Objective: To establish a rapid, accurate, and decentralized workflow for bacterial whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and risk profiling within the shelf-life of platelet concentrates, and to characterize the species, virulence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and immune evasion mechanisms of co-existing bacteria in qualified platelet products, thereby providing a scientific basis for transfusion safety assessment. Methods: Three units of platelet concentrates, which tested negative by routine bacterial screening, were collected from the Chengdu Blood Center between May and June 2025. Samples were enriched at 37℃under six aerobic and nine anaerobic conditions for 7 days. Using a culturomics strategy, aliquots were plated for isolation on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 to obtain cultivable isolates, with negative culture controls included to exclude contamination. High-molecular-weight genomic DNA was extracted via mechanical grinding, purified, and size-selected. Sequencing libraries were constructed and sequenced on the G-seq500 single-molecule nanopore sequencing platform. Genomes were assembled using Flye and polished with NextPolish, with quality evaluated by BUSCO and CheckM. Taxonomic identification was performed using GTDB-Tk. Functional annotation and database comparisons were conducted to analyze virulence factors, AMR genes, and genes related to immune evasion and environmental adaptation. Results: Viable bacteria were successfully isolated from all three qualified platelet units within their shelf life. The isolates were identified as Bacillus albus, Niallia taxi, and Staphylococcus warneri. Nanopore sequencing generated 92 227-109 813 reads (totaling 680-758 Mb) with an N50 of 7 625-8 584 bp and Q20/Q30 scores of 97%/93%, respectively. All three genomes were assembled into complete circular chromosomes with 1-3 plasmids, achieving >93% completeness. Functional analysis revealed that B. albus carried multiple hemolysins, metalloproteases, and multidrug resistance genes, indicating the highest potential pathogenicity and AMR risk. S. warneri exhibited a typical multidrug resistance profile and regulatory network characteristic of coagulase-negative staphylococci, suggesting intermediate virulence. N. taxi harbored few canonical virulence factors and lacked functional AMR determinants, presenting a "low-virulence, low-resistance" profile. Notably, all three strains were enriched in genes encoding antimicrobial peptide resistance systems (e.g., dltABCD, mprF, GraRS, BceAB) and antioxidant enzymes, suggesting a strong capacity to withstand immune stress in the blood environment. Conclusion: Viable bacteria can be recovered from qualified platelet concentrates that test negative by routine screening. Nanopore WGS enables rapid strain-level identification and comprehensive risk profiling of virulence, resistance, and immune adaptation traits. The functional repertoires of these "co-existing" isolates range from environmental adaptation to potential pathogenicity, representing an underappreciated risk for transfusion-transmitted infections in susceptible recipients.

The aim of this study was to identify the Salmonella strains isolated from an outbreak of foodborne illness in a seafood buffet restaurant and analyze their pathogenic characteristics.Epidemiological data,fecal samples from patients and chefs,and food/environmental samples from the restaurant were analyzed.Research methods included bacterial culture,serotyping,quadruple fluo-rescence PCR identification,whole-genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing.The results showed that 4 S.Java strains(serotype 1,4,12∶b∶1,2;ST42)were isolated from two outbreak cases and two sporadic cases.All isolates exhibited similar genomic features,harboring 9 virulence islands and 98 virulence genes.Antimicrobial resistance profiling revealed streptomycin monoresis-tance,mediated by aac(6′)-Iy and aac(6′)-Iaa genes.In conclusion,this event was the first reported outbreak of foodborne illness caused by S.Java in China,indicating that S.Java may be prevalent in the surveyed district.The catering industry should optimize food handling and processing procedures and enhance the surveillance of high risk pathogens.Meanwhile,further studies should ad-dress differential diagnosis and pathogenic mechanism differences between S.Java and S.paratyphi B,which will facilitate evidence-based monitoring in China.

Progesterone receptor membrane component 1(PGRMC1)is closely related to hormone therapy which belongs to the membrane-associated progesterone receptor(MAPR)family.A large number of in vitro experiments,in vivo animal experiments,clinical samples of breast cancer patients and blood studies showed that all synthetic progesterone(excluding natural progesterone and dydrogesterone)can promote the rapid proliferation of breast cancer cells overexpressing PGRMC1.In patients with breast cancer,PGRMC1 is significantly negatively correlated with tumor grade and prognosis,and PGRMC1 level in blood is positively correlated with PGRMC1 expression in breast cancer tissues,and PGRMC1 is superior to traditional tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen(CA125),and CA153 in predicting early breast cancer.Therefore,PGRMC1 may serve as a predictive marker for identifying an elevated risk of breast cancer associated with menopausal hormone replacement therapy.

