This study analyzed soil-transmitted nematode infection surveillance data for children 3-9 years of age in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023,to provide a scientific basis for control strategies for soil-transmitted nematode infections in children in the province.Since 2016,according to the requirements of the National Schistosomiasis and Soil-transmitted Nematode Surveillance Program(Trial),several counties and districts in Shaanxi Province were selected as surveillance sites every year.According to geo-graphical position,the surveillance sites were divided into five areas:east,west,south,north and middle,and one administrative vil-lage(community)was selected in each area for monitoring.The eggs of soil-transmitted nematodes(hookworm,Ascaris lumbricoides,Trichuris trichiura,and Enterobius vermicularis)were detected with the Kato-Katz technique in children 3-9 years of age at each sur-veillance site,and the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis were detected again with the cellophane tape anal swab method.The infection rate and intensity for E.vermicularis were calculated.Detection was performed in 12 462 children 3-9 years old at 75 surveillance sites in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023;84 cases of soil-borne nematode infections were detected,and the overall infection rate was 0.67%.The infection rates for Ascaris lumbricoides and E.vermicularis were 0.18%(22/12 462)and 0.50%(62/12 462),respec-tively,and the infection rates for Trichuris trichiura and hookworm were not found.The infection rates of soil-transmitted nematodes in children were 1.28%(16/1 250),0.16%(2/1 252),1.25%(17/1 365),1.20%(18/1 494),0.17%(2/1 169),1.45%(20/1 382),0.00,and 0.36%(9/251),respectively.A linear trend was observed among years(χ2=11.973,P<0.001).The infection rates in the Weifen Basin ecological region,Loess Plateau ecological region,and Qinba Mountains ecological region were 0.51%,1.19%,and 0.72%,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=9.726,P=0.008).Significant differences in infection rates were observed among scattered children(1.63%),preschool children(0.66%),and students(0.57%)(χ2=11.189,P=0.004).No significant differences in infection rates were observed by gender,age,and education level.Compared with the infection rates in the entire country and other provinces,the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes among children in Shaanxi Province was low,and the main infection species were Ascaris lumbricoides and E.vermicularis.The infection rates greatly varied within Shaanxi Prov-ince,possibly because of differences in economic development levels,children′s living habits,and personal hygiene status across re-gions.In the future,comprehensive control measures should be taken to strengthen the monitoring and control of key areas,popula-tions,and parasite species.

Objective:To learn about the epidemic characteristics and temporal-spatial trends of human anthrax in Shaanxi Province, and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and control of anthrax.Methods:The epidemic data of human anthrax in Shaanxi Province from 1955 to 2024 were collected for descriptive epidemiological analysis. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of anthrax incidence rate. The trend at all times and different intervals were estimated by average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change (APC), respectively. Based on the number of human anthrax cases in each county (district) of Shaanxi Province from 1980 to 2024, datasets were constructed in segments every five years for global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis.Results:From 1955 to 2024, a total of 3 900 cases of human anthrax were reported in Shaanxi Province, with 124 deaths. The average annual incidence rate was 0.18/100 000 and the fatality rate was 3.18%. The incidence rate of human anthrax generally showed a downward trend (AAPC = - 3.21, t = - 1.99, P = 0.044), with the fastest decline rate from 1977 to 1993 (APC = - 15.24, t = - 4.08, P < 0.001). A temporal and regional distribution analysis was conducted on 484 human anthrax cases in Shaanxi Province from 1980 to 2024. The peak period of incidence was from July to September, accounting for 52.27% (253/484). The cities with a relatively high number of reported cases were Weinan City (201 cases), Xianyang City (161 cases), and Xi'an City (77 cases), accounting for a total of 90.70% (439/484). A population distribution analysis was conducted on 93 human anthrax cases in Shaanxi Province from 2005 to 2024, with 73 males (78.49%) and 20 females (21.51%), resulting in a male to female ratio of 3.65 ∶ 1.00. The age range was 13 to 79 years old, with a median of 44 years old. The age group of 35 to 59 years old had a higher case of the disease, accounting for 65.59% (61/93). Farmers were the main occupation, accounting for 87.10% (81/93). The shortest time interval between onset and diagnosis of 93 human anthrax cases was 0 days, the longest was 47 days, and the median was 5 days. The results of global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that there was spatial positive correlation in human anthrax cases from 1980 to 1984, 1985 to 1989, 2000 to 2004, and 2020 to 2024 (global Moran's I > 0, Z > 1.96, P < 0.05). The results of local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the high-high aggregation area of human anthrax cases was concentrated in the Guanzhong region. Conclusions:From 1955 to 2024, the incidence rate of human anthrax in Shaanxi Province generally shows a downward trend. The peak period of incidence is from July to September, and the affected populations are mainly middle-aged male farmers. Human anthrax cases from 1980 to 1984, 1985 to 1989, 2000 to 2004 and 2020 to 2024 show spatial clustering, with high-high clustering areas concentrated in the Guanzhong region.

Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics and trends of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Shaanxi Province, and provide a basis for formulating control strategies.Methods:The information on VL cases in Shaanxi Province from January 2012 to December 2024 were obtained from the Shaanxi Provincial Infectious Disease Reporting Management System, and demographic data were collected from the Shaanxi Statistical Yearbook. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the prevalence and the distribution by the three dimensions (time, region, and population). Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 software and Geoda 1.6 software were used for regression analysis and spatial clustering analysis, respectively. SuperMap 8C software was used for visualization.Results:From January 2012 to December 2024, a total of 304 cases of VL were reported in Shaanxi Province, with an annual incidence rate of 0.06/100 000. VL cases occurred in all months of the year in Shaanxi Province with no significant seasonality, yet the onset was predominantly concentrated from April to August(52.30%, 159/304). The majority of cases were male (61.51%, 187/304), aged 5 months to 4 years (17.11%, 52/304), and farmers (67.11%, 204/304). A total of 54 districts (counties, cities) of 10 cities in the province had reported cases, mainly concentrated in Weinan City (49.34%, 150/304). Joinpoint regression analysis revealed a significant overall upward trend in the VL incidence rate in Shaanxi Province from 2012 to 2024 [average annual percent change (AAPC) = 12.60%, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 6.01% - 19.62%, t = 3.95, P < 0.001]. The year 2020 was identified as a turning point in the trend. The incidence rate showed a rapid upward trend from 2012 to 2020 [annual percent change (APC) = 23.75%, 95% CI: 13.33% - 35.12%, t = 5.62, P < 0.001]. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated significant positive spatial autocorrelation in VL incidence in 2012, 2014, 2015, 2018, and 2022 (Moran's I > 0, Z > 1.96, P < 0.05). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis identified 12 "high-high" clustering areas from 2012 to 2024, mainly located in Shangluo City in southern Shaanxi Province, and Weinan City and Yan'an City in northern Shaanxi Province. Conclusions:From 2012 to 2024, VL cases in Shaanxi Province are predominantly male farmers. The incidence of VL shows an overall upward trend, with significant spatial clustering. The prevention and control situation is severe. It is imperative to strengthen control measures, including vector disinfection and health education, to effectively control the spread and transmission of VL.

