ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of action of Huangqi Chifengtang （HQCFT） on rats with atherosclerosis （AS） by regulating the gut microbiota and their metabolites. MethodsA rat model of AS was induced through high-fat diet feeding and vitamin D₃ injection， and the modeling lasted for 12 weeks. Fifty eight-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups： A blank group， a model group， a group receiving a low dose of HQCFT at 1.53 g·kg^-1 （HQCFT-L group）， a group receiving a high dose of HQCFT at 3.06 g·kg^-1 （HQCFT-H group）， and a group receiving atorvastatin calcium tablets at 1.8 mg·kg^-1 （Ato group）， with 10 rats in each group. Oral gavage administration started on the day after model establishment， once daily for four weeks. The efficacy of HQCFT was verified using aortic hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and determination of lipid levels and hemorrheology. The real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used for detecting inflammatory factor levels in the aorta， high-throughput sequencing for analyzing the gut microbiota composition in intestinal contents， targeted metabolomics for detecting short-chain fatty acid （SCFA） levels， and non-targeted metabolomics for identifying metabolomic profiles of intestinal contents. ResultsCompared with that in the blank group， the aortic tissue of rats in the model group showed significant AS lesions， including endothelial damage， inflammatory infiltration， and formation of fibrous plaques and calcified foci. Moreover， serum triacylglycerol （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） levels were significantly elevated （P<0.05）， while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） levels were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. Significant increases were observed in whole blood viscosity， plasma viscosity， and the mRNA expression levels of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 （NLRP3）， Caspase-1， interleukin （IL）-β， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in aortic tissue （P<0.05）. Additionally， gut microbiota composition， SCFA levels， and metabolomic profiles were significantly altered. Compared with those in the model group， serum TC， TG， and LDL-C levels， as well as the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity， were significantly reduced in all groups treated with HQCFT （P<0.05）. Significant decreases were observed in NLRP3 mRNA expression levels in all groups treated with HQCFT， Caspase-1， IL-β， and IL-6 mRNA expression levels in the HQCFT-H group， and TNF-α mRNA expression levels in the HQCFT-L group （P<0.05）. HQCFT reversed the increase in the F/B ratio and dialled back the decrease in the relative abundance of Blautia and the increase in that of Desulfovibrio. HQCFT promoted the production of acetic acid， valeric acid， and propionic acid. Non-targeted metabolomics identified 39 differential metabolites， which were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways such as arachidonic acid metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis. ConclusionThe mechanism by which HQCFT ameliorates AS injury may be related to the improvement of dyslipidemia and body inflammatory responses by altering gut microbiota composition， promoting SCFA production， and regulating the levels of metabolites in intestinal contents.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of action of Huangqi Chifengtang （HQCFT） on rats with atherosclerosis （AS） by regulating the gut microbiota and their metabolites. MethodsA rat model of AS was induced through high-fat diet feeding and vitamin D₃ injection， and the modeling lasted for 12 weeks. Fifty eight-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups： A blank group， a model group， a group receiving a low dose of HQCFT at 1.53 g·kg^-1 （HQCFT-L group）， a group receiving a high dose of HQCFT at 3.06 g·kg^-1 （HQCFT-H group）， and a group receiving atorvastatin calcium tablets at 1.8 mg·kg^-1 （Ato group）， with 10 rats in each group. Oral gavage administration started on the day after model establishment， once daily for four weeks. The efficacy of HQCFT was verified using aortic hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and determination of lipid levels and hemorrheology. The real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used for detecting inflammatory factor levels in the aorta， high-throughput sequencing for analyzing the gut microbiota composition in intestinal contents， targeted metabolomics for detecting short-chain fatty acid （SCFA） levels， and non-targeted metabolomics for identifying metabolomic profiles of intestinal contents. ResultsCompared with that in the blank group， the aortic tissue of rats in the model group showed significant AS lesions， including endothelial damage， inflammatory infiltration， and formation of fibrous plaques and calcified foci. Moreover， serum triacylglycerol （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） levels were significantly elevated （P<0.05）， while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） levels were significantly reduced （P<0.05）. Significant increases were observed in whole blood viscosity， plasma viscosity， and the mRNA expression levels of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 （NLRP3）， Caspase-1， interleukin （IL）-β， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in aortic tissue （P<0.05）. Additionally， gut microbiota composition， SCFA levels， and metabolomic profiles were significantly altered. Compared with those in the model group， serum TC， TG， and LDL-C