Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the leading cause of respiratory failure with high morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary surfactant (PS)-based complementary therapies have exhibited potential for ARDS healing and applied as an adjunctive therapy strategy. Coacervate (Coac) has the characteristics of softness, deformability and excellent molecular enrichment properties, and has attracted extensive attention in the biomedical field. Here PS and coacervate were combined for the potential ARDS treatment. The Coac, fabricated from polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by simple mixing, exhibited soft droplet property and high enrichment for dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP). To avoid the fusion effect of membraneless coacervate and endow it with biological functions of PS, liposomes with PS-biomimetic lipid components (PS-lipo) were further introduced to construct PS-biomimetic membranized coacervate (DSP@PS-Coac). The DSP@PS-Coac demonstrated high lung targeting effect and significant penetration efficiency after intravenous injection. Furthermore, PS-lipo replenished the endogenous PS pool and facilitated the distribution of DSP in inflammatory cells in the lung. In the ARDS mouse model, PS-Coac and DSP exerted synergetic anti-inflammatory functions, via reducing the recruitment of inflammatory neutrophils and modulating macrophages into anti-inflammatory phenotype. The overall results confirmed that DSP@PS-Coac may provide a promising delivery option for the treatment of ARDS.

Objective To preliminarily design a wide-energy-spectrum CR-39 solid-state nuclear track individual neutron dosimeter with different energy sections. Methods The thickness of the converter was optimized using the Monte Carlo SRIM program to broaden the energy range of the dosimeter. The self-made wide-energy-spectrum CR-39 individual neutron dosimeter was calibrated using ²⁴¹Am-Be, ²⁵²Cf, and thermal neutron sources to evaluate its dosimetric performance, including linearity, energy response, and neutron energy resolution. Results The linear correlation coefficient of the measurement system exceeded 0.98. The relative deviations of the energy response were 35.0% for blank section and 42.0% for polyethylene section, falling within the range of −50% to + 100% and meeting the monitoring requirements. The detection sensitivity for thermal neutron dose was 67 137.2 tr·cm⁻²·mSv⁻¹, and the detection sensitivity for thermal neutron fluence was 0.98 × 10⁻³ tr·n⁻¹, demonstrating good thermal neutron detection capability. Conclusion The self-made wide-energy-spectrum CR-39 individual neutron dosimeter fundamentally meets the requirements for individual neutron dose monitoring and is suitable for individual neutron dose monitoring in the energy range of thermal neutrons (up to approximately 15 MeV).

African swine fever(ASF)caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV)is a febrile,hem-orrhage and highly fatal infectious disease in pigs,which poses a serious threat to the global pig in-dustry.Currently,no vaccine is available for the prevention and control of ASF,and several ASF vaccines,including gene deletion attenuated live vaccines,live vector vaccines,and subunit vaccines are under the development stage in the laboratory research.As one of the most promising vaccines,live vector vaccine has the characteristic of safety and simulation of the pathogen natural infection to effectively stimulate the innate and adaptive immune responses,which becomes one of the hotspots in the research and development of novel ASF vaccines.This review focuses on the pro-gress in using modified viruses as vectors for ASF live vector vaccines,and aims to provide valua-ble information for future development of safe and effective ASF vector vaccines.

African swine fever(ASF)caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV)is a febrile,hem-orrhage and highly fatal infectious disease in pigs,which poses a serious threat to the global pig in-dustry.Currently,no vaccine is available for the prevention and control of ASF,and several ASF vaccines,including gene deletion attenuated live vaccines,live vector vaccines,and subunit vaccines are under the development stage in the laboratory research.As one of the most promising vaccines,live vector vaccine has the characteristic of safety and simulation of the pathogen natural infection to effectively stimulate the innate and adaptive immune responses,which becomes one of the hotspots in the research and development of novel ASF vaccines.This review focuses on the pro-gress in using modified viruses as vectors for ASF live vector vaccines,and aims to provide valua-ble information for future development of safe and effective ASF vector vaccines.

