This article systematically analyzes the historical evolution of the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting， processing and other aspects of Picrorhizae Rhizoma by referring to the medical books， prescription books， and other documents of the past dynasties， combined with relevant modern research materials， in order to provide a basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this medicinal herb. The research results indicate that Picrorhizae Rhizoma was first recorded in New Revised Materia Medica from the Tang dynasty. Throughout history， Huhuanglian has been used as its official name， and there are also aliases such as Gehu Luze， Jiahuanglian and Hulian. The main source of past dynasties is the the rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurrooa and P. scrophulariiflora. In ancient times， Picrorhizae Rhizoma was mainly imported by foreign traders via Guangzhou and other regions， and also produced in China， mainly in Xizang. In ancient times， it was harvested and dried in early August of the lunar calendar， while in modern times， it is mostly harvested from July to September， with the best quality being those with thick and crispy rhizomes without impurities， and bitter taste. Throughout history， Picrorhizae Rhizoma was collected， washed， sliced， and dried before being used as a raw material for medicine， it has a bitter and cold taste， mainly used to treat bone steaming， hot flashes， infantile chancre fever， and dysentery. There is no significant difference in taste and efficacy between ancient and modern times. Based on the research results， it is recommended that the rhizomes of P. scrophulariiflora in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， or the rhizomes of P. kurrooa， can be used in famous classical formulas containing this medicinal herb， which can be processed according to the processing requirements marked by the original formula. For those without clear processing requirements， the dried raw products are used as medicine.

Objective:To identify the differentially expressed proteins that caused hippocampal damage after liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods:Eighteen clean-grade healthy juvenile male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2 weeks, weighing 20-30 g, were divided into 2 groups ( n=9 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S group) and liver I/R group (IR group). A rat model of liver I/R injury was prepared by restoring perfusion after 1 h of liver ischemia. The rats were sacrificed after being anesthetized at day 3 of reperfusion, and the hippocampal tissue was isolated and analyzed to obtain gene expression profiles. Differentially expressed genes were identified using the R software, and further protein interaction networks were constructed through Cytoscape and Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes pathway analysis to determine the differentially expressed proteins. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used for validation. Results:A total of 45 differentially expressed proteins were identified by the proteomic analysis of hippocampal tissues, including 36 significantly up-regulated proteins and 9 significantly down-regulated proteins. The proteins with significant expression related to injury were identified from the PPI network complex using the CytoHubBA plug-in cystscape: Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (RAC2), HRAS, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), and N-methyl-D-aspartate ionotropic glutamate receptor 2b (GRIN2b). The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot showed that the expression of RAC2, HRAS, PTEN, and GRIN2b in the hippocampal tissue was significantly up-regulated in IR group compared with S group ( P<0.05). The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins were significantly enriched in the expression of PD-L1 and its checkpoint pathway, long-term potentiation, and regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway in cancer. Conclusions:The mechanism by which liver I/R induces hippocampal injury may be related to the up-regulation of the expression of RAC2, HRAS, PTEN and GRIN2b in rats.

Glioma is the most common primary intracranial central nervous system tumor, and postoperative radiotherapy is an important treatment for glioma. At present, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely applied in the delineation of radiotherapy targets for glioma. However, there are still some deficiencies in evaluating tumor scope, recurrence, radiation necrosis and prognosis, etc. Positron emission tomography (PET) / computed tomography (PET-CT) combines the molecular images of PET with the anatomical images of CT, which plays an important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of glioma. With the popularization and application of multimodal imaging technology in radiotherapy, PET-CT molecular imaging, as an important supplement, contributes to the delineation of glioma target volume and the development of accurate radiotherapy, and brings benefits to the prognosis and follow-up of glioma patients. In this article, the application and research progress on PET-CT in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up for glioma were reviewed.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF) combined with rehabilitation on children with global developmental delay(GDD).Methods:It was a prospective multicenter clinical randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 120 children with GDD admitted to 5 hospitals in China from May 2020 to January 2022.They were randomly divided into mNGF group and conventional rehabilitation group using block randomization method.All children were managed by standardized rehabilitation after recruitment, and those in the mNGF group were additionally given mNGF injections.All subjects were surveyed using the Gesell Development Diagnosis Schedules(GDDS) at baseline, 90 days and 120 days after treatment, and their developmental quotient (DQ) was recorded.Clinical efficacy was analyzed by the paired t-test, rank sum test and Chi- squared test. Results:After 90 days of treatment and the continuous follow-up to 120 days, the increases in the DQ of gross motor (7.520±13.900 vs.0.450±11.459), fine motor (7.800±15.346 vs.1.250±11.581), adaptive behavior (7.730±13.428 vs.2.100±12.022) and personal-social behavior (6.780±11.651 vs.1.780±10.120) than baseline were significantly higher in mNGF group than those of conventional rehabilitation group (all P<0.05). Serious adverse events and important drug-related medical events were not reported. Conclusions:mNGF combined with rehabilitation effectively enhances the development levels of gross motor, fine motor, adaptive behavior and personal-social behavior, and continuously improves the condition of GDD in children with a high safety.

