The decrease in blood glucose in perinatal dairy cows affects the energy supply and im-mune function of peripheral blood neutrophils(PMN).Fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21)is an important regulator of glucose metabolism,and serum FGF21 levels in some perinatal cows are significantly elevated after farrowing.In order to explore the effect of FGF21 on PMN glucose ho-meostasis in perinatal dairy cows,the cows were divided into high FGF21 group(high FGF21,n=8,FGF21＞800 ng/L)and low FGF21 group(low FGF21,n=8,FGF21＜200 ng/L)within 3 weeks postpartum.The results showed that compared with the low FGF21 group,the glucose up-take of PMN and the mRNA expression of glucose transporters SLC2A1 and SLC2A3 were signifi-cantly increased in the high FGF21 group.The activities of phosphofructokinase 1(PFK1)and glu-cose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH)were significantly increased,and the activity of glyco-gen synthase(GCS)was significantly decreased in PMN in the high FGF21 group.The lactate con-tent and ATP content of PMN were significantly increased,and the mRNA and protein expressions of hexokinase(HK2)and PFK1 were significantly increased in the high FGF21 group.These re-sults indicated that the uptake and utilization of glucose by PMN in perinatal peripheral blood FGF21 increased to ensure the ATP supply of PMN,which provided a theoretical basis for the pro-posal of a new strategy to alleviate immunosuppression in perinatal dairy cows.

The aim of this updated guideline is to provide comprehensive recommendations for the management of gout in patients with common comorbidities, such as chronic kidney disease(CKD), cardiovascular disease(CVD), diabetes, osteoarthritis(OA), and gastrointestinal disorders. This guideline was developed by a multidisciplinary expert panel consisting of specialists in endocrinology, rheumatology, nephrology, cardiology, gastroenterology, and methodology. The development process adhered to standard methodologies, including PICO(population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes) question deconstruction, systematic literature review, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation(GRADE) for evidence and recommendation evaluation, Delphi voting, and expert consensus. The guideline presents 26 evidence-based recommendations addressing 7 clinical questions for patients with hyperuricemia and gout in the context of comorbidities. Key recommendations include the maintenance of strict serum urate targets, particularly for patients with CKD stage≥3, chronic gouty arthritis, and OA, in order to prevent disease progression. In patients with CVD or diabetes, intra-articular triamcinolone is preferred over systemic glucocorticoids. Prioritized anti-inflammatory treatments for patients with CKD, gastrointestinal diseases and OA are recommended. The guideline also introduces emerging therapies, such as interleukin-1 inhibitors and selective urate transport inhibitors, as potential treatment options for refractory cases. The update offers a comprehensive, patient-centered approach to managing gout, particularly in individuals with associated comorbidities. Multidisciplinary collaboration and emerging new treatments and evidence ensure the optimization of the recommendations.

OBJECTIVE To summarize the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment experiences in dealing with non-severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia.METHODS The clinical data were collected from 34 patients who were diagnosed with non-severe C.psittaci pneumonia through quantitative polymerase chain reactiong(qPCR)for sputum in fever clinic of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from Mar.2023 to Mar.2024 and were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were evaluated.RESULTS The average age of the patients was(44.82±13.74)years old,the ratio of male to female was 1∶1.83;all of the patients had fever;major symptoms were cough(70.59％),pharyngodynia(44.12％),and flu-like symptoms(41.18％);82.35％of the patients had the history of contact with poultry.The C-reactive pro-tein(CRP)level,interleukin-6(IL-6),systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI)and aggregate index of sys-temic inflammation(AISI)were higher among the patients aged no less than 44 years old than among the patients less than 44 years old(P＜0.05);the percentage of lymphocytes of the patients aged no less than 44 years old was lower than that of the patients aged less than 44 years old(P＜0.05).As for the imaging findings,73.53％of the patients had consolidation shadows,26.47％had ground-glass opacities,and 32.35％involved both lungs.All of the patients received quinolones or tetracyclines for treatment of 7-14 days and all symptoms relieved.CT reexami-nated 1 month after the treatment showed that 55.88％of the cases had complete absorption of pulmonary infec-tious lesions,and 35.29％had partial absorption.CONCLUSIONS The patients with non-severe Chlamydia psitta-ci pneumonia are characterized by the history of contact with poultry,fever complicated with respiratory tract symptoms,rise of inflammatory markers(more significant among patients of advanced age)and lower lobe con-solidation shadow/ground-glass opacities.Early identification and standardized treatment may facilitate the favora-ble treatment outcomes.