Objective:To study on anti-osteoporosis effect of different extracts of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata on zebrafish.Methods:Three kinds extracts of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata, anthraquinone and stilbene glycosides and the removal of anthraquinone and stilbene glycosides were prepared. Prednisolone was used to construct the osteoporosis model of young zebrafish. Normal control group, model group, disodium etidronate group and low-, medium- and high-dosage groups of different extracts of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata were set up. Alizarin red staining was used to investigate the mineralized skull area and bone density of juvenile zebrafish in each group. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) kits were used to detect the activity of osteoblast and osteoclast enzymes in zebra larvae. The qRT PCR method was used to detect the mRNA expressions of osteoporosis related genes Runx2b, col1a2, sparc, and vdrb in each group of zebrafish.Results:Compared with model group, the skull mineralized area and bone mineral density in different extracts of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata significantly increased ( P<0.01). Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata, anthraquinone and stilbene glycosides and the removal of anthraquinone and stilbene glycosides (medium- and high-dosage) could significantly increase the AKP activity of zebrafish ( P<0.01), and lower the TRAP activity of zebrafish ( P<0.01); the mRNA expression levels of Runx2b, col1a2, sparc and vdrb in juvenile zebrafish osteoporosis model were significantly up-regulated by different extracts of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata. ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata, Anthraquinone and stilbene glycosides and the removal of anthraquinone and stilbene glycosides show better anti-osteoporosis effects. The comparison of the efficacy of three extracts from Polygonum multiflorum shows that in addition to anthraquinone and stilbene glycosides, other chemical components of Polygonum multiflorum have anti-osteoporosis effects.

Objective:To investigate the value of multimodal ultrasound features combined with peripheral blood inflammatory cell ratios in evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer.Methods:A total of 106 breast cancer patients diagnosed and treated with NAC at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from May 2021 to April 2024 were retrospectively collected, resulting in the conclusion of 61 patients (61 masses) in the study. All patients underwent multimodal ultrasound and peripheral blood routine examinations before NAC and after two cycles of NAC treatment. The patients were divided into a major histological response (MHR) group and a non-major histological response (NMHR) group as indicators for evaluating NAC efficacy. The differences in multimodal ultrasound features and inflammatory cell ratios before NAC and after two cycles of NAC treatment between the MHR and NMHR groups were compared. Binary logistic multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the independent predictors of NAC efficacy in breast cancer. ROC curves were plotted to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of predicting NAC efficacy.Results:Among the 61 breast masses, 25 (40.98%) were in the MHR group, and 36 (59.02%) were in the NMHR group.Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that the change rate of maximum tumor diameter after the second cycle (ΔD 2), change rate of vascular index after the second cycle (ΔVI 2), change rate of elastic strain ratio after the second cycle (ΔE-Strain 2), change rate of reverse imaging score after the second cycle (ΔI-imaging score 2), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) before NAC were independent predictors of NAC efficacy ( OR=1.145, P=0.019; OR=1.055, P=0.016; OR=1.036, P=0.033; OR=1.276, P=0.016; OR=1.054, P=0.047). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the combined diagnosis of the above parameters was 0.928 (95% CI=0.866~0.990), with a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 91.7%. Conclusions:The combination of ΔD 2, ΔVI 2, ΔE-Strain 2, ΔI-imaging score 2 and PLR before NAC has high clinical application value for early prediction of NAC efficacy in breast cancer.

AIM:To analyze the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe(PCNE)classification system used for evaluating the drug related problems(DRPs)of tacrolimus concentration fluctuations in kidney transplant recipients.METHODS:Kidney transplant recipients were selected as the study subjects,who experienced fluctuations in tacrolim-us blood concentrations and clinical pharmacist in-tervention during outpatient follow-up.PCNE(9.0)classification system was used to evaluate the DRPs of tacrolimus.And the DRP problems,causes,inter-vention plans,acceptance and status were ana-lyzed.RESULTS:A total of 700 kidney transplant re-cipients were enrolled from July 2019 to December 2021,and 1014 DRPs were found.The problems of DRPs included the occurrence of adverse drug events(P2.1,60.16％)and poor treatment out-comes(P1.2,39.84％);The main reasons included dosage selection(C3,43％),others(C9,38.4％),and drug selection(C1,9.41％);Clinical pharmacists ac-tively intervened at the recipient level(I2,98.92％)and drug level(I3,1.08％);The acceptance rate of the intervention plan(A1.1+A1.3)reached 98.62％,and the complete implementation rate(A1.1)reached 72.09％;79.29％of DPRs were fully or par-tially resolved(O1.1 and O2.1).CONCLUSION:Clini-cal pharmacists can use PCNE to evaluate tacrolim-us therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)related DRPs,help standardize TDM pharmaceutical ser-vice models,standardize TDM abnormal result in-terpretation and intervention workflows,and pro-mote safe and rational drug utilization.