levels， as well as the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity， were significantly reduced in all groups treated with HQCFT （P<0.05）. Significant decreases were observed in NLRP3 mRNA expression levels in all groups treated with HQCFT， Caspase-1， IL-β， and IL-6 mRNA expression levels in the HQCFT-H group， and TNF-α mRNA expression levels in the HQCFT-L group （P<0.05）. HQCFT reversed the increase in the F/B ratio and dialled back the decrease in the relative abundance of Blautia and the increase in that of Desulfovibrio. HQCFT promoted the production of acetic acid， valeric acid， and propionic acid. Non-targeted metabolomics identified 39 differential metabolites， which were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways such as arachidonic acid metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis. ConclusionThe mechanism by which HQCFT ameliorates AS injury may be related to the improvement of dyslipidemia and body inflammatory responses by altering gut microbiota composition， promoting SCFA production， and regulating the levels of metabolites in intestinal contents.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of surveillance cases in a sentinel hospital for pertussis in Jiangxi Province in 2019, and to provide corresponding references for the prevention and control of pertussis. MethodsCase investigation of pertussis was conducted among sentinel hospital surveillance cases, collecting their basic information, epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, and other information. ResultsA total of 125 pertussis surveillance cases were investigated in 2019, including 73 clinically diagnosed cases (58.40%) and 52 confirmed cases (41.60%). The age of onset was mainly concentrated in children under 5 years old (108 cases, 86.40%), with the largest number of cases in infants aged less than 1-year-old (48 cases, 38.40%). Most cases had a history of receiving pertussis vaccine before onset (110 cases, 88.00%), and the intervals between the onset date and the date of last dose of pertussis vaccine in the 1‒2 doses group were significantly shorter than that in the 3‒4 doses group (U=-5.990, P<0.001). Probable household transmission of pertussis was found in 3 cases. All cases had cough symptoms, mainly manifested as whooping cough (77 cases, 61.60%), in addition to other main clinical manifestations, such as fever (76 cases, 60.80%), vomiting (30 cases, 24.00%), conjunctival congestion (27 cases, 21.60%), and inspiratory whoop (16 cases, 12.80%). A total of 73 cases (58.40%) experienced complications, including 1 death case. All the cases had multiple medical visit experiences before this visit, with an interval of 2 (0,3) days between the onset date and the first visit date. The misdiagnosis rate at the first medical visit was 88.00% (110/125), and the misdiagnosis rate of the first visit in secondary and primary hospitals was significantly higher than that in tertiary hospitals, exhibiting a statistically significant difference (χ²=21.582, P<0.001). ConclusionThe clinical symptoms of pertussis cases are often atypical, and the first diagnosis is prone to misdiagnosis, so it’s necessary to further strengthen the early diagnosis capabilities for pertussis cases in healthcare institutions, especially in the primary healthcare institutions.

Background Hebei Province is located in the North China Plain. In view of the influence of geological background and the acute and chronic hazards caused by excessive drinking water toxicological indicators, coupled with the large coverage of water supply in urban areas and the existence of self-built water supply facilities, it is necessary to understand the drinking water sanitation status in urban areas and conduct health risk assessment. Objective To investigate main indicators affecting the compliance rate of drinking water quality in urban areas of Hebei and evaluate the chronic non-carcinogenic risks of 11 chemicals. Methods The collection, preservation, and testing of 14299 samples of finished water, tap water, and secondary water supply in urban areas of Hebei Province from 2017 to 2021 were conducted following the Standard examination methods for drinking water (GB/T 5750—2006). A total of 11 chemicals were evaluated according to the Hygienic standards for drinking water (GB 5749—2006). The chronic non-carcinogenic risks of the 11 chemicals in drinking water by oral exposure were assessed using the four-step health risk assessment model developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Technical guide for environmental health risk assessment of chemical substances (WS/T 777—2021). Results From 2017 to 2021, the compliance rates of arsenic, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, cyanide, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride in drinking water in urban areas of Hebei Province were all 100.00%, and fluoride and nitrate (N) were the main indicators affecting water quality compliance, with compliance rates of 97.68% and 99.53% respectively. The compliance rate of fluoride increased year by year (χ²=178.06, P<0.05), and the concentration showed a downward trend (χ²=563.49, P<0.05). The compliance rate of fluoride in water samples during the wet season was higher than that during the dry season (χ²=5.06, P<0.05). The median concentrations of fluoride and nitrate in drinking water in urban areas of Hebei Province from 2017 to 2021 were 0.36 mg·L⁻¹ and 3.32 mg·L⁻¹, with hazard quotients of 0.15 and 0.05, respectively, both less than 1, suggesting no chronic non-carcinogenic risks, and no significant gender difference was found. The hazard quotient of maximum fluoride concentration was 1.65, which was greater than 1, suggesting chronic non-carcinogenic risks. The chronic non-carcinogenic risks associated with the maximum concentrations of the remaining 10 chemical indicators were all within an acceptable range. Conclusions Nine toxicological indicators in drinking water in urban areas of Hebei Province from 2017 to 2021, except for fluoride and nitrate, are within the national standards. Fluoride and nitrate are the main toxicological indicators that affect the overall compliance rate of water quality, and the chronic non-carcinogenic risks associated with maximum concertration of nitrate and 95% concentration of fluoride are at an acceptable level.