Objective To study the distribution characteristics of TCM constitutions in the middle-aged and elderly Mongolian population undergoing physical examinations in Inner Mongolia;To analyze the correlation with related risk factors.Methods Health information and related risk factors(including BMI index,lifestyle habits,dietary habits and exercise status)of middle-aged and elderly Mongolian people who visited the physical examination departments of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Tongliao City Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2024 to April 2024 were collected.A total of 213 Mongolian people were surveyed,including 65 people who have lived in Hohhot for more than 2 years and 148 people who have lived in Tongliao for more than 2 years.Through investigation,research and analysis,the distribution characteristics of TCM constitutions in the population and its correlation with related risk factors were observed.Results Constitution distribution:101 people(47.41%)had a moderate constitution.Among the biased constitutions,the phlegm dampness constitution had the highest number of people(64 people,30.05%),with the blood deficiency constitution having the lowest number of people(2 people,0.94%).In the investigation of related risk factors,there was a significant correlation(P<0.01)between phlegm dampness and dietary habits and reduced exercise volume.Moreover,individuals with this constitution tend to have good sleep,reduced physical activity,faster eating and a diet primarily consisting of high-calorie foods(P<0.05).Conclusion The TCM constitution of the Mongolian population in Inner Mongolia is mostly composed of moderate constitution,while the biased constitution is mostly composed of phlegm dampness constitution,which is mainly related to dietary habits and reduced exercise volume.

[Objective]To explore the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of kala-azar patients in Kashgar region,so as to improve the diagnosis and treatment.[Methods]A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 71 kala-azar patients admitted to the First People's Hospital of Kashgar Region between January 2013 and December 2023.[Results]Among the 71 patients,the majority were aged 0-5 years(52.11%,37/71),with a male-to-female ratio of 0.92:1.Most cases occurred in winter and spring.Common clinical manifestations included fever,fatigue,decreased appetite,splenomegaly and hepatomegaly.Laboratory investigations mainly found pancytopenia,reversed albumin-to-globulin ratio,elevated transaminases,and increased C-reactive protein and procalcitonin.The positive rates of anti-rK39 antibody detection and bone marrow microscopy were 100%(23/23)and 91.38%(53/58),respectively.Metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS)of liver tissue identified Leishmania donovani in one case.The common complications were infectious toxic hepatitis 49.30%(35/71),myocarditis 29.56%(21/71),and bronchopneumonia 23.94%(17/71).[Conclusions]Potential kala-azar should be taken into consideration for patients from the endemic areas with long-term irregular fever accompanied by splenomegaly,hemocytopenia,and reversed albumin-to-globulin ratio.Bone marrow smear microscopy and anti-rK39 antibody detection are recommended for the diagnosis,and mNGS provides a novel diagnostic solution.

Objective To study the distribution characteristics of TCM constitutions in the middle-aged and elderly Mongolian population undergoing physical examinations in Inner Mongolia;To analyze the correlation with related risk factors.Methods Health information and related risk factors(including BMI index,lifestyle habits,dietary habits and exercise status)of middle-aged and elderly Mongolian people who visited the physical examination departments of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Tongliao City Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2024 to April 2024 were collected.A total of 213 Mongolian people were surveyed,including 65 people who have lived in Hohhot for more than 2 years and 148 people who have lived in Tongliao for more than 2 years.Through investigation,research and analysis,the distribution characteristics of TCM constitutions in the population and its correlation with related risk factors were observed.Results Constitution distribution:101 people(47.41%)had a moderate constitution.Among the biased constitutions,the phlegm dampness constitution had the highest number of people(64 people,30.05%),with the blood deficiency constitution having the lowest number of people(2 people,0.94%).In the investigation of related risk factors,there was a significant correlation(P<0.01)between phlegm dampness and dietary habits and reduced exercise volume.Moreover,individuals with this constitution tend to have good sleep,reduced physical activity,faster eating and a diet primarily consisting of high-calorie foods(P<0.05).Conclusion The TCM constitution of the Mongolian population in Inner Mongolia is mostly composed of moderate constitution,while the biased constitution is mostly composed of phlegm dampness constitution,which is mainly related to dietary habits and reduced exercise volume.