AIM:In this study,bioinformatics tech-nology was used to explore the differentially ex-pressed genes in antibody-mediated rejection after renal transplantation,and to screen out the possi-ble mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of AMR-related miRNAs after renal transplantation,in order to provide new idea for the targeted thera-py of AMR after transplantation.METHODS:The dataset GSE115816 was downloaded from the GEO database,and the differential expression of miR-NAs in stable renal transplantation(SGF)group and the antibody-mediated rejection(AMR)group after renal transplantation was analyzed online by using DESeq 2R software.TargetScan software predicted the related targets of miRNAs,and the differential-ly expressed genes(DEGs)were analyzed through through gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis and Kyoto gene and genome encyclopedia(KEGG)enrichment analysis,then key genes were screened by String database and Cytoscape,and finally veri-fied by TargetScan online analysis.RESULTS:A total of 10 differentially expressed miRNAs were identi-fied in the AMR group by comparison with the SGF group,with the most significant difference in ex-pression of miR-144-5p.A total of 143 miR-144-5p related targets were predicted by Targetscan soft-ware.GO analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in angiogenesis,synaptic signaling,and transcriptional co-activator regulation.KEGG analy-sis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in the thyroid hormone signaling pathway,human papillo-mavirus infection,and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.The 10 Hug genes were screened by PPI network.Based on the 6 algorithms in cytoHubba,5 key genes were obtained by taking the intersection of the top 10 Hug genes of each algorithm,which were NCOA2,NCOA1,FOXO1,PAX3,and PPARGC1A.After the literature review,we found that FoxO1 plays an essential role in immune sys-tem diseases and kidney diseases.In our study,we chose FoxO1 as a potential target protein for miR-144-5p.Finally,TargetScan online analysis showed that miR-144-5p has a targeted binding site with the 3'UTR region of FoxO1.CONCLUSION:MiR-144-5p plays an important role in AMR after Kidney transplantation.MiR-144-5p targeting FoxO1 may be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for AMR.

AIM:To analyze the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe(PCNE)classification system used for evaluating the drug related problems(DRPs)of tacrolimus concentration fluctuations in kidney transplant recipients.METHODS:Kidney transplant recipients were selected as the study subjects,who experienced fluctuations in tacrolim-us blood concentrations and clinical pharmacist in-tervention during outpatient follow-up.PCNE(9.0)classification system was used to evaluate the DRPs of tacrolimus.And the DRP problems,causes,inter-vention plans,acceptance and status were ana-lyzed.RESULTS:A total of 700 kidney transplant re-cipients were enrolled from July 2019 to December 2021,and 1014 DRPs were found.The problems of DRPs included the occurrence of adverse drug events(P2.1,60.16％)and poor treatment out-comes(P1.2,39.84％);The main reasons included dosage selection(C3,43％),others(C9,38.4％),and drug selection(C1,9.41％);Clinical pharmacists ac-tively intervened at the recipient level(I2,98.92％)and drug level(I3,1.08％);The acceptance rate of the intervention plan(A1.1+A1.3)reached 98.62％,and the complete implementation rate(A1.1)reached 72.09％;79.29％of DPRs were fully or par-tially resolved(O1.1 and O2.1).CONCLUSION:Clini-cal pharmacists can use PCNE to evaluate tacrolim-us therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)related DRPs,help standardize TDM pharmaceutical ser-vice models,standardize TDM abnormal result in-terpretation and intervention workflows,and pro-mote safe and rational drug utilization.

AIM:In this study,bioinformatics tech-nology was used to explore the differentially ex-pressed genes in antibody-mediated rejection after renal transplantation,and to screen out the possi-ble mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of AMR-related miRNAs after renal transplantation,in order to provide new idea for the targeted thera-py of AMR after transplantation.METHODS:The dataset GSE115816 was downloaded from the GEO database,and the differential expression of miR-NAs in stable renal transplantation(SGF)group and the antibody-mediated rejection(AMR)group after renal transplantation was analyzed online by using DESeq 2R software.TargetScan software predicted the related targets of miRNAs,and the differential-ly expressed genes(DEGs)were analyzed through through gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis and Kyoto gene and genome encyclopedia(KEGG)enrichment analysis,then key genes were screened by String database and Cytoscape,and finally veri-fied by TargetScan online analysis.RESULTS:A total of 10 differentially expressed miRNAs were identi-fied in the AMR group by comparison with the SGF group,with the most significant difference in ex-pression of miR-144-5p.A total of 143 miR-144-5p related targets were predicted by Targetscan soft-ware.GO analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in angiogenesis,synaptic signaling,and transcriptional co-activator regulation.KEGG analy-sis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in the thyroid hormone signaling pathway,human papillo-mavirus infection,and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.The 10 Hug genes were screened by PPI network.Based on the 6 algorithms in cytoHubba,5 key genes were obtained by taking the intersection of the top 10 Hug genes of each algorithm,which were NCOA2,NCOA1,FOXO1,PAX3,and PPARGC1A.After the literature review,we found that FoxO1 plays an essential role in immune sys-tem diseases and kidney diseases.In our study,we chose FoxO1 as a potential target protein for miR-144-5p.Finally,TargetScan online analysis showed that miR-144-5p has a targeted binding site with the 3'UTR region of FoxO1.CONCLUSION:MiR-144-5p plays an important role in AMR after Kidney transplantation.MiR-144-5p targeting FoxO1 may be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for AMR.