The aim of this updated guideline is to provide comprehensive recommendations for the management of gout in patients with common comorbidities, such as chronic kidney disease(CKD), cardiovascular disease(CVD), diabetes, osteoarthritis(OA), and gastrointestinal disorders. This guideline was developed by a multidisciplinary expert panel consisting of specialists in endocrinology, rheumatology, nephrology, cardiology, gastroenterology, and methodology. The development process adhered to standard methodologies, including PICO(population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes) question deconstruction, systematic literature review, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation(GRADE) for evidence and recommendation evaluation, Delphi voting, and expert consensus. The guideline presents 26 evidence-based recommendations addressing 7 clinical questions for patients with hyperuricemia and gout in the context of comorbidities. Key recommendations include the maintenance of strict serum urate targets, particularly for patients with CKD stage≥3, chronic gouty arthritis, and OA, in order to prevent disease progression. In patients with CVD or diabetes, intra-articular triamcinolone is preferred over systemic glucocorticoids. Prioritized anti-inflammatory treatments for patients with CKD, gastrointestinal diseases and OA are recommended. The guideline also introduces emerging therapies, such as interleukin-1 inhibitors and selective urate transport inhibitors, as potential treatment options for refractory cases. The update offers a comprehensive, patient-centered approach to managing gout, particularly in individuals with associated comorbidities. Multidisciplinary collaboration and emerging new treatments and evidence ensure the optimization of the recommendations.

The decrease in blood glucose in perinatal dairy cows affects the energy supply and im-mune function of peripheral blood neutrophils(PMN).Fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21)is an important regulator of glucose metabolism,and serum FGF21 levels in some perinatal cows are significantly elevated after farrowing.In order to explore the effect of FGF21 on PMN glucose ho-meostasis in perinatal dairy cows,the cows were divided into high FGF21 group(high FGF21,n=8,FGF21＞800 ng/L)and low FGF21 group(low FGF21,n=8,FGF21＜200 ng/L)within 3 weeks postpartum.The results showed that compared with the low FGF21 group,the glucose up-take of PMN and the mRNA expression of glucose transporters SLC2A1 and SLC2A3 were signifi-cantly increased in the high FGF21 group.The activities of phosphofructokinase 1(PFK1)and glu-cose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH)were significantly increased,and the activity of glyco-gen synthase(GCS)was significantly decreased in PMN in the high FGF21 group.The lactate con-tent and ATP content of PMN were significantly increased,and the mRNA and protein expressions of hexokinase(HK2)and PFK1 were significantly increased in the high FGF21 group.These re-sults indicated that the uptake and utilization of glucose by PMN in perinatal peripheral blood FGF21 increased to ensure the ATP supply of PMN,which provided a theoretical basis for the pro-posal of a new strategy to alleviate immunosuppression in perinatal dairy cows.

OBJECTIVE To summarize the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment experiences in dealing with non-severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia.METHODS The clinical data were collected from 34 patients who were diagnosed with non-severe C.psittaci pneumonia through quantitative polymerase chain reactiong(qPCR)for sputum in fever clinic of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from Mar.2023 to Mar.2024 and were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes were evaluated.RESULTS The average age of the patients was(44.82±13.74)years old,the ratio of male to female was 1∶1.83;all of the patients had fever;major symptoms were cough(70.59％),pharyngodynia(44.12％),and flu-like symptoms(41.18％);82.35％of the patients had the history of contact with poultry.The C-reactive pro-tein(CRP)level,interleukin-6(IL-6),systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI)and aggregate index of sys-temic inflammation(AISI)were higher among the patients aged no less than 44 years old than among the patients less than 44 years old(P＜0.05);the percentage of lymphocytes of the patients aged no less than 44 years old was lower than that of the patients aged less than 44 years old(P＜0.05).As for the imaging findings,73.53％of the patients had consolidation shadows,26.47％had ground-glass opacities,and 32.35％involved both lungs.All of the patients received quinolones or tetracyclines for treatment of 7-14 days and all symptoms relieved.CT reexami-nated 1 month after the treatment showed that 55.88％of the cases had complete absorption of pulmonary infec-tious lesions,and 35.29％had partial absorption.CONCLUSIONS The patients with non-severe Chlamydia psitta-ci pneumonia are characterized by the history of contact with poultry,fever complicated with respiratory tract symptoms,rise of inflammatory markers(more significant among patients of advanced age)and lower lobe con-solidation shadow/ground-glass opacities.Early identification and standardized treatment may facilitate the favora-ble treatment outcomes.