The aim of this study was to identify the Salmonella strains isolated from an outbreak of foodborne illness in a seafood buffet restaurant and analyze their pathogenic characteristics.Epidemiological data,fecal samples from patients and chefs,and food/environmental samples from the restaurant were analyzed.Research methods included bacterial culture,serotyping,quadruple fluo-rescence PCR identification,whole-genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing.The results showed that 4 S.Java strains(serotype 1,4,12∶b∶1,2;ST42)were isolated from two outbreak cases and two sporadic cases.All isolates exhibited similar genomic features,harboring 9 virulence islands and 98 virulence genes.Antimicrobial resistance profiling revealed streptomycin monoresis-tance,mediated by aac(6′)-Iy and aac(6′)-Iaa genes.In conclusion,this event was the first reported outbreak of foodborne illness caused by S.Java in China,indicating that S.Java may be prevalent in the surveyed district.The catering industry should optimize food handling and processing procedures and enhance the surveillance of high risk pathogens.Meanwhile,further studies should ad-dress differential diagnosis and pathogenic mechanism differences between S.Java and S.paratyphi B,which will facilitate evidence-based monitoring in China.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of Huayu Tongluo Formula （化瘀通络方， HTF） in patients with mid-stage diabetic kidney disease of blood stasis syndrome and explore its potential mechanisms. MethodsA multi-center， randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Ninety patients of mid-stage diabetic kidney disease of blood stasis syndrome were divided into a control group of 46 cases and a treatment group of 44 cases. Both groups received conventional western medicine treatment， the treatment group additionally taking HTF， while the control group taking a placebo of the formula. The treatment was administered once daily for 24 weeks. The primary outcomes included 24-hour urine total protein （24 h-UTP）， serum albumin （Alb）， glycated hemoglobin （HbA1c）， and serum creatinine （Scr）.The secondary outcomes included changes in levels of endothelin-1 （ET-1）， nitric oxide （NO）， vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome scores before and after treatment. Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on TCM syndrome scores and overall disease outcomes. Adverse reactions and endpoint events were recorded. ResultsIn the treatment group after treatment， 24 h-UTP， ET-1， and VEGF levels significantly decreased （P＜0.05）， Alb and NO levels significantly increased （P＜0.05）； while the TCM syndrome scores for edema， lumbar pain， numbness of limbs， dark purple lips， dark purple tongue or purpura， and thin， rough pulse all significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. In the control group， no significant changes were observed in any of the indicators after treatment （P＞0.05）.Compared with the control group， the treatment group showed significant reductions in 24 h-UTP， ET-1， and VEGF levels， and increases in Alb and NO levels （P＜0.05）. The TCM syndrome scores for edema， lumbar pain， dark purple tongue or purpura， and thin， rough pulse were all lower in the treatment group than in the control group （P＜0.05）. The total effective rate of TCM syndrome in the treatment group was 59.09% （26/44）， and the overall clinical effective rate was 45.45% （20/44）. In the control group， these rates were 15.22% （7/46） and 8.7% （4/46）， respectively， with the treatment group showing significantly better outcomes （P＜0.05）. A total of 7 adverse events occurred across both groups， with no significant difference （P＞0.05）. No endpoint events occurred during the study. ConclusionOn the basis of conventional treatment of Western medicine， HTF can further reduce urinary protein levels and improve clinical symptoms in patients with mid-stage diabetic kidney disease of blood stasis syndrome. The mechanism may be related to its effects on endothelial function.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of a zero-profile three-dimensiaonal (3D)-printed microporous titanium alloy Cage and a conventional titanium plate combined with a polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK)-Cage in the treatment of single-segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). METHODS: The clinical data of 83 patients with single-segment CSM treated with ACDF between January 2022 and January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into 3D-ZP group (35 cases, using zero-profile 3D-printed microporous titanium alloy Cage) and CP group (48 cases, using titanium plate in combination with PEEK-Cage). There was no significant difference in gender, age, disease duration, surgical intervertebral space, and preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, neck disability index (NDI), vertebral height at the fusion segment, Cobb angle, and other baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, complications, interbody fusion, and prosthesis