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the most common clinical chronic liver disease with a global incidence of about 25%, which could progress to liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and posing a serious threat to human health. At present, China has not approved any therapeutic drugs for marketing, and the research and development of new drugs is imminent. It is difficult to achieve great efficacy with a single medication due to the complex mechanism of NAFLD. The combination of several drugs with different pharmacological mechanisms is an inevitable trend for the future treatment of NAFLD, which is expected to reduce the adverse effects of the drug and play a synergistic effect to produce better efficacy. This paper reviews the latest clinical research progress of NAFLD combined drugs, so as to provide a reference for the subsequent new drug development and clinical rational drugs application of NAFLD.

Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia in electronics factory workers in Wuhan, and to provide evidence for the health protection of electronics factory workers. Methods A total of 1 415 employees in an electronics factory in Wuhan were selected as the research subjects, and the physical examination and determination of various biochemical indicators, as well as questionnaire survey were carried out. Results The detection rate of hyperuricemia among workers in the electronics factory in Wuhan was 32.43%, with 36.33% for men and 14.11% for women, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ²＝46.077，P＜0.001). The detection rate of hyperuricemia was the highest (33.77%) among those with university or college education, followed by graduate students and above (31.50%). Compared with subjects with good lifestyle habits, people with drinking habits had higher hyperuricemia detection rate (49.38%), and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.001). The detection rates of hyperuricemia in those with central obesity and elevated alanine aminotransferase were 48.23% and 61.29%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the subjects without the above diseases (26.91% and 27.21%, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.001). Obese people had the highest detection rate of hyperuricemia (66.95%), followed by overweight people (43.75%), and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that alcohol drinking (OR=1.836, 95% CI=1.139-2.961, P =0.013) and body mass index ≥ 24 kg/m² (OR=2.175, 95% CI=1.686 -2.806, P <0.001) were risk factors for hyperuricemia in electronic factory workers. Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly correlated with hyperuricemia (OR=2.964, 95%CI=2.146-4.095 , P <0.001). Female gender was a protective factor for hyperuricemia in workers in the electronics factory (OR=0.441, 95%CI=0.297-0.653 , P <0.001). Conclusion The detection rate of hyperuricemia among workers in an electronics factory in Wuhan is high, and the detection rate of hyperuricemia in men is higher than that in women. Alcohol consumption, overweight and obesity will increase the risk of hyperuricemia. Elevated ALT is associated with hyperuricemia. Maintaining an ideal body mass index and establishing a good lifestyle play an important role in preventing hyperuricemia.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of Cefazolin sodium for injection， Cefuroxime sodium for injection， and Ceftazidime for injection from nationally organized centralized drug procurement （hereinafter referred to as “centralized procurement”） and non-centralized procurement in patients with bacterial infection. METHODS The case data of hospitalized patients who had used 3 kinds of Cephalosporins for injection from centralized procurement or non-centralized procurement in the treatment of bacterial infections were retrospectively collected from 19 medical institutions in Kunming from January 2020 to September 2022. After balancing the baseline differences between the groups with the propensity score matching method， the effectiveness and safety differences of 3 kinds of Cephalosporins for injection from centralized procurement or non- centralized procurement were compared respectively. RESULTS After balancing the baseline differences among the groups， 394 cases in each group of Cefazolin sodium for injection from centralized procurement or non-centralized procurement， 472 cases in each group of Cefuroxime sodium for injection from centralized procurement or non-centralized procurement， 504 cases in group of Ceftazidime for injection from centralized procurement and 590 cases in group of non-centralized procurement were included in the analysis. In terms of effectiveness， there were no significant differences in clinical response rate， 72 h response