Cervical lymph node metastasis in thyroid cancer is closely related to the disease recurrence and prognosis of patients. Accurate judgment of lymph node metastasis is vital for tumor stage and treatment in patients with thyroid cancer, which can effectively improve the prognosis of patients. However, preoperative detection of cervical lymph node metastasis is the key points and difficulties in individualized treatment of thyroid cancer. Currently, fine needle aspiration washout fluid thyroglobulin is often used to assess cervical lymph node metastasis of differentiated thyroid cancer preoperatively, and it has a higher diagnostic efficacy. The continuous exploration and application of tumor markers and emerging biomarkers have provided new perspectives for the preoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in thyroid cancer. As a new non-invasive detection technique, liquid biopsy is convenient to obtain samples and has broad clinical application in early diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer. In addition, the analysis and application of liquid biopsy biomarkers will help the development of clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies, and provide the possibility of early precision therapy for thyroid cancer patients. This review summarizes current research surrounding the molecular markers related to cervical lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer.

Circular RNA(circRNA)is an emerging class of endogenous non-coding RNA,which is widely expressed in the brain and plays an important role in a variety of biological processes.Research has shown that circRNA plays a key role in physiological and pathological processes of the brain,such as neurodevelopment,synaptic plasticity and neurodegenerative diseases through a variety of mecha-nisms such as adsorption of microRNA,binding to proteins and translation of peptides.In the field of drug addiction,the expression of circRNA is significantly changed in animal models and brains of addicts,and the regulation involves neural adaptation in brain regions that form the reward circuit such as the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex.Additionally,addiction-related circRNAs are closely associated with neurotransmitter systems,signaling pathways,and neuroinflammatory responses,and they influ-ence the formation and maintenance of drug addiction by modulating gene expression networks related to drug addiction.Here,the biogenesis and regulatory mechanism of circRNA as well as its important role in brain function and drug addiction are reviewed in order to provide a new perspective for explora-tions of the pathological mechanism of drug addiction.

Objective:To explore the properties of gelatin-polyethylene glycol hydrogel loaded with silver nanoparticle (AgNP) Chlorella (hereinafter referred to as the composite hydrogel) and its effects on healing of infected full-thickness skin defect wounds in mice. Methods:The research was an experimental research. The simple gelatin-polyethylene glycol hydrogel (hereinafter referred to as the simple hydrogel) and the composite hydrogel were prepared, and the appearance and injectability of the two hydrogels were observed at 55 and 37 ℃, and under the irradiation of 808 nm near-infrared light, respectively. An electronic universal testing machine was employed to assess the tensile and compressive stress-strain properties of both types of hydrogels at room temperature. Additionally, the cyclic compressive stress-strain properties of the composite hydrogel were examined at 80% of the maximum compressive stress. Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli solution was added to phosphate buffer solution (PBS), simple hydrogel, and composite hydrogel, respectively. The part of composite hydrogel containing Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli solution was irradiated with near-infrared light for 5 minutes. After each sample was incubated for 6 h, the dilution plating method was used to detect and calculate the mortality rates of the two bacteria at 24 h of culture ( n=5). The discarded foreskin tissue was taken from a 6-year-old healthy boy admitted to the Department of Urology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University for circumcision. Primary human fibroblasts (HFbs) were isolated using the enzyme extraction method, routinely cultured to the 3 rd to 6 th passages for subsequent cellular experiments. Composite hydrogel extracts with final mass concentrations of 100.0, 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, and 0 mg/mL were respectively prepared and used to culture HFbs, and the cell proliferation after 24 h of culture was detected using a cell counting kit 8 ( n=3). A total of twenty 6-8 weeks old C57BL/6J female mice were utilized, and a full-thickness skin defect was surgically created on the back of each mouse. The wounds were infected with Staphylococcus aureus solution. The infected mice were divided into blank control group, simple hydrogel group, composite hydrogel group, and combined treatment group according to the random number table, and the wounds were treated with PBS, simple hydrogel, composite hydrogel, and composite hydrogel+light irradiation (under the irradiation of 808 nm near-infrared light for 5 min), respectively, with 5 mice in each group. On post injury day (PID) 0 (immediately after the first wound treatment), 3, 7, and 14, an overall assessment of wound exudation and healing were conducted, and the wound healing rates on PID 7 and 14 were calculated ( n=5). On PID 14, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe histopathological changes in the mouse wound. Results:Both simple hydrogel and composite hydrogel were in a solution state at 55 ℃ and transition to a gel state when cooling to 37 ℃. After the two hydrogels were irradiated by near-infrared light, only the composite hydrogel reheated up and returned to the solution state again with injectability. The maximum tensile stress of the composite hydrogel was up to 301.42 kPa, with a corresponding strain of 87.19%; the maximum compressive stress was up to 413.79 kPa, with a corresponding strain of 91.67%, which was similar to the tensile and compressive properties of the simple hydrogel. After 10 compression cycles, the maximum compressive stress of the composite hydrogel still reached 84.1% of the first compressive stress. After 24 h of culture, the mortality rate of Staphylococcus aureus treated with simple hydrogel was significantly higher than that treated with PBS ( P<0.05); the mortality rates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus treated with composite hydrogel alone were significantly higher than those treated with simple hydrogel ( P<0.05); the mortality rates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus treated with composite hydrogel+light irradiation were significantly higher than those treated with composite hydrogel alone ( P<0.05). After 24 h of culture, compared with that cultured in composite hydrogel immersion solution with final mass concentration of 0 mg/mL, the proliferation activity of HFbs cultured in composite hydrogel immersion solution with final mass concentrations of 25.0 and 50.0 mg/mL was significantly enhanced ( P<0.05), while the proliferation activity of HFbs cultured in composite hydrogel immersion solution with final mass concentration of 100 mg/mL was significantly decreased ( P<0.05). On PID 0 and 3, more purulent secretions were seen in the wounds of mice in blank control group and simple hydrogel group, while only a small amount of exudate was observed in the wounds of mice in composite hydrogel group, and no obvious infection was observed in the wounds of mice in combined treatment group. On PID 7 and 14, the wound healing rates of mice in simple hydrogel group were significantly higher than those in blank control group ( P<0.05); the wound healing rates of mice in composite hydrogel group were significantly higher than those in simple hydrogel group ( P<0.05); the wound healing rates in combined treatment group were significantly higher than those in composite hydrogel group ( P<0.05). On PID 14, the wounds of mice in blank control group exhibited a high infiltration of inflammatory cells with no new epithelial layer observed; the wounds of mice in simple hydrogel group displayed a short length of newly formed epithelium with a small amount of inflammatory cells; the wounds of mice in composite hydrogel group exhibited continuous formation of new epithelium and a large amount of immature granulation tissue; the wounds of mice in combined treatment group showed continuous epithelialization with less immature granulation tissue. Conclusions:The prepared composite hydrogel exhibits excellent thermosensitivity, photothermal properties, and injectability, as well as excellent mechanical properties, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility, and can promote the healing of infected full-thickness skin defect wounds in mice.

