Objective: To address systemic challenges in the blood system, such as supply-demand imbalance, inefficient allocation, and inappropriate clinical use, while bridging gaps in current theories regarding the integration of social mobilization, institutional practice, and policy coordination. It sought to construct a system dynamics model spanning from macro to micro levels to analyze the blood management system holistically. Methods: Key variables were identified by a systematic literature search in both Chinese and English databases. An improved Delphi method was then employed to conduct expert consultations across different fields, leading to the selection and determination of core variable sets for each sub-model. Furthermore, by defining their logical relationships, a system dynamics model was constructed to systematically analyze the operation mechanism of the blood management system. Results: Four core sub-models were developed: 1) A macro "Dynamic Balance" model quantifying regional supply-demand equilibrium and inventory control; 2) a mobilization "Three-Layer Funnel" model analyzing how socio-cultural factors, service channels, and policy incentives influence donation behavior; 3) an institutional "Dual-Cycle Regulation" model revealing hospital blood usage is driven by both disease burden (demand cycle) and management practices (regulation cycle); and 4) an individual "Three-Layer Filter" model standardizing clinical transfusion decisions based on necessity, risk-benefit, and context. These were integrated into a "Multi-Layer Linkage and Feedback" model, elucidating bidirectional interactions among five levels: policy environment, regional supply, blood station mobilization, hospital application, and clinical decision-making. Conclusion: This study constructed a system dynamics model for blood management. By defining key variables and their logical relationships, it systematically analyzes the system′s operational mechanism. The integrated framework connects multiple levels—regional supply, voluntary donation, hospital blood use, and clinical decision-making—revealing their intrinsic linkages. Future efforts should employ systems thinking to synergistically enhance supply-side mobilization, demand-side management, systemic regulation, and decision standardization to build a safe, efficient, and sustainable blood security system.

Objective To explore the effect of the ropivacaine combined with sufentanil on neuropathic pain in rats.Methods The constriction injury method was performed to establish rat neuropathic pain model and 40 neu-ropathic rats were produced in accordance with the above modeling methods,which were divided into group A(ropiva-caine and sufentanil combined administration,n =10),group B(ropivacaine administration,n =10),group C(sufen-tanil administration,n =10)and group D(no administration,n =10).A total of 10 healthy rats without any treatment, the normal feeding,named as group E.At 1,3,7,11,14,21d after operation von -Frey filaments determination of mechanical hyperalgesia(MWT),and the Hargreaves method for the determination of thermal hyperalgesia(TWL) were measured and the ELISA Kit (IL -6 and TNF -α) were used to detect serum IL -6 and TNF -αconcentrations.Results Before and at 1 day after the operation mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia and allergy treatment had no significant difference(all P >0.05).Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia of group A,B and C were significantly lower than those before the treatment and at 1 day after operation(all P <0.05),and mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia of group A was significantly lower than those of group B and C (all P <0.05).The serum IL -6 and TNF -αconcentrations of 7,14 and 21 days in group A were significantly lower than those of group B and C(t =7.10,5.84,9.11,all P <0.05).Conclusion The effects of ropivacaine combined with sufentanil analgesic on neuropathic pain of rats was significantly higher than that of ropivacaine or sufentanil alone in the treatment.

Objective To explore the effect of three-stage Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) rehabilitation on neurological function and motor function in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke. Methods 100 patients with acute cerebral ischemic stroke were randomly divided into experimental group (n=50) and control group (n=50). The three-stage TCM synthesis rehabilitation was used in the experimental group; the 2-week western medicine rehabilitation was used in the control group. The scores of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) were evaluated. Results There was no significance in the scores of NIHSS and FMA between both groups before and 4 weeks after treatment (P>0.05). The score of NIHSS was lower (P<0.01), and the score of FMA was higher (P<0.05) in the experimental group than in the control group in the 12th week. Conclusion Three-stage TCM synthesis rehabilitation can facilitate the recovery of neurological and motor function of patients with acute cerebral ischemic stroke.