Objective:To explore the characteristics of social skills and problem behaviors of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as the association with core symptoms.Methods:A total of 409 patients aged 5-18 years old with ASD or ADHD in the outpatient department of Nanjing Brain Hospital from 2023 to 2024, and 344 children and adolescents with typical development(TD) were recruited.All participants were matched in a ratio of 1∶1∶1 (ASD∶ADHD∶TD) according to gender and age, and 97 participants were included in each group for analysis.The Chinese version of the social skills improvement system rating scales(SSIS-RS-C) was used to evaluate social skills and problem behaviors, and autistic child behavior checklist(ABC), childhood autism rating scale(CARS), the Chinese version of the social communication questionnaire(SCQ) and the Chinese version of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version Ⅳ scale-parent form(SNAP-Ⅳ) were used to evaluate the core symptoms of ASD and ADHD, respectively. SPSS 26.0 software was used to perform variance, Chi-square test, Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results:The social skills score of ASD group was lower than ADHD group ((61.53±24.26) vs (80.89±15.19), P<0.05), while the problem behavior score of ASD group was higher than ADHD group ((38.82±11.92) vs (34.00±12.45), P<0.05). In ASD group, the scores of ABC, CARS and SCQ were negatively correlated with the score of social skills ( r=-0.26--0.55, P<0.05). In ADHD group, the total score and each subscale of SNAP-Ⅳ were positively correlated with the score of problem behavior ( r=0.25-0.65, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that empathy was a negative influencing factor of ASD ( B=-0.246, OR=0.782, P<0.05), and hyperactivity/inattention was a positive influencing factor of ASD ( B=0.589, OR=1.802, P<0.01), while only hyperactivity/inattention was a positive influencing factor of ADHD( B=0.779, OR=2.180, P<0.01). Conclusion:Children and adolescents with ASD and ADHD both have defects in social skills and problem behaviors, and these defects are associated with the core characteristics of their respective diseases.

Objective To explore the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome elements in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF)and their correlation with long-term prognosis,thus to provide an objective basis for clinical treatment of CHF.Methods From January 2006 to July 2014,a retrospective analysis was carried out in 546 patients diagnosed as CHF in the Cardiology Department of Guang'anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.TCM syndrome elements of the patents were determined based on the data collected by four diagnostic methods.Patients were followed up for a maximum of 1 330 days,and long-term prognosis was recorded.With the patient's death as the endpoint event,and the patients were divided into a survival group(291 cases)and a death group(255 cases)according to the endpoint event.The distribution of TCM syndrome elements in the two groups was observed,and differences in the combination patterns of TCM syndrome elements were compared.After that,the correlation between long-term prognosis and TCM syndrome elements in CHF patients was analyzed.Results(1)The age of patients in the death group was greater and serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)level was higher than that in the survival group,the differences being statistically significant(P＜0.01).In terms of New York Heart Association(NYHA)functional classification,the patients of death group had low proportion of heart function level Ⅲ while high proportion of heart function level Ⅳ in comparison with the patients of survival group,the differences being statistically significant(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Statistically significant differences were presented in the cardiac ultrasound indicators of left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),and right ventricular end-diastolic diameter(RVEDD)between the two groups(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),while left atrial diameter(LA)showed no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).In terms of underlying diseases,the proportion of coronary heart disease in the death group(87.45%)was higher than that in the survival group(80.76%),with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).No significant differences were presented in other underlying diseases(P＞0.05).(2)The death group had more cases of qi deficiency and yin deficiency syndrome elements while less cases of qi stagnation syndrome element than the survival group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The death group had higher proportions of syndrome element combinations such as qi deficiency and yin deficiency with blood stasis,yang deficiency and blood stasis with phlegm-heat,qi deficiency and yin deficiency with phlegm-heat,and yang deficiency and blood stasis with phlegm turbidity than the survival group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion CHF has the prognosis of developing into yin deficiency or yang deficiency.The death group has higher proportions of qi deficiency and yin deficiency with blood stasis syndrome,and yang deficiency and blood stasis with phlegm turbidity syndrome than the survival group,indicating that there is a poor prognosis,and more attention and early intervention should be done to avoid adverse events.

