Abstract: The differential expression and subcellular localization of single-cell proteins are closely related to the physiological state and pathological mechanisms of the body. The development of single-cell protein in situ imaging methods provides powerful tools for spatial single-cell proteomics research and single-cell protein profiling. This article summarizes the single-cell protein imaging methods developed in recent years, including the circulating immunofluorescence imaging methods based on ordered multi-round antibody incubation, mass spectrometry imaging based on metal element labeled antibodies, fluorescence imaging based on DNA-barcoded antibody, gene encoded fluorescence protein imaging and spectral imaging based on Raman spectroscopy or X-ray spectroscopy, with brief explanation of the imaging principles of these methods. It focuses on the multiple performance, imaging resolution and signal amplification performance of these methods, and analyzes their application characteristics in practical scientific research and clinical work, in the hope of providing some reference for the development of more revolutionary single-cell imaging methods, and promoting the development of biomedical and precision medicine.

Epigenomic imbalance drives abnormal transcriptional processes,promoting the onset and progression of cancer.Although defective gene regulation generally affects carcinogenesis and tumor suppression networks,tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses may also be affected by epigenomic changes,which may have significant implications for the development and application of epigenetic therapy,cancer immunotherapy,and their combinations.Herein,we focus on the impact of epigenetic regulation on tumor immune cell function and the role of key abnormal epigenetic processes,DNA methylation,histone post-translational modification,and chromatin structure in tumor immunogenicity,and introduce these epigenetic research methods.We emphasize the value of small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic modulators in enhancing antitumor immune responses and discuss the challenges of developing treatment plans that combine epigenetic therapy and immuno-therapy through the complex interaction between cancer epigenetics and cancer immunology.

OBJECTIVES: Primary tumor treatment through surgical resection and adjuvant therapy has been extensively studied, but there is a lack of effective strategies and drugs for the treatment of tumor metastases. Here, we describe a functional product based on a combination of compounds, which can be used as an adjuvant therapy and has well-known mechanisms for inhibiting cancer metastases, improving anti-cancer treatment, and enhancing immunity and antioxidant capacity. Our designed combination, named MVBL, consists of four inexpensive compounds: L-selenium-methylselenocysteine (MSC), D-‍α‍-tocopheryl succinic acid (VES), β‍-carotene (β‍-Ca), and L-lysine (Lys). METHODS: The effects of MVBL on cell viability, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, cell migration, cell invasion, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and paclitaxel (PTX)-combined treatment were studied in vitro. The inhibition of tumor metastasis, antioxidation, and immune enhancement capacity of MVBL were determined in vivo. RESULTS: MVBL exhibited higher toxicity to tumor cells than to normal cells. It did not significantly affect the cell cycle of cancer cells, but increased their apoptosis. Wound healing, adhesion, and transwell assays showed that MVBL significantly inhibited tumor cell migration, adhesion, and invasion. MVBL sensitized MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells to PTX, indicating that it can be used as an adjuvant to enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy drugs. In mice, experimental data showed that MVBL inhibited tumor metastasis, prolonged their survival time, and enhanced their antioxidant capacity and immune function. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the roles of MVBL in improving immunity and antioxidation, preventing tumor growth, and inhibiting metastasis in vitro and in vivo. MVBL may be used as an adjuvant drug in cancer therapy for improving the survival and quality of life of cancer patients.
Mice ; Animals ; beta Carotene ; Lysine/pharmacology* ; Antioxidants/pharmacology* ; Quality of Life ; Paclitaxel/pharmacology* ; Apoptosis ; alpha-Tocopherol ; Succinates/pharmacology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Neoplasms

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias, associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, and it places a significant burden on both individuals and society. Anti-arrhythmic drugs are the most commonly used strategy for treating AF. However, drug therapy faces challenges because of its limited efficacy and potential side effects. Catheter ablation is widely used as an alternative treatment for AF. Nevertheless, because the mechanism of AF is not fully understood, the recurrence rate after ablation remains high. In addition, the outcomes of ablation can vary significantly between medical institutions and patients, especially for persistent AF. Therefore, the issue of which ablation strategy is optimal is still far from settled. Computational modeling has the advantages of repeatable operation, low cost, freedom from risk, and complete control, and is a useful tool for not only predicting the results of different ablation strategies on the same model but also finding optimal personalized ablation targets for clinical reference and even guidance. This review summarizes three-dimensional computational modeling simulations of catheter ablation for AF, from the early-stage attempts such as Maze III or circumferential pulmonary vein isolation to the latest advances based on personalized substrate-guided ablation. Finally, we summarize current developments and challenges and provide our perspectives and suggestions for future directions.