Objective To understand the serologic prevalence and infection status of Cytomegalovirus(CMV)in children aged 0～1 years,and explore the risk factors of CMV infection for clinical reference.Methods The data of 4 938 children aged 0～1 years who underwent chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for TORCH in Department of Inpatient and Department of Pediatrics Outpatient of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Inner Mongolia from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed to understand the seroprevalence of human CMV(HCMV)among children in the region,and analyzed the risk factors associated with HCMV infections by combining the results of laboratory tests and clinical information.Results In 4 938 children,the total antibody positivity rate was 94.01%(4 642/4 938),the total IgG antibody positivity rate was 93.86%(4 635/4 938),the total IgM antibody positivity rate was 8.10%(400/4 938),and the positive rate of the two simultaneous detections was 7.96%(393/4 938).The difference in HCMV-IgG and HCMV-IgM antibodies positivity rates beteen different age groups were statistically significant(χ2=36.350,1 043.199,all P<0.05),and the differences in HCMV-IgG and IgM antibodies between boys and girls were not statistically significant(χ2=0.215,1.184,all P＞0.05).According to univariate analysis,the breast-feeding and vaginal delivery rates in the infected group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences in feeding and birth methods were statistically significant(χ2=10.777,5.725,all P<0.05).Multifactorial analysis found that breast-feeding and transvaginal delivery were independent risk factors for HCMV infection,and the differences was statistically significant(Wald χ2=6.247,10.057,all P<0.05).Conclusion The serologic antibody positivity rate of HCMV in children within 1 year of age is as high as 94.01%,and infants aged 3 months to 6 months are most susceptible to infection.Breastfeeding and transvaginal delivery are independent risk factors for HCMV infection in children within 1 year of age.

The cultivation of innovation ability is not only the essential requirement of graduate education,but also the strate-gic demand of the development of the communist party and our country,and is of great significance to the realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Curriculum ideology and politics should run through the whole process of post-graduate innovation ability training.However,the curriculum ideology and politics and postgraduate innovation ability training lack deep integration.It's important for postgraduates'growth and scientific research innovation that the curriculum ideology and politics covers the whole process of scientific research activities.Therefore,this paper focuses on the design and specific implementation schemes of the curriculum ideology and politics on the postgraduate innovative ability training at the respiratory disease research team in the department of medical immunology.It makes a basis for optimizing postgraduate curriculum ideology and politics teaching in the future,which also provides ideas for cultivating innovative talents with both morality and ability in medical specialty.

This study analyzed soil-transmitted nematode infection surveillance data for children 3-9 years of age in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023,to provide a scientific basis for control strategies for soil-transmitted nematode infections in children in the province.Since 2016,according to the requirements of the National Schistosomiasis and Soil-transmitted Nematode Surveillance Program(Trial),several counties and districts in Shaanxi Province were selected as surveillance sites every year.According to geo-graphical position,the surveillance sites were divided into five areas:east,west,south,north and middle,and one administrative vil-lage(community)was selected in each area for monitoring.The eggs of soil-transmitted nematodes(hookworm,Ascaris lumbricoides,Trichuris trichiura,and Enterobius vermicularis)were detected with the Kato-Katz technique in children 3-9 years of age at each sur-veillance site,and the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis were detected again with the cellophane tape anal swab method.The infection rate and intensity for E.vermicularis were calculated.Detection was performed in 12 462 children 3-9 years old at 75 surveillance sites in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023;84 cases of soil-borne nematode infections were detected,and the overall infection rate was 0.67%.The infection rates for Ascaris lumbricoides and E.vermicularis were 0.18%(22/12 462)and 0.50%(62/12 462),respec-tively,and the infection rates for Trichuris trichiura and hookworm were not found.The infection rates of soil-transmitted nematodes in children were 1.28%(16/1 250),0.16%(2/1 252),1.25%(17/1 365),1.20%(18/1 494),0.17%(2/1 169),1.45%(20/1 382),0.00,and 0.36%(9/251),respectively.A linear trend was observed among years(χ2=11.973,P<0.001).The infection rates in the Weifen Basin ecological region,Loess Plateau ecological region,and Qinba Mountains ecological region were 0.51%,1.19%,and 0.72%,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=9.726,P=0.008).Significant differences in infection rates were observed among scattered children(1.63%),preschool children(0.66%),and students(0.57%)(χ2=11.189,P=0.004).No significant differences in infection rates were observed by gender,age,and education level.Compared with the infection rates in the entire country and other provinces,the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes among children in Shaanxi Province was low,and the main infection species were Ascaris lumbricoides and E.vermicularis.The infection rates greatly varied within Shaanxi Prov-ince,possibly because of differences in economic development levels,children′s living habits,and personal hygiene status across re-gions.In the future,comprehensive control measures should be taken to strengthen the monitoring and control of key areas,popula-tions,and parasite species.