Objective To investigate the distribution patterns of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF)complicated with chronic kidney disease(CKD),and to explore the correlation between TCM syndrome types and physicochemical indicators as well as the prognosis.Methods A total of 217 patients with CHF and CKD hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology,Guang'anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences between January 2006 and March 2014 were included.Data from the four-examination methods of TCM were collected to determine TCM syndrome types.General information and physicochemical indicators of the patients were also recorded.SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used to analyze the distribution characteristics of TCM syndrome types and their relationships with general information,physicochemical indicators,and the prognosis.Results(1)Among the 217 patients,114 were male and 103 were female,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.11∶1,indicating similar incidence between genders.(2)The distribution of TCM syndrome types in descending order was as follows:yang deficiency with phlegm-stasis syndrome(23.04％),yin deficiency with phlegm-stasis syndrome(22.12％),blood stasis and phlegm turbidity syndrome(21.20％),qi and yin deficiency syndrome(17.51％),and qi deficiency with blood stasis syndrome(16.13％).(3)Regarding age,the blood stasis and phlegm turbidity syndrome group was the youngest,while the qi and yin deficiency syndrome group and the yin deficiency with phlegm-stasis syndrome group were relatively old.The differences between the blood stasis and phlegm turbidity syndrome group and the other two groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).In terms of disease duration,the blood stasis and phlegm turbidity syndrome group had a shorter course than the yang deficiency with phlegm-stasis syndrome group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.01).Regarding mortality,the blood stasis and phlegm turbidity syndrome group had a lower mortality rate compared to the qi and yin deficiency syndrome,yin deficiency with phlegm-stasis syndrome,and yang deficiency with phlegm-stasis syndrome groups,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.01).(4)The N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)level in the qi and yin deficiency syndrome group was higher than that in the blood stasis and phlegm turbidity syndrome group.The estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR-EPI)level in the yin deficiency with phlegm-stasis syndrome,yang deficiency with phlegm-stasis syndrome,and qi and yin deficiency syndrome groups was higher than that in the blood stasis and phlegm turbidity syndrome group.The very low-density lipoprotein(VLDL)level in the yin deficiency with phlegm-stasis syndrome and yang deficiency with phlegm-stasis syndrome groups was higher than that in the qi and yin deficiency syndrome group.The blood chloride(Cl-)level in the qi and yin deficiency syndrome group was lower than that in the yin deficiency with phlegm-stasis syndrome group.All these differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Additionally,no statistically significant differences were observed among different syndrome types in terms of gender,time of death,platelet count(PLT),white blood cell count(WBC),red blood cell count(RBC),hemoglobin(Hb),C-reactive protein(CRP),uric acid(UA),blood potassium(K+),blood sodium(Na+),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),direct bilirubin(DBIL),indirect bilirubin(IBIL),ejection fraction(EF),fractional shortening(FS),serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and New York Heart Association(NYHA)functional classification(P＞0.05).Conclusion In clinical assessment of patients with CHF and CKD,it is essential to focus on the transition between deficiency and excess syndromes and to emphasize the intervention for the underlying deficiency.Efforts should be made to delay disease progression,prolong the timeline of transformation from excess to deficiency,and extend survival.Furthermore,the phlegm-stasis concretion is the core pathogenesis in these patients.Based on the TCM theory of the spleen being the source of phlegm production,interventions for mixed deficiency-excess syndromes should not only eliminate pathogenic factors but also reinforce spleen qi.Concurrently,attention should be paid to accompanying symptoms such as blood stasis and qi deficiency.By addressing the root cause and cutting off the source of internal phlegm formation while ensuring pathways for its elimination,targeted treatment can be achieved through clarifying the etiology and pathogenesis.

In order to understand the genetic variation and whole genome characteristics of goose as-trovirus(GoAstV)in Jiangxi Province,a strain of GoAstV was successfully isolated from a typical gosling gout case sample and the whole genome sequencing and genetic characteristics of the isola-ted strain were analyzed.The results showed that the JXNC1 strain could be stably passaged on LMH cells and could cause mild cytopathic effects in LMH cells.Sequencing and analysis showed that the full-length genome of the strain was 7 173 bp,and its genetic relationship was the closest to the GZ2301(PP966939)reference strain,belonging to the GoAstV-Ⅱ genotype.The complete genome of JXNC1 strain shared 98.1％-98.8％nucleotide similarity with 22 GoAstV-Ⅱ reference strains,and the amino acid similarity of ORF2 gene was 97.6％-99.6％.At the same time,the analysis results showed that the mutation of the strain mainly occurred in the ORF2 gene,and there were 13 amino acid site mutations,of which T630I was a unique mutation.Animal regression experiments showed that the inoculation of JXNC1 strain could cause urate deposition in the or-gans of goslings,congestion and dilatation of hepatic sinusoids,and small focal necrosis of some hepatocytes.Renal tissue tubular dilatation,renal interstitial connective tissue hyperplasia.The re-sults of this study laid a foundation for accurate prevention and control of the disease.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of social skills and problem behaviors of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as the association with core symptoms.Methods:A total of 409 patients aged 5-18 years old with ASD or ADHD in the outpatient department of Nanjing Brain Hospital from 2023 to 2024, and 344 children and adolescents with typical development(TD) were recruited.All participants were matched in a ratio of 1∶1∶1 (ASD∶ADHD∶TD) according to gender and age, and 97 participants were included in each group for analysis.The Chinese version of the social skills improvement system rating scales(SSIS-RS-C) was used to evaluate social skills and problem behaviors, and autistic child behavior checklist(ABC), childhood autism rating scale(CARS), the Chinese version of the social communication questionnaire(SCQ) and the Chinese version of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version Ⅳ scale-parent form(SNAP-Ⅳ) were used to evaluate the core symptoms of ASD and ADHD, respectively. SPSS 26.0 software was used to perform variance, Chi-square test, Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results:The social skills score of ASD group was lower than ADHD group ((61.53±24.26) vs (80.89±15.19), P<0.05), while the problem behavior score of ASD group was higher than ADHD group ((38.82±11.92) vs (34.00±12.45), P<0.05). In ASD group, the scores of ABC, CARS and SCQ were negatively correlated with the score of social skills ( r=-0.26--0.55, P<0.05). In ADHD group, the total score and each subscale of SNAP-Ⅳ were positively correlated with the score of problem behavior ( r=0.25-0.65, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that empathy was a negative influencing factor of ASD ( B=-0.246, OR=0.782, P<0.05), and hyperactivity/inattention was a positive influencing factor of ASD ( B=0.589, OR=1.802, P<0.01), while only hyperactivity/inattention was a positive influencing factor of ADHD( B=0.779, OR=2.180, P<0.01). Conclusion:Children and adolescents with ASD and ADHD both have defects in social skills and problem behaviors, and these defects are associated with the core characteristics of their respective diseases.