subsidence were recorded and compared between the two groups. VAS score, NDI, and JOA score were used to evaluate the improvement of pain and function before operation, at 3 months after operation, and at last follow-up, and the vertebral height at the fusion segment and Cobb angle were measured by imaging. The degree of dysphagia was assessed by the Bazaz dysphagia scale at 1 week and at last follow-up. RESULTS: The operation was successfully completed in all the 83 patients. There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay between the two groups (P>0.05), but the operation time in the 3D-ZP group was significantly shorter than that in the CP group (P<0.05). Patients in both groups were followed up 24-35 months, with an average of 25.3 months, and there was no significant difference in the follow-up time between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence and grade of dysphagia in CP group were significantly higher than those in 3D-ZP group at 1 week after operation and at last follow-up (P<0.05). There was no dysphagia in 3D-ZP group at last follow-up. There was no complication such as implant breakage or displacement in both groups. The intervertebral fusion rates of 3D-ZP group and CP group were 65.71% (23/35) and 60.42% (29/48) respectively at 3 months after operation, and there was no significant difference between the two groups [OR (95%CI)=1.256 (0.507, 3.109), P=0.622]. The JOA score, VAS score, and NDI significantly improved in the 3D-ZP group at 3 months and at last follow-up when compared with preoperative ones (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the improvement rate of JOA between the two groups at last follow-up (P>0.05). At 3 months after operation and at last follow-up, the vertebral height at the fusion segment and Cobb angle significantly improved in both groups, and the two indexes in 3D-ZP group were significantly better than those in CP group (P<0.05). At last follow-up, the incidence of prosthesis subsidence in 3D-ZP group (8.57%) was significantly lower than that in CP group (29.16%) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The application of zero-profile 3D-printed Cage and titanium plate combined with PEEK-Cage in single-segment ACDF can both reconstruct the stability of cervical spine and achieve good effectiveness. Compared with the latter, the application of the former in ACDF can shorten the operation time, reduce the incidence of prosthesis subsidence, and reduce the incidence of dysphagia.
Humans ; Spinal Fusion/instrumentation* ; Titanium ; Cervical Vertebrae/surgery* ; Diskectomy/instrumentation* ; Bone Plates ; Male ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Benzophenones ; Adult ; Spondylosis/surgery* ; Aged ; Polymers ; Ketones ; Polyethylene Glycols

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of gynecological and breast diseases among retired or economically disadvantaged women in part of Pudong New Area of Shanghai under the policy support of screening gynecological diseases and breast diseases for retired and women with economic difficulties in life in Shanghai, to analyze the characteristics of these diseases, so as to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of relevant prevention and treatment strategies. MethodsBased on the gynecological census data of 13 031 cases in five towns, including Xinchang Town, Xuanqiao Town, Laogang Town, Wanxiang Town and Shuyuan Town, conducted by Shanghai Pudong Hospital in 2023, descriptive analysis methods were used to explore the prevalence and age characteristics of common gynecological and breast diseases. ResultsThe total detection rate of gynecological and breast diseases among women in the screening area in this study was 68.29%, with uterine fibroid (22.35%), sarcoidosis of the breast (17.06%), cervicitis (15.37%), vaginitis (8.39%) and ovarian cyst (2.61%) ranking the top 5 in the detection rate among the screening population. The differences of the detection rates in the four major diseases [uterine fibroid (χ²=233.217, P<0.001), breast nodules(χ²=169.896, P<0.001), cervicitis (χ²=388.683, P<0.001), and ovarian cysts (χ²=72.298, P<0.001)] by different age groups were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Moreover, the results of pairwise comparison of different age groups showed that the detection rates in the age group under 45 years old and 45‒55 years old were higher than that in the age group of 55‒65 years old and over 65 years old. ConclusionThe detection rate of gynecological and breast diseases in the younger age group was higher, indicating a certain trend of younger onset of diseases. Uterine fibroid, sarcoidosis of the breast , and reproductive tract diseases such as cervicitis, vaginitis, and ovarian cyst are the main diseases affecting the research subjects. Therefore, medical institutions can combine routine work in screening diseases and carry out corresponding health education and health promotion activities for these key diseases to improve women’s health.