Objective To understand the serologic prevalence and infection status of Cytomegalovirus(CMV)in children aged 0～1 years,and explore the risk factors of CMV infection for clinical reference.Methods The data of 4 938 children aged 0～1 years who underwent chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for TORCH in Department of Inpatient and Department of Pediatrics Outpatient of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Inner Mongolia from January 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed to understand the seroprevalence of human CMV(HCMV)among children in the region,and analyzed the risk factors associated with HCMV infections by combining the results of laboratory tests and clinical information.Results In 4 938 children,the total antibody positivity rate was 94.01%(4 642/4 938),the total IgG antibody positivity rate was 93.86%(4 635/4 938),the total IgM antibody positivity rate was 8.10%(400/4 938),and the positive rate of the two simultaneous detections was 7.96%(393/4 938).The difference in HCMV-IgG and HCMV-IgM antibodies positivity rates beteen different age groups were statistically significant(χ2=36.350,1 043.199,all P<0.05),and the differences in HCMV-IgG and IgM antibodies between boys and girls were not statistically significant(χ2=0.215,1.184,all P＞0.05).According to univariate analysis,the breast-feeding and vaginal delivery rates in the infected group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences in feeding and birth methods were statistically significant(χ2=10.777,5.725,all P<0.05).Multifactorial analysis found that breast-feeding and transvaginal delivery were independent risk factors for HCMV infection,and the differences was statistically significant(Wald χ2=6.247,10.057,all P<0.05).Conclusion The serologic antibody positivity rate of HCMV in children within 1 year of age is as high as 94.01%,and infants aged 3 months to 6 months are most susceptible to infection.Breastfeeding and transvaginal delivery are independent risk factors for HCMV infection in children within 1 year of age.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of compound sabal berry tablets on overactive bladder symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia after transurethral laser enucleation of the prostate.Methods:This study was a prospective study. Eighty patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent laser enucleation at Tongliao People's Hospital from January 2024 to December 2024 were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into a study group and a control group using the random number table method, with 40 patients per group. The control group received 0.2 mg of tolterodine tartrate tablets twice a day after surgery. The study group was given compound sabal berry tablets (0.5 g orally three times a day) in addition to the treatment provided to the control group. Both groups of patients were treated for 4 weeks after surgery. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared, including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), Maximum Postoperative Urinary Flow Rate (Qmax), Post-Void Residual (PVR), and the incidence of postoperative bladder irritative symptoms.Results:The differences in the preoperative indicators, including IPSS, OABSS, Qmax, and PVR, between the two groups were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). Preoperatively, in the control group, Qmax was (8.64 ± 2.83) mL/s, IPSS was (25.10 ± 4.37), OABSS was (10.52 ± 1.87), and PVR was (80.70 ± 6.34) mL; in the study group, the respective values were (9.12 ± 2.95) mL/s, (24.60 ± 4.53), (10.83 ± 1.73), and (80.10 ± 5.61) mL. Postoperatively, in the control group, Qmax was (20.30 ± 3.65) mL/s, IPSS was (8.50 ± 1.58), OABSS was (4.09 ± 0.52), and PVR was (9.70 ± 2.48) mL, while in the study group, the respective values were (21.40 ± 4.38) mL/s, (7.40 ± 1.76), (1.71 ± 0.36), and (9.00 ± 1.75) mL. Postoperatively, both groups showed a significant increase in Qmax, while IPSS, OABSS, and PVR all significantly decreased (all P < 0.05). Postoperatively, the IPSS and OABSS in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = -3.28, -25.89, both P < 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in Qmax and PVR between the two groups (both P > 0.05). The incidence of bladder irritative symptoms in the study group [12.50% (5/40)] was significantly lower than that in the control group [35.00% (14/40), χ2 = 8.64, P < 0.05]. Conclusions:Compound sabal berry tablets can reduce postoperative prostate symptoms and overactive bladder symptoms in patients undergoing transurethral laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia, demonstrating a certain clinical efficacy.