[Objective]To explore the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of kala-azar patients in Kashgar region,so as to improve the diagnosis and treatment.[Methods]A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 71 kala-azar patients admitted to the First People's Hospital of Kashgar Region between January 2013 and December 2023.[Results]Among the 71 patients,the majority were aged 0-5 years(52.11%,37/71),with a male-to-female ratio of 0.92:1.Most cases occurred in winter and spring.Common clinical manifestations included fever,fatigue,decreased appetite,splenomegaly and hepatomegaly.Laboratory investigations mainly found pancytopenia,reversed albumin-to-globulin ratio,elevated transaminases,and increased C-reactive protein and procalcitonin.The positive rates of anti-rK39 antibody detection and bone marrow microscopy were 100%(23/23)and 91.38%(53/58),respectively.Metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS)of liver tissue identified Leishmania donovani in one case.The common complications were infectious toxic hepatitis 49.30%(35/71),myocarditis 29.56%(21/71),and bronchopneumonia 23.94%(17/71).[Conclusions]Potential kala-azar should be taken into consideration for patients from the endemic areas with long-term irregular fever accompanied by splenomegaly,hemocytopenia,and reversed albumin-to-globulin ratio.Bone marrow smear microscopy and anti-rK39 antibody detection are recommended for the diagnosis,and mNGS provides a novel diagnostic solution.

Distant metastasis is the main cause of death in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, and tumor cell-derived exosomes, as mediators of information transfer, are widely involved in all aspects of pre-metastatic niche formation in colorectal cancer. In-depth study of the mechanism of exosomes in the formation of pre-metastatic niche can provide new ideas for targeted therapy and prediction of tumor progression in colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the differences in mechanical properties of the sclera in different regions. Methods The sclera of sus scrofa was divided into 3 regions, namely, anterior, equatorial and posterior area. Local indentation was performed on different areas of the whole sclera. Strip specimens of different regions were circumcised along the equatorial direction, and subjected to uniaxial stretching by INSTRON 5544. Results Within the normal physiological stress range, the stiffness at anterior, equatorial, and posterior area of the sclera measured by local indentation was (0.91±0.21), (0.6±0.16), (0.39±0.13) MPa, respectively. The elastic modulus at anterior, equatorial, and posterior area of the sclera measured by uniaxial stretching was (1-28±0.37), (0.95±0.31), (0.72±0.28) MPa, respectively. Conclusions The local indentation could reflect regional mechanical properties of the sclera. The anterior sclera performed a higher stiffness than the equatorial and posterior areas. The results provide references for further study on the pathogenesis of ocular diseases including myopia.

Background and aim:Real-world data on the effectiveness and safety of treatment with the direct-acting antiviral agent-based regimen are limited on the Chinese mainland.The aim of this study was to conduct a multicenter,prospective,real-world study of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir(OBT/PTV/r)combined with dasabuvir(DSV)in hepatitis C virus(HCV)genotype 1b-infected non-cirrhotic or compensated cirrhotic Chinese adult patients. Materials and methods:Genotype 1b-infected patients were enrolled at eight sites in China.Patients received 25/150/100 mg of OBT/PTV/r once daily combined with 250 mg of DSV twice daily for 8 weeks or 12 weeks.Sustained virological response at 12 weeks post-treatment(SVR12)and the incidence of adverse events were assessed.We have also evaluated the effect of intensive questioning of patients who were overdue for SVR12 testing.Intention-to-treat(1TT)and modified 1TT(mITT)populations were used in the analysis. Results:One hundred forty patients were included,among whom 90.0％(126/140)were newly diag-nosed,9.3％(13/140)had compensated cirrhosis,92.9％(130/140)received 12 weeks of treatment,and 7.1％(10/140)received 8 weeks of treatment.In the mITT population,the virological response rate at week 4 was 96.4％(108/112),and at the end of treatment was 100％(102/102).Among these patients,139 patients completed 12 weeks of treatment,and 73 patients were followed-up.All followed-up patients achieved SVR12.There was no adverse event-related discontinuation.Serious adverse events during treatment were reported in two(1.4％)patients,and none were considered to be drug-related.Sixty-six(47.1％)patients did not return to receive the HCV RNA test at 12 weeks post-treatment. Conclusions:The rate of SVR12 was consistent with Phase Ⅲ clinical studies.OBT/PTV/r combined with DSV showed effectiveness in Chinese adult patients,and both tolerability and safety profile were favorable.However,patient compliance should be further improved in the real world.