To investigate psychological characteristics in different clinical subgroups of insomniacs, and to provide the basis for the accurate simplification of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.
 Methods: A total of 212 insomniacs from November 2014 to June 2017 in Clinical Psychology Department or Sleep Department of 2 general hospitals in Hunan Province were included in convenient and classified into sleep onset insomnia (SOI), difficulty maintaining insomnia (DMI), early morning awakening insomnia (EMAI), and combined insomnia (CI) subgroups. Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale 16 version (DBAS-16), Sleep-Related Behavior Questionnaire (SRBQ), Pre-sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to investigate the psychological characteristics.
 Results: SOI and CI insomniacs had a higher frequency in use of sleep-related behavior than those with DMI; CI had a higher frequency in use of sleep-related behavior than those with EMAI (all P<0.05). Both SOI and CI insomniacs had a higher level of pre-sleep cognitive arousal than DMI and EMAI (all P<0.05). CI insomniacs noticed more consequences of insomnia and had more worries on insomnia than DMI, and CI insomniacs had more expectations of sleep than SOI (all P<0.05).
 Conclusion: Insomniacs with different clinical subgroups have different features of psychological characteristics. Both the insomnia subgroups and the psychological characteristics should be taken into account when we simplify cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) precisely.
Anxiety ; Arousal ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ; Humans ; Sleep ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To investigate the relationship between trait mindfulness( TM) and rumina-tion,as well as the mediating effects of experiential avoidance(EA) and thought suppression(TS) in under-graduates. Methods A sample of 1 219 undergraduates was recruited to complete Mindful Attention Aware-ness Scale,Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Ⅱ,the White Bear Suppression Inventory and Rumination Response Style Questionnaire. Results (1) The significant positive correlations of each two different fac-tors were found among experiential avoidance (18. 020±7. 446),thought suppression (47. 769±10. 011) and rumination (47. 668±10. 497),and the correlation coefficients were 0. 466,0. 546 and 0. 525 respectively, all P<0. 01. TM (64. 977± 9. 623) was found to be significantly related with EA ( r=-0. 450),TS ( r=-0. 424) and rumination (r=-0. 527),all P<0. 01. (2) Partially mediating effect of EA ( effect value=-0. 132) and TS (effect value=-0. 073) were both found in TM and rumination,and the proportion of these two effects were 25. 0% and 13. 9%,respectively. The chain mediating effect of EA and TS (effect value=-0. 042 ) was also found between TM and rumination, whose indirect effect size was 8. 0%. Conclusion The relationship between TM and rumination in undergraduates can be mediated by EA and TS respectively,as well as their chain effect.

Objective: To explore the association between excite seeking personality and alcohol use, and provide reference basis for intervention measures of drinking behavior. Methods: Totally 5966 college students in 8universities [2180 males, mean age (20 ± 1) ] were selected from Hunan province by using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. We Chat-based anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted by using general questionnaire, excite-seeking personality scales, alcohol questionnaire, and alcohol use disorders identification test. Results: The rate of 12-month alcohol drinking, binge drinking, hazardous and harmful drinking among college students were 47. 5％, 24. 5％, 7. 4％, respectively. High degree of excite seeking personality had more likelihood to having had alcohol drinking, binge drinking, hazardous and harmful drinking (Ps ＜ 0. 01). Excite seeking personality was an independent risk factor of 12-month alcohol drinking, binge drinking, hazardous and harmful drinking. Conclusion: It suggests that excite-seeking personality may be a related factor of alcohol drinking behavior.

Mindfulness-based psychotherapy, known as the third-wave cognitive behavior therapy, showed a multi-cultural integration trend. As part of it, willing acceptance and commitment therapy not only took root in the discoveries in the fields of evolutionary psychology and cognitive psychology, but also absorbed the concepts of psychotherapy from Chinese traditional culture. As a result, it regards truth and harmony as the essence of health, proposes a triangle model (health/pain-willing acceptance-striving) to elucidate the mechanism of psychopathology and psychotherapy in theory. Operationally, it contains four principles of psychotherapy, which are as follow: "knowing yourself and others, reaction but adequately, reality as well as harmony, willing acceptance and striving". Furthermore, it proposes eight therapeutic procedures including "understand yourself, recognize suffering, check coping style, keep openness and acceptance, mindfulness and flexibility, live in the moment, clarify the value, and commit action". With these principles and procedures, willing acceptance and commitment therapy aims to fade the neural trace of patients' painful memories, improve their psychological flexibility and rebuild their lifestyles consistent with their values.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ; Humans ; Mindfulness ; Stress, Psychological

According to the cognitive behavior theory and meta-cognitive theory of health anxiety, to examine the association between alexithymia, cognition factors or meta-cognition factors and health anxiety.
 Methods: A total of 1 164 medical students were investigated by the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, the Health Cognitions Questionnaire, the Meta-cognitions about Health Questionnaire and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale.
 Results: 1) Correlation analysis showed that alexithymia, dysfunctional beliefs, meta-cognition were significantly positively correlated with health anxiety (r=0.227-0.477, all P<0.01); 2) The results of structural equation model indicated that alexithymia could not exert effects on health anxiety directly (β=-0.05, 95% CI -0.123 to 0.021). The alexithymia could exert effects on health anxiety indirectly not only through dysfunctional beliefs (β=0.192, 95% CI 0.156 to 0.235), but also through the chain-mediated effect of dysfunctional beliefs and meta-cognitions (β=0.103, 95% CI 0.077 to 0.135). Dysfunctional beliefs fully mediated the relation between alexithymia and health anxiety (β=0.247, 95% CI 0.196 to 0.290).
 Conclusion: Alexithymia can affect health anxiety through the mediating effects of dysfunctional beliefs and meta-cognition.
Affective Symptoms ; complications ; Anxiety ; complications ; Culture ; Humans ; Metacognition ; Surveys and Questionnaires