Objective:To analyze and validate the reliability and validity of the social skills improvement system-rating scales Chinese version (parent version) (SSIS-RS-C) in middle school students.Method:A total of 1 486 parents of middle school students were recruited according to the cluster sampling method.The social responsiveness scale and strengths and difficulties questionnaire were used as criterion validity tools.A retest was conducted one month later.SPSS 27.0 was used for descriptive statistics, item analysis, internal consistency test, test-retest reliability test and criterion validity test. AMOS 24.0 was used to perform confirmatory factor analysis .Results:Item analysis indicated significant positive correlations between each item and the subscales ( r=0.293-0.782, all P<0.01), with significant differences in scores between high and low groups ( t=10.079-37.038, all P<0.01).Confirmatory factor analysis supported a seven-factor structure for the social skills subscale(communication, cooperation, assertion, responsibility, empathy, engagement and self control) and a five-factor structure for the problem behavior subscale (externalizing, bullying, hyperactivity/inattention, internalizing and autism spectrum) of the SSIS-RS-C.There was a positive correlation between the social skills subscale and prosocial behavior ( r=0.637, P<0.001), and between the problem behavior subscale and social impairments and difficult behaviors ( r=0.765, 0.688, both P<0.001).The Cronbach's α coefficients for the total scale, social skills subscale and problem behavior subscale were 0.934, 0.972 and 0.963, respectively.The test-retest correlation coefficients for the total score and the two subscales were 0.665, 0.871 and 0.598, respectively (all P<0.001). Conclusion:The SSIS-RS-C demonstrated good reliability and validity in the Chinese adolescent population.

Objective:Conventional myeloid cell staining methodologies were employed to stain splenocytes and peripheral blood cells by fixation and permeabilization and non-fixation and permeabilization methods,respectively,and effects of staining were compared following flow cytometry detection.Methods:Peripheral blood and spleen of three 8-week-old C57 male mice were divided into fixation and permeabilization group and non-fixation and permeabilization group for staining,and flow cytometry was used to detect mean fluorescence intensity(MFI)of each fluorescent antibody and proportion of positive cells.Results:In mouse peripheral blood samples,MFI of 7-AAD-PerCP-Cyanine5.5 and CD147-PE were lower in fixation and permeabilization group than non-fixation and permeabilization group,MFI of F4/80-FITC,MHC Class Ⅱ(I-A/I-E)-APC-R700,Ly-6c-APC-Cy7,CD206-BV421,CD45-BV510,CD11b-BV605,CD11c-BV650 and CD86-BV786 were higher than non-fixation and permeabilization group.Proportions of each immune cell in fixation and permeabilization group and non-fixation and permeabilization group were highly similar.In mouse spleen samples,MFI of antibodies in fixation and permeabilization group were higher than those in non-fixation and permeabilization group,with exception of CD147-PE,which had a lower MFI than non-fixation and permeabilization group;proportions of dendritic cells and Mon/Ly-6clow cells were lower than non-fixation and permeabilization group,whereas proportions of rest myeloid subpopula-tions were higher than non-fixation and permeabilization group.Conclusion:Fixation and permeabilization in peripheral blood cells can improve antibody MFI,but it has little effect on proportion of positive cells.Fixation and permeabilization can enhance antibody MFI in splenocytes,while effect on proportion of each positive cell is more significant.It is advised that when designing staining strate-gies,researchers attempt to choose alternative cell surface antigens for assay or optimize protocols through required pre-experiments in order to acquire stable and dependable results.