Objective:To examine the role of intestinal macrophages and the mechanism by which they produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in abdominal pain induced by food antigens in mice with visceral hypersensitivity.Methods:Mouse models of visceral hypersensitivity were established by subjecting animals to acute cold restraint stress (ACRS) or acetic acid enema (AAE). Visceral sensitivity was evaluated using food antigen ovalbumin (OVA)-induced responses and rectal reflex measurements following ROS scavenging. The activity of intestinal macrophages was assessed using flow cytometry. In vitro enzyme immunoassays and in vivo imaging techniques were employed to quantify ROS levels. Furthermore, the influence of OVA on ROS levels following intestinal macrophage depletion was investigated. Cell culture experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of OVA on intestinal macrophage function and ROS production.Results:The two visceral hypersensitivity mouse models exhibited a significantly lower pain threshold compared to the control group. OVA-induced visceral hypersensitivity mice demonstrated enhanced visceral motor responses (VMRs), with an increase in abdominal ROS levels (ACRS vs. control: 62.00±7.68 vs. 19.80±2.39, P<0.001; AAE vs. control: 461.80±17.25 vs. 19.80±2.39, P<0.001). When ROS were cleared from the abdominal cavity of mice, VMRs were restored to normal levels (AAE vs. AAE+ROS: 83.50±8.72 vs. 71.66±2.67, P=0.010). In this mouse model, intestinal macrophages could be classified into CD45 Med and CD45 High subtypes based on the level of CD45 expression. In the AAE group, the expression of CD45 Med macrophages in the intestinal tract decreased (AAE vs. control: 0.121±0.026 vs. 0.194±0.021, P=0.007), whereas the expression of CD45 High macrophages increased (AAE vs. control: 0.249±0.087 vs. 0.018±0.003, P=0.027). Compared with the control group, the expression of CD11b in both types of macrophages increased significantly (CD45 Med vs. control: 39 547.00±4 422.59 vs. 4 055.67±506.05, P<0.05; CD45 High vs. control: 18 960.00±1 197.84 vs. 3 147.50±286.38, P=0.008), while the expression of F4/80 decreased (CD45 Med vs. control: 6 141.67±750.06 vs. 10 544.33±974.92, P=0.008; CD45 High vs. control: 1 291.50±119.50 vs. 4 007.50±327.39, P<0.001). These findings suggest that the activity of intestinal macrophages in visceral hypersensitivity mice is altered following OVA induction. By injecting different populations of macrophages into the peritoneal cavity of mice, it was found that compared to the AAE group, the injection of CD45 High macrophages significantly increased the VMR in mice (AAE vs. AAE CD45 High: 83.50±8.72 vs. 114.38±7.15, P<0.001), and aggravated the severity of diarrhea significantly. In vitro experiments revealed that food antigens could directly induce ROS production in macrophages. Compared with the control group, both the ACRS and AAE groups of mice exhibited significant diarrhea symptoms. In contrast, the severity of diarrhea in the Macrophages exhaust+ACRS and Macrophages exhaust+AAE groups was substantially reduced, with a significantly shortened recovery period. Additionally, compared with the AAE group, the degree of diarrhea in the AAE+ROSS group was alleviated. Conclusions:Food antigens may act on intestinal macrophages, inducing abdominal pain and diarrhea in visceral hypersensitive mice via the ROS pathway. CD45 High macrophages may play a pivotal role in this process.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and genetic variations of patients with aminoacylase-1 deficiency (ACY1D) caused by ACY1 gene mutations, in order to enhance clinicians′ understanding of this rare disease. Methods:Clinical and genetic data of a child with ACY1D admitted to Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University in December 2021 were collected. Using "aminoacylase-1 deficiency" "aminoacylase-1 gene" " ACY1" and "ACY1D" as keywords, relevant cases of ACY1 gene mutations were searched in CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, OMIM, and PubMed databases until February 2025. The clinical characteristics and types of genetic variations of previously reported ACY1D patients were summarized and analyzed. Results:The patient was an 8-year and 4-month-old boy. Clinical manifestations included growth retardation, ataxia, and focal epileptic seizures. Increased excretion of various N-acetylamino acids was observed in the urine. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed cerebellar atrophy. Whole-exome sequencing results showed a compound heterozygous mutation in the ACY1 gene: c.1063-1G>A (IVS14-1G>A) and c.170G>A (p.G57D) (reference transcript NM_000666.2), with c.170G>A (p.G57D) being a novel mutation. Family validation results showed that the c.1063-1G>A (IVS14-1G>A) mutation originated from his mother, and the c.170G>A (p.G57D) mutation originated from his father. By literature review 11 English articles were retrieved reporting 18 ACY1D patients, along with the child in this study, totaling 19 cases, with an onset age ranging from 1 week to 4 years and 6 months. Among them, 13/19 patients showed growth retardation, 9/19 patients had language disorders, 8/19 patients had intellectual disabilities, 7/19 patients had ataxia and low muscle tone, 6/19 patients had epilepsy and febrile convulsions, and 3/19 patients had irritability, autism, and muscle weakness. Genetic testing results indicated various types of mutations in the ACY1 gene, including missense, splicing, and frameshift mutations. Conclusions:ACY1D is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by ACY1 gene mutations, which is relatively rare in China. The main clinical manifestations include growth retardation, intellectual and language disorders. The c.170G>A heterozygous mutation is a newly discovered variant site, expanding the mutation spectrum of the ACY1 gene. Screening for ACY1 gene variations can aid in achieving a definitive diagnosis..