Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of cerebroprotein hydrolysate (CH) -Ⅰ on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its mechanism.Methods:Eighty adult healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, CH-Ⅰ intervention group and cerebrolysin (CBL) positive control group. The model of ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by temporarily occluding the left middle cerebral artery with suture-occluded method. The CH-Ⅰ and CBL groups intraperitoneally injected with CH-Ⅰ and CBL at 0, 3, 6 and 12 h after reperfusion at the dose of 20 mg/kg. The sham operation group and the model group were injected with the same volume of normal saline. At 24 h after reperfusion, the behavior changes of the rats were detected by the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). The volume of cerebral infarction was detected by TTC staining. The morphology and structure of neurons in ischemic cortex were observed by Nissl staining. The apoptosis of neurons in ischemic cortex was detected by TUNEL staining. The expression changes of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) 1/2, phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pMEK) 1/2, phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the ischemic cortex were detected by Western blot.Results:At 24 h after reperfusion, the mNSS score and cerebral infarct volume in the model group were significantly higher and larger than those in the sham group (all P<0.001). The mNSS scores and cerebral infarct volumes in the CH-Ⅰ and CBL groups were significantly reduced compared with those in the model group (all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the CH-Ⅰ group and the CBL group. Nissl and TUNEL staining showed that the degenerative cell index and apoptotic cell index in the CH-Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in the model group (all P<0.01), but there were no significant difference between the CH-Ⅰ group and the CBL group. Western blot analysis showed that compared with the sham operation group, the pMEK1/2, pERK1/2 and pCREB expressions in ischemic cortex were significantly enhanced and the BDNF expression was significantly attenuated in the model group ( P<0.05). Compared with the model group, pMEK1/2, pERK1/2, and pCREB expressions in the CH-Ⅰ group were significantly decreased (all P<0.05), and the BDNF expression was significantly increased ( P<0.05). Conclution:CH-Ⅰ can reduce cerebral infarct volume and improve neurological function, and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of the MEK-ERK-CREB pathway as well as the enhancement of BDNF expression.

In recent years, clinical research has developed rapidly in China and gradually converged with international standards. The importance of ethics education in clinical research for clinical medical postgraduates has become increasingly prominent. From the purpose of promoting the ethics education of clinical medical postgraduates, this paper expounded the significance of carrying out the ethics education of clinical research for clinical medical postgraduates, analyzed the current situation and problems of the ethics education of clinical research for domestic postgraduates, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening the ethics education of clinical medical postgraduates. Specifically, this included increasing the degree of attention and rationally allocating teaching resources; paying attention to the transformation of theory into practice, and increasing the relevant curriculum; defining the training objectives, and conducting the staged cross-cultivation; adopting various teaching methods, and improving the training effect; utilizing clinical research practice to develop the ethics ability of clinical research.

The smoking cessation rate of 1 314 people at high risk of lung cancer in the area of lung cancer screening and early diagnosis and early treatment in Sichuan Province increased from 22.37% at baseline to 41.78% after screening (χ2=227.97, P<0.001), and the smoking amount of persistent smokers decreased from 20 cigarettes per day to 15 cigarettes per day ( t=11.76, P<0.001). Those with positive results in lung cancer screening were more likely to quit smoking or continue to quit smoking. Male, younger age or lower education level would increase the risk of continuous smoking or relapse ( P<0.05).

The smoking cessation rate of 1 314 people at high risk of lung cancer in the area of lung cancer screening and early diagnosis and early treatment in Sichuan Province increased from 22.37% at baseline to 41.78% after screening (χ2=227.97, P<0.001), and the smoking amount of persistent smokers decreased from 20 cigarettes per day to 15 cigarettes per day ( t=11.76, P<0.001). Those with positive results in lung cancer screening were more likely to quit smoking or continue to quit smoking. Male, younger age or lower education level would increase the risk of continuous smoking or relapse ( P<0.05).

Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a major infectious complication in patients with hematological malignancies. In this study, we examined 4889 courses of chemotherapy in patients with hematological diseases to establish a training dataset (n = 3500) by simple random sampling to develop a weighted risk score for proven or probable IFD through multivariate regression, which included the following variables: male patients, induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed or relapsed disease, neutropenia, neutropenia longer than 10 days, hypoalbuminemia, central-venous catheter, and history of IFD. The patients were classified into three groups, which had low (0-10, ~1.2%), intermediate (11-15, 6.4%), and high risk ( > 15, 17.5%) of IFD. In the validation set (n = 1389), the IFD incidences of the groups were ~1.4%, 5.0%, and 21.4%. In addition, we demonstrated that antifungal prophylaxis offered no benefits in low-risk patients, whereas benefits were documented in intermediate (2.1% vs. 6.6%, P = 0.007) and high-risk patients (8.4% vs. 23.3%, P = 0.007). To make the risk score applicable for clinical settings, a pre-chemo risk score that deleted all unpredictable factors before chemotherapy was established, and it confirmed that anti-fungal prophylaxis was beneficial in patients with intermediate and high risk of IFD. In conclusion, an objective, weighted risk score for IFD was developed, and it may be useful in guiding antifungal prophylaxis.