In order to understand the genetic variation and whole genome characteristics of goose as-trovirus(GoAstV)in Jiangxi Province,a strain of GoAstV was successfully isolated from a typical gosling gout case sample and the whole genome sequencing and genetic characteristics of the isola-ted strain were analyzed.The results showed that the JXNC1 strain could be stably passaged on LMH cells and could cause mild cytopathic effects in LMH cells.Sequencing and analysis showed that the full-length genome of the strain was 7 173 bp,and its genetic relationship was the closest to the GZ2301(PP966939)reference strain,belonging to the GoAstV-Ⅱ genotype.The complete genome of JXNC1 strain shared 98.1％-98.8％nucleotide similarity with 22 GoAstV-Ⅱ reference strains,and the amino acid similarity of ORF2 gene was 97.6％-99.6％.At the same time,the analysis results showed that the mutation of the strain mainly occurred in the ORF2 gene,and there were 13 amino acid site mutations,of which T630I was a unique mutation.Animal regression experiments showed that the inoculation of JXNC1 strain could cause urate deposition in the or-gans of goslings,congestion and dilatation of hepatic sinusoids,and small focal necrosis of some hepatocytes.Renal tissue tubular dilatation,renal interstitial connective tissue hyperplasia.The re-sults of this study laid a foundation for accurate prevention and control of the disease.

Objective To explore the real experiences of nutrition impact symptoms in esophageal cancer patients during diagnosis and treatment,and to provide references for developing nutritional management strategies.Methods Using purposive sampling,15 esophageal cancer patients admitted to the thoracic surgery department of a tertiary grade A hospital in Guangzhou from October to December 2024 were selected for semi-structured interviews.Thematic analysis was used for data analysis.Results 4 themes and 12 sub-themes were identified:①Multiple symptom perceptions:esophageal obstruction-dysphagia,appetite-affecting symptoms,multiple symptom over-lap,and individual differences in symptom perception.② Insufficient symptom cognition:overestimation of symptom controllability and biased symptom attribution.③ Negative emotional reactions:anxiety and fear about eating,frustration with declining eating function,and helplessness and guilt about losing control over eating.④ Di-verse symptom coping strategies:avoidance coping,adaptive coping,and active nutritional management.Conclusion The nutrition impact symptom experiences of esophageal cancer patients are complex and diverse.Healthcare professionals should promptly identify and assess nutrition impact symptoms,provide nutrition health education,strengthen psychological guidance,and develop culturally distinctive individualized nutritional management strategies.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of single-cigarette use and dual cigarette-cigar use in China.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study that selected 85 638 urban and rural residents who met the inclusion criteria from the 2018 China Health Literacy Survey as research subjects. An analysis was conducted on 21 849 users of cigarettes and cigars among them. Due to the small number of individuals who exclusively used cigars (247 cases), the research subjects were divided into two categories: exclusive cigarette users and dual users of cigarettes and cigars. The groups were categorized by age (18-34 years, 35-54 years, ≥55 years), gender (male, female), education level (primary school and below, junior high school and high school, university and above) and annual household income (<20 000 yuan, 20 000-<80 000 yuan, ≥80 000 yuan) to compare the tobacco usage rate and conduct subgroup analyses for each subgroup. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed, incorporating general demographic characteristic information to explore the influencing factors of exclusive cigarette use and dual use of cigarettes and cigars, respectively.Results:The rate of exclusive cigarette use in our country was 24.3%, while the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars was 0.9%. The exclusive cigarette use rate and the dual use rate of cigarettes and cigars among males were significantly higher than those among females (48.25% vs 2.48%, and 1.84% vs 0.06%) (both P<0.001). For males, the high-risk factors for exclusive cigarette use included living in urban areas ( OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.23-1.54), being Han ethnicity ( OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.51-1.98), and having an annual household income ≥20 000 yuan ( OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.38-1.82) while having a junior high school education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.90). Age≥35 years ( OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 2.62-4.32) and having a junior high school education or higher ( OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.67) were risk factors for dual use of cigarettes and cigars in males. Among females, living in urban areas ( OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.19-1.97) and being Han ethnicity ( OR: 5.96, 95% CI: 4.47-7.96) were risk factors for exclusive cigarette use, while having a university education or higher was a protective factor ( OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.18-0.42). However, for female dual use of cigarettes and cigars, no significant effects were observed for any demographic characteristics. Conclusions:The use rate of cigarettes alone in China is significantly higher than that of cigarette-cigar dual use, and the rates of cigarette use alone and cigarette-cigar dual use in men are significantly higher than those in women. Tobacco use is being affected by sociodemographic factors, among which place of residence, ethnicity and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette use alone, and gender, age and education level are the main influencing factors of cigarette-cigar dual use.