Objective: To evaluate the real-world safety and curative effect of ombitasvir combined with dasabuvir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C 1b genotype infection in non-cirrhotic or compensated cirrhotic patients. Methods: A real-world research method was adopted, and the research was conducted at three medical centers of mainland China. Non- cirrhotic or compensated cirrhotic patients with HCV genotype 1b infection who were initially treated with IFN/PEG-IFN-alpha combined with ribavirin, and ombitasvir combined with dasabuvir for 8 or 12 weeks were taken. Sustained virological response (SVR) and the incidence of adverse events during treatment and follow-up were evaluated after 12 weeks of drug withdrawal at OBV/PTV/r 25/150/100mg once daily and DSV 250mg, twice daily. Median and range were used for description of non-normally distributed data. Results: 80 cases of GT1b were included in this study. Of these 88.8% (71/80) were newly diagnosed, 12.5% (10/80) were compensated cirrhotic, 97.5% (78/80) received 12 weeks treatment, and 2.5% (2/80) received 8 weeks treatment. The rate of HCV RNA negative at EOT (end of treatment) was 100% (64/64). A total of 67 patients completed the treatment within 12 weeks, and 43 patients returned to the hospital for further consultations, and SVR12 was 100%(43/43). No patient discontinued the drugs because of an adverse event during treatment. Conclusion In the real world, Ombitasvir combined with dasabuvir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C 1b genotype infection in China has 100% rates of EOT and SVR12 with well- tolerability and safety.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Kwak and ACR( 2017 ) thyroid imaging reporting and data systems ( T I‐RADS ) for thyroid nodules . Methods Cases of thyroid nodule who underwent surgery from January 2015 to M arch 2018 in 15 hospitals in Sichuan province were collected and the ultrasonographic features of thyroid nodules were retrospectively analyzed by trained senior ultrasound physicians using Kwak and ACR T I‐RADS classification methods . Totally ,12 712 thyroid nodules were observed ,7 023 thyroid nodules in 7 023 cases with complete ultrasound and surgical and pathological data were eventually enrolled in the study . T hyroid nodules with solid ,hypoechoic or very hypoechoic ,tall/wide ratio ≥ 1 , margin ill‐defined and microcalcification were classified as malignant signs of ultrasound . M alignant percentage was calculated and diagnostic tests were performed . Results ① T here was a statistical difference between the benign and malignant nodules in the two types of T I‐RADS classification ( P＜0 .01) . ② T he area under ROC curve of Kwak and ACR in the diagnosis of malignant nodules were 0 .89 and 0 .84 ,respectively . T he Youden index of Kwak and ACR were 0 .66 and 0 .57 ,respectively . ③Taking Kwak T I4B and ACR T R4 as critical points for malignancy ,the sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Kwak T I 4B were 75 .0% ,90 .9% ,83 .2% ,and 85 .9% , respectively . T he accuracy of Kwak T I4B was 84 .9% ; T he sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ACR T R4 were 88 .2% ,68 .9% ,62 .9% ,and 90 .8% ,respectively . T he accuracy of ACR T R4 was 76 .2% . T he Kappa value of Kwak TI4B and ACR T R4 was 0 .52 . T he χ2 value of Kwak T I4B and ACR T R4 was 2 174 .6 ( P ＜ 0 .01 ) . Conclusions T he diagnostic values of two T I‐RADS classification methods for thyroid malignant nodules are high . T he overall efficiency of Kwak T I‐RADS classification method is better than that of ACR TI‐RADS classification method .

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) after failure of nucleoside-analogues (NAs).

METHODSA total of 30 CHB patients who had been previously treated with NAs and had subsequently completed a 48-week course of TDF were retrospectively investigated. Patients' data of HBV DNA level (log10 copies/ml) and rate of undetectable HBV DNA at treatment weeks 0 (baseline), 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48 were collected for evaluation. The lower limit of HBV DNA detection was 100 IU/ml. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization rate, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion rate, viral breakthrough (VBT) rate, viral response (VR) rate, and adverse events were determined upon treatment completion. Statistical analyses were carried out using the Student's t-test, the x² test or the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTSOver the 48-week treatment period, HBV DNA levels declined significantly from baseline (week 4:(2.11 ± 0.38) log10 IU/ml, t =5.582; week 12:(0.93 ± 0.31) log10 IU/ ml, t =9.303; week 24:(0.75 ± 0.20) log10 IU/ml, t =3.123; week 36:(0.16 ± 0.19) log10 IU/ml, t =10.759; week 48:(0.14 ± 0.25) log10 IU/ml, t =12.202) (all P less than 0.01). However, the rates of HBV DNA reduction and of cumulative reduction were comparable at weeks 24, 36 and 48 (all P more than 0.05). The most robust decline in HBV DNA levels was observed at week 4 ((2.11 ± 0.38) log10 IU/ml) and the highest cumulative HBV DNA reduction was observed at week 24 ((3.79 ± 0.37) log10 IU/ml). The rate of undetectable HBV DNA at week 4 (26.7%) was significantly lower than that at weeks 24 (87.5%, P less than 0.01), 36 (80.0%, P=0.007), and 48 (88.9%, P=0.001). The median time to achieving undetectable HBV DNA was 10.4 weeks (range:3.43-34.0 weeks). At week 48, the rates of VR, HBeAg seroconversion, and VBT were 88.9% ,6.7%, and 0% respectively. During treatment, the levels of creatine kinase were more than two times the upper limit normal in 9.2% of the patients, and were comparable at each time point examined (all P more than 0.05). All patients showed a normal level of serum creatinine throughout the treatment period.

CONCLUSIONFor CHB patients with non-response to NAs, TDF can suppress HBV DNA replication very quickly and achieve a high rate of ALT normalization with a low rate of adverse events.

Adenine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphonates ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Tenofovir ; Young Adult