rate， bacterial clearance rate， and the recovery rate of body temperature， white blood cell count， neutrophil count， neutrophil percentage， C-reactive protein， procalcitonin recovery between the centralized procurement group and non-centralized procurement group of Cefazolin sodium for injection and Cefuroxime sodium for injection （P＞0.05）. The proportion of patients in centralized procurement group of Ceftazidime for injection with C-reactive protein restored to normal reference range was significantly higher than that in non-centralized procurement group （46.9% vs. 27.9%， P＜0.05）， but there were no statistically significant differences in other effectiveness indicators among groups （P＞0.05）. In terms of safety， there was no statistical difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between centralized procurement group and non-centralized procurement group of 3 kinds of Cephalosporins for injection （P＞0.05）； the incidence of platelet count reduction in centralized procurement group of Cefazolin sodium for injection was significantly higher than non-centralized procurement group （20.7% vs. 7.1%， P＜0.05）， the incidence of eosinophilia elevation in centralized procurement group of Ceftazidime for injection was significantly higher than non-centralized procurement group （5.3% vs. 1.9%， P＜0.05）. In addition， there was no statistically significant difference in the abnormal rates of other laboratory indicators among the three types of injection Cephalosporins （P＞ 0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of 3 kinds of Cephalosporin for injection from centralized procurement is not inferior to non- centralized procurement varieties， and the safety is equivalent to that of non-centralized procurement varieties.

Objective In order to determine the incidence and mortality of uterine body cancer in Gansu province in 2019,the epidemic characteristics and the change trend of incidence and death from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed.Methods The quality control qualified data in Gansu province tumor registration center were used,uterine body cancer in urban and rural,age-specific inci-dence(mortality),the China standardized rate by Chinese population,the World standardized rate by World population,cumulative rate,crude incidence(mortality),composition ratio and rank,average annual percentage change(AAPC)and other indicators were calculated.Results In 2019,uterine body cancer in Gansu province ranked the seventh in the incidence of female malignant tumors,with a crude incidence of 4.43/100,000,the China standardized incidence was 3.28/100,000,and the World standardized incidence was 3.19/100,000.In 2019,uterine body cancer in Gansu province ranked the sixth among the mortality of female malignant tumors,with the crude mortality of 0.56/100,000,the China standardized mortality was 0.36/100,000,and the World standardized mortality was 0.35/100,000.The peak of morbidity(mortality)was in the age range of 50 to 54 years old.From 2010 to 2019,the incidence of uterine body cancer in Gansu province showed an overall upward trend.The China standardized incidence was AAPC=4.34%(95%CI:1.60%-7.15%),with a statistically significant trend(P<0.05);The mortality of uterine body cancer showed a fluctuating pat-tern of first rising,then decreasing,and increasing again,showing an overall downward trend.The China standardized mortality was AAPC=-11.35%(95%CI:-26.77%-7.32%),and the trend was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The incidence(mortali-ty)in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas.Conclusion The overall incidence of uterine body cancer in Gansu province is on the rise,and the death is on the decline.However,mortality in rural areas is on the rise.It is recommended to vigorously promote women′s health science popularization and education throughout the province,strictly implement the comprehensive measures of"early detection,early diagnosis,early treatment",and focus on the prevention and control of women aged 50-54,especially strengthening the early diagnosis and treatment of uterine body cancer in rural areas.

Traditional in vitro models have inevitable limitations and there are significant differences in assessing drug efficacy and side effects as compared to human trials.Organ-on-a-chip technology simulates human organs in a physiological environment and functional chip with a high fidelity physiological or pathophysiological level,offering great innovative prospects for drug development.This paper mainly introduces the research progress and application of organ chip from the perspective of various systems in vivo.At the same time,the limitations of the current devel-opment process of organ chip and the future development direction are proposed.

More and more in-depth tumor mechanism research and clinical precision treatment have put forward higher requirements for the technology for the establishment of tumor models.More and more tumor organoids have been applied.This model is able to reproduce the genomic,transcriptome,proteome and other omics features of pa-rental tumors without heterogeneity found in cell line models.Based on these characteristics,tumor organoids have gradually become a representative preclinical model,facilitating the translation of new research results and precision treatment of patients.This article summarizes the latest progress of tumor organoids on R&D of technology and appli-cation,focusing on the current methods of establishing tumor organoids,opportunities and challenges in clinical and research application.