 0.93, ASSD 0.50). There were no statistically significant differences in the overall DSC, IoU, or ASSD of the automatic segmentation model across groups G1 to G4 ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The TransUNet automatic segmentation model can rapidly and accurately segment the bilateral thigh muscles in patients with DMD, and the segmentation performance demonstrated consistent among patients with different degrees of muscle fat infiltration.

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, shows great promise in treating methamphetamine (METH) addiction. Nonetheless, the molecular target and the mechanism through which CBD treats METH addiction remain unexplored. Herein, CBD was shown to counteract METH-induced locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference. Additionally, CBD mitigated the adverse effects of METH, such as cristae loss, a decline in ATP content, and a reduction in membrane potential. Employing an activity-based protein profiling approach, a target fishing strategy was used to uncover CBD's direct target. ATP5A1, a subunit of ATP synthase, was identified and validated as a CBD target. Moreover, CBD demonstrated the ability to ameliorate METH-induced ubiquitination of ATP5A1 via the D376 residue, thereby reversing the METH-induced reduction of ATP5A1 and promoting the assembly of ATP synthase. Pharmacological inhibition of the ATP efflux channel pannexin 1, blockade of ATP hydrolysis by a CD39 inhibitor, and blocking the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) all attenuated the therapeutic benefits of CBD in mitigating METH-induced behavioral sensitization and CPP. Moreover, the RNA interference of ATP5A1 in the ventral tegmental area resulted in the reversal of CBD's therapeutic efficacy against METH addiction. Collectively, these data show that ATP5A1 is a target for CBD to inhibit METH-induced addiction behaviors through the ADO-A1R signaling pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients attending a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Beijing and to pinpoint the key demographics for anti-HCV screening.Methods:A comprehensive retrospective analysis was undertaken, examining data from 631 424 patients who underwent anti-HCV testing between 2017 and 2023. Testing for anti-HCV was conducted using the Abbott i2000 fully automated chemiluminescent immunoassay analyzer. HCV nucleic acid testing was performed with the Roche Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan 96 fluorescent quantitative PCR system, while HCV genotyping was achieved through sequencing.Results:The positive rate of HCV antibodies demonstrated a gradual decline over the years, decreasing from 1.62% in 2017 to 1.01% in 2023. The overall positive rate stood at 1.36% (8 574/631 424), with a nucleic acid testing rate of 59.24% (5 079/8 574) and a nucleic acid positive rate of 34.28% (1 741/5 079). The majority of anti-HCV positive patients came from the department of hepatology (12.17%), followed by hepatobiliary surgery (3.03%), emergency medicine (1.68%), cardiovascular medicine (1.24%) and ophthalmology clinic (1.23%). Notably, the anti-HCV positive rate was significantly elevated in the ≥40 years old group compared to the <40 years old group, with statistical significance ( χ2=1 892.577, P=0.000). The highest anti-HCV positive rates were observed within the 60-69- and 80-99-years old brackets (both at 1.85%), while the peak HCV RNA positive rate was recorded in the 50-59 years old group (27.08%). Females exhibited a significantly higher positive rate (18.53%) than males (15.75%) ( χ2=8.066, P<0.01). When anti-HCV levels surpassed 9 S/CO, the HCV RNA positive rate was notably high, exceeding 38.97%. Intriguingly, at antibody levels ranging from 15 to 16 S/CO, the HCV RNA positive rate climbed to a maximum of 56.17%. Conclusions:This study has successfully identified the key populations for anti-HCV screening: Patients aged over 40, particularly female patients within the 50-69 age bracket; Patients in hepatology, hepatobiliary surgery, emergency medicine, cardiovascular medicine and ophthalmology departments.