Carenoprazan has the similar structure and mechanism with the potassium-competitive blocker vonoprazan. Howerver, its safety during the pregnancy remains uncertain. To study the embryo-fetal development toxicity and toxicokinetics of carenoprazan hydrochloride via oral administration, time-mated Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups, treated with normal saline, cyclophosphamide for injection(3. 8 mg/kg), and carenoprazan hydrochloride(20, 60, 200 mg/kg), respectively. Administrated orally from gestation day(GD)6 - 15. At the termination(GD 20), pregnant dams were sacrificed, and concentrations of carenoprazan hydrochloride as well as its metabolite in plasma and issues of both maternal and fetus were examined. As a result, the body weight gain of maternal in both high(200 mg/kg)and medium(60 mg/kg)dose as well as the food consumption of high-dose were decreased during GD 10-16. At the high dose group, decrease of crown rump length of fetuses were significant. Also, skeletal malformation/variations of fetus increased obviously at both high- and medium- dosage. The toxcicokinetics of carenoprazan hydrochloride are linear after single treatment between 20-200 mg/kg. The placental barrier was penetrated by carenoprazan hydrochloride and metabolite, and the distribution of metabolite in organs were similar in both maternal and fetus, with the highest concentration in livers. Therefore might resulted in the development toxicity. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level(NOAEL)of carenoprazan hydrochloride for both maternal and fetal was 20 mg/kg.

Objective To investigate the impact of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on left ventricular systolic function evaluated by velocity vector imaging (VVI) in refractory heart failure patients and the predictive value of VVI on CRT responses.Methods This study included 38 patients with medically refractory heart failure (HF) patients underwent CRT in our department from May 2007 to April 2011.Left ventricular long axis dyssynchrony indexes including time to peak of systolic velocity (Ts max-min),standard deviation of the time to peak of systolic velocity (Ts-SD) before and at 3-6 months post CRT.CRT response was defined as 15％ decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume.ROC curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated.Results Twenty-four patients were defined as responder.No significant difference was observed between responders and non-responders in medical therapy.When using Ts max-min to predict response,the AUC of ROC curves was 0.76 ± 0.07.The sensitivity and specifity was 70.8％ and 77.8％ respectively with Ts max-min≥124.0 ms.When using Ts-SD to predict response,the AUC of ROC curves was 0.82 ±0.07.The sensitivity and specifity was 79.2％ and 71.2％ respectively with Ts-SD≥40.5.Conclusion Ts-SD is a useful index to predict CRT response in refractory HF patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between urinary levels of isothiocyanates (ITCs) and the risk of pancreatic cancer in urban Shanghai.

METHODSA case-control study has been conducted in urban Shanghai. The cases (from December 2006 to December 2008) were identified through an newly established "instant case reporting" system. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was applied to determine the urinary levels of isothiocyanates in 390 cases and 414 controls. A food-frequency questionnaire was administered to estimate cruciferous vegetables consumption and dietary ITC exposure.Non-conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between dietary and urinary levels of isothiocyanates and the risk of pancreatic cancer.

RESULTSThe cruciferous vegetables intake and ITC consumption, urinary ITC levels (median (P25, P75)) were 95.0 (66.9, 135.8) g/d, 11.0 (7.1, 16.0) µmol/d, 0.95 (0.12, 2.92) µmol/g Cr respectively in cases, all lower than those in controls, separately 107.4 (80.1, 154.1) g/d, 12.3 (8.0, 18.0) µmol/d, 1.78 (0.53, 5.28) µmol/g Cr. The differences were statistically significant (t = 3.75, 3.03, 4.40, all P values <0.01). Urinary levels of ITCs in controls were correlated with cruciferous vegetables consumption and dietary ITC exposure (r = 0.189, 0.201, all P values <0.01). There was inverse association between urinary ITCs and the risk of pancreatic cancer after adjusting for possible confounding factors such as age, sex, history of diabetes and pancreatitis. Compared with the first tertile (<0.825 µmol/g Cr), the odds ratio (95%CI) for the second (0.825-3.342 µmol/g Cr) and third tertiles ( ≥ 3.343 µmol/g Cr) were 0.69 (0.49-0.97) and 0.47(0.33-0.68), respectively, Ptrend<0.01.High levels of cruciferous vegetables or ITC consumption were associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer (all P trend <0.05).

CONCLUSIONindicated that high levels of dietary ITC exposure might reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Brassicaceae ; Case-Control Studies ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Isothiocyanates ; urine ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors

Objective To investigate the psychological situation on people who experienced after earthquake in yushu ,the rela-tives far away from the earthquake ,rescue workers ,the general population far away from the earthquake zone .From investigation to provide powerful evidence for the crisis intervention .Methods PTSD Checklist (PCL-C) ,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) ,Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) ,Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)were used on the victims to survey different groups of people in different stages .Results The detection rate of PTSD ,anxiety ,depression about different groups of people in different stages were different ,The detection rate of PTSD ,anxiety ,depression and SCL-90 factor scores in the same crowd as the time went on showed a downward trend .The detection rate of PTSD ,anxiety ,depression and SCL-90 factor scores in different people showed a downward trend with the increase of distance from the hypocenter .Conclusion There are different degrees of psychological problems to differ-ent groups of people in different stages ,we should strengthen psychological intervention efforts to improve the ability to stress e-vents .

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.24.026

Objective To evaluate the prevalence and potential risk factors for pulmonary hypertension in the elderly hospitalized patients. Methods1093 elderly hospitalized patients aged (80.8 ± 9.8) years were examined by Doppler echocardiography for evaluating pulmonary hypertension which defined by pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP)≥40 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).The relative clinical testing data were collected. Results 115 patients (10.5％) of the elderly patients were diagnosed as pulmonary hypertension.The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients aged 85-100 years was 16.4％ (82/500),which was higher than in other ages. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis,age (OR=1.085,95％CI=1.025-1.148,P=0.005),left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (OR =3.954,95 ％ CI =1.812-8.627,P=0.001 ),internal diameter of right ventricle (OR=1.271,95％CI=1.112-1.452,P=0.000) and internal diameter of left atrium (OR=1.100,95％CI=1.013-1.194,P=0.023) were risk factors for pulmonary hypertension.ConclusionsThe prevalence of pulmonary hypertension is high in the elderly hospitalized patients,especially those aged 85 years and over,complicated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and enlargement of right ventricle and left atrium.