Objective: To investigate the level of the core knowledge and related factors of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in the upper gastrointestinal cancer screening areas of Sichuan Province in 2018. Methods: From April to May 2018, a total of 1 386 residents from Chaotian District of Guangyuan, Enyang District of Bazhong, Nanjiang County of Bazhong, Cangxi County of Guangyuan, Shehong County of Suining, Yilong County of Nanchong, Xichong County of Nanchong and Xuanhan County of Dazhou were recruited in this study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect basic demographic characteristics and the knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. The level of the core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment of different population was analyzed. A multivariate linear regression model was performed to analyze the related factors. Results: In total, 80.9% (1 120) of all subjects was 25-64 years old and 48.0% (665) were male. The total number of questions answered by the subjects was 18 018, of which 12 147 were known, and the overall awareness rate among the respondents was 67.42%. The female respondents, respondentsaged 65 years old and over, with junior college education or above, and worked in government institutions had a good performance of the core knowledge (P<0.05), about 70.11% (6 571/9 373), 69.23% (387/559), 76.05% (6 327/8 320), and 77.09% (5 602/7 267) respectively. The results of multivariate linear regression showed that the older the age [β=0.871 (95%CI: 0.623-1.119)], the higher the educational level [β=0.741 (95%CI: 0.540-0.943)], the more questions respondents could know; compared with the workers in government organization and institution, workers in enterprise [β=-2.913 (95%CI:-3.499--2.327)], farming workers [β=-0.635 (95%CI:-1.175--0.095)] and other occupation people [β=-1.126 (95%CI:-1.663--0.589)] could know fewer questions. Conclusion In 2018, the level of the core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in upper gastrointestinal cancer screening areas of Sichuan Province was relatively high. Age, education level and occupation were relevant factors.

Objective To investigate the level of the core knowledge and related factors of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in the upper gastrointestinal cancer screening areas of Sichuan Province in 2018. Methods From April to May 2018, a total of 1 386 residents from Chaotian District of Guangyuan, Enyang District of Bazhong, Nanjiang County of Bazhong, Cangxi County of Guangyuan, Shehong County of Suining, Yilong County of Nanchong, Xichong County of Nanchong and Xuanhan County of Dazhou were recruited in this study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect basic demographic characteristics and the knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. The level of the core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment of different population was analyzed. A multivariate linear regression model was performed to analyze the related factors. Results In total, 80.9% (1 120) of all subjects was 25-64 years old and 48.0% (665) were male. The total number of questions answered by the subjects was 18 018, of which 12 147 were known, and the overall awareness rate among the respondents was 67.42%. The female respondents, respondentsaged 65 years old and over, with junior college education or above, and worked in government institutions had a good performance of the core knowledge (P<0.05), about 70.11% (6 571/9 373), 69.23% (387/559), 76.05% (6 327/8 320), and 77.09% (5 602/7 267) respectively. The results of multivariate linear regression showed that the older the age [β=0.871 (95%CI:0.623-1.119) ], the higher the educational level [β=0.741 (95%CI : 0.540-0.943) ], the more questions respondents could know; compared with the workers in government organization and institution, workers in enterprise [β=-2.913 (95%CI :-3.499--2.327) ], farming workers [β=-0.635 (95%CI :-1.175--0.095) ] and other occupation people [β=-1.126 (95%CI: -1.663- -0.589) ] could know fewer questions. Conclusion In 2018, the level of the core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in upper gastrointestinal cancer screening areas of Sichuan Province was relatively high. Age, education level and occupation were relevant factors.

Objective To investigate the level of the core knowledge and related factors of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in the upper gastrointestinal cancer screening areas of Sichuan Province in 2018. Methods From April to May 2018, a total of 1 386 residents from Chaotian District of Guangyuan, Enyang District of Bazhong, Nanjiang County of Bazhong, Cangxi County of Guangyuan, Shehong County of Suining, Yilong County of Nanchong, Xichong County of Nanchong and Xuanhan County of Dazhou were recruited in this study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect basic demographic characteristics and the knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. The level of the core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment of different population was analyzed. A multivariate linear regression model was performed to analyze the related factors. Results In total, 80.9% (1 120) of all subjects was 25-64 years old and 48.0% (665) were male. The total number of questions answered by the subjects was 18 018, of which 12 147 were known, and the overall awareness rate among the respondents was 67.42%. The female respondents, respondentsaged 65 years old and over, with junior college education or above, and worked in government institutions had a good performance of the core knowledge (P<0.05), about 70.11% (6 571/9 373), 69.23% (387/559), 76.05% (6 327/8 320), and 77.09% (5 602/7 267) respectively. The results of multivariate linear regression showed that the older the age [β=0.871 (95%CI:0.623-1.119) ], the higher the educational level [β=0.741 (95%CI : 0.540-0.943) ], the more questions respondents could know; compared with the workers in government organization and institution, workers in enterprise [β=-2.913 (95%CI :-3.499--2.327) ], farming workers [β=-0.635 (95%CI :-1.175--0.095) ] and other occupation people [β=-1.126 (95%CI: -1.663- -0.589) ] could know fewer questions. Conclusion In 2018, the level of the core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in upper gastrointestinal cancer screening areas of Sichuan Province was relatively high. Age, education level and occupation were relevant factors.