Objective:To integrate implicit templates with deep learning techniques, a novel neural network, the tooth-deformable deep implicit network (T-DDIN), was constructed to achieve high-precision shape completion of tooth defects in a personalized manner.Methods:A total of 550 intraoral scan models were collected from patients treated at the Department of Orthodontics and Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University (500 for training and 50 for testing), between March 2022 and March 2024. T-DDIN reconstructed defective tooth morphology using an implicit template and a latent encoding prediction network. During model evaluation, Class Ⅱ cavity defects and occlusal wear defects were simulated in the test set. Morphological restoration was performed using both traditional computer aided design (CAD) methods and the T-DDIN deep learning approach. The two methods were compared based on three-dimensional deviation, occlusal adjustment volumes, cusp angle deviation, and restoration time.Results:The T-DDIN group demonstrated significantly lower three-dimensional deviation for Class Ⅱ cavity defects and occlusal wear restoration [(0.14±0.05) and (0.16±0.09) mm], occlusal adjustment volumes [(0.44±0.03) and (0.49±0.03) mm 3], and difference value of the tooth cusp angles (5.69°±1.90° and 6.04°±0.53°) compared to the traditional CAD group (both P<0.001). No significant differences were observed within the T-DDIN group between the two defect types in terms of three-dimensional deviation ( P=0.098) or occlusal adjustment volume ( P=0.154) or difference value of the tooth cusp angles ( P=0.196). However, in the traditional CAD group, three-dimensional deviation, occlusal adjustment volume and difference value of the tooth cusp angles was significantly higher in occlusal wear restorations than in Class Ⅱ cavity defects restorations ( P<0.001). The T-DDIN group, which involved Class Ⅱ cavity defects and occlusal wear, demonstrated significantly less recovery time of morphology (37.2±7.7) and (39.4±6.2) s compared to the traditional CAD group ( P<0.001). Conclusions:T-DDIN demonstrated superior stability and accuracy in morphological reconstruction for various types of dental defects while significantly reducing restoration time.

Objective To investigate the association between remnant cholesterol(RC)and clinicopatho-logical parameters in patients with IgA nephropathy(IgAN),and to assess the clinical significance of RC in the progression and management of IgAN.Methods A total of 366 patients with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of IgAN were consecutively enrolled in this retrospective study.Clinical and pathological data were systematically collected,and RC was calculated.Participants were stratified into two groups according to the median RC value.Baseline characteristics were compared between these groups.The association between RC and the presence of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis(T1/2 lesions)in IgAN patients was evaluated using binary logistic regression,restricted cubic spline(RCS)analysis,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis,and subgroup analyses.Results In this study,the high-RC group exhibited significantly higher levels of body weight,body mass index(BMI),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C),uric acid(UA),complement 3(C3),and 24-hour urinary protein,as well as lower levels of albumin(ALB),estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),compared to the low-RC group.Patients with T1/2 lesions showed elevated levels of SBP,DBP,TC,non-HDL-C,UA,24-hour urinary protein,and RC,along with reduced levels of hemoglobin(Hb),ALB,and eGFR,relative to those with T0 lesions.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that increased RC and decreased eGFR were independent risk factors for the presence of T1/2 lesions in patients with IgAN(P<0.05).RCS analysis revealed a linear association between RC and the likelihood of T1/2 lesions(non-linearity P=0.343).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)for a predictive model incorporating RC,Hb,UA,and eGFR was 0.833,indicating good discriminative ability.Subgroup analyses consistently demonstrated a significant associa-tion between RC and the risk of T1/2 lesions,with no statistically significant interactions observed across subgroups(all P>0.05).Conclusion RC can reflect the severity of both clinical and pathological manifestations in patients with IgAN,making RC monitoring a potentially valuable tool for assessing disease progression in clinical practice.