Objective:To investigate the role of Pink1/Parkin-induced mitophagy in acute lung injury of exertional heat stroke rats.Methods:Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, including normal group (CON group), normal Parkin overexpression group (CON+Parkin group), heat stroke group (EHS group) and heat stroke Parkin overexpression group (EHS+Parkin group), with fifteen rats in each group. The rat model of exertional heat stroke was established and the survival curve was drawn. Pulmonary coefficient and pulmonary capillary permeability were detected. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue. ELISA was used to detect the contents of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and ROS in lung tissue; immunohistochemistry was used to observe apoptosis in lung tissue; Western blot was used to determine the expression of Pink1, Parkin, P62 and LC3 in rat lung tissue, and the LC3II/LC3I ratio was calculated. Single factor multi-level group comparison was performed by single factor analysis of variance, SNK-q method was used to further pairwise comparison between groups.Results:Compared with the normal group, the survival rate of EHS group was decreased ( P<0.001), lung coefficient and pulmonary vascular permeability were increased [(4.39±0.42), (33.38±8.29) μg/g, P<0.05)], lung tissue was exudative and solid, the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and ROS were significantly increased[(34.31±5.34) pg/mL, (34.03±4.78) pg/mL, (91.64±8.16) pg/mL, (259.01±89.17) U/mg, P<0.05)], and apoptosis was increased. Western and immunohistochemistry results showed that the expressions of Pink1 and Parkin were decreased, co-location of Pink1and Parkin was attenuated, LC3II/LC3I were decreased, and P62 expression was increased. Compared with the EHS group, the survival rate of EHS+Parkin group was significantly increased ( P<0.05), lung coefficient and pulmonary vascular permeability were decreased [(3.83±0.62), (22.49±7.90) μg/g, P<0.05)], exudation and consolidation and other pathological changes were significantly reduced, and the levels of the above inflammatory factors and ROS were significantly decreased [(14.09±3.24) pg/mL, (26.94±2.11) pg/mL、(63.35±11.62) pg/mL, (161.13±26.31) U/mg, P<0.05]. Lung tissue apoptosis was reduced. The co-location of Pink1and Parkin、Parkin expression and LC3II/LC3I ratio were increased ( P<0.05), P62 expression was decreased( P<0.05), while Pink1 expression was not significant different (q=0.75). There was no difference between normal group and normal Parkin overexpression group (q=0.95). Conclusion:Activation of Pink1/Parkin-induced mitophagy can alleviate the acute lung injury in exertional heat stroke rats.