Objective To investigate the impact of serine/threonine-protein kinase 1(AKT1)-mediated autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells on their sensitivity to 125I seed irradiation.Methods ① iProX database and STRING12.0 website were utilized to analyze the proteomic data of HCC before and after 125I seed irradiation to explore the differentially expressed proteins and associated functional connections.Meanwhile,The Cancer Genomics Atlas(TCGA)database was employed to analyze the relationship between AKT1 expression level and the survival of HCC patients.② Human HCC cell lines HUH7 and Hep3B were exposed to continuous irradiation from 125I radioactive seeds with an initial apparent activity of 0.8 mCi per seed for approximately 120 h,accumulating a total dose of 8 Gy,while the control cells were cultured under normal condition for 120 h.③ Autophagy inhibitor,chloroquine(CQ)and inducer,rapamycin(RAPA)were used to treat the HCC cells respectively to establish the CQ group and the RAPA group.The lentiviral transfection technique was employed to construct the HCC cells with overexpressed AKT1,namely the AKT1 group.The HCC cells treated in the same way were continuously irradiated with 125I seeds for 120 h to construct the CQ+125I group,the RAPA+125I group,and the AKT1+125I group.④The changes in microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3),p62,AKT1 and p-AKT1 were detected by Western blotting.Cell immunofluorescence assay was employed to observe the expression of autophagy related proteins,such as LC3.The colony forming ability and apoptotic rate were detected with plate cloning assay and flow cytometry.Results ① Continuous irradiation with 125I seeds resulted in decreased expression of p62 and increased ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ(P＜0.05)when compared with the negative control(NC)group.Immunofluorescence assay revealed more green fluorescence spots of LC3.When compared with the 125I group,the CQ+125I group had significantly increased expression of p62(P＜0.01),decreased ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ(P＜0.01),lower apoptotic rate(P＜0.01),and more colony formations(P＜0.01).In contrast,the results in the RAPA+125I group were opposite to those of the CQ+125I group.② Analysis on the iProX database showed that the expression of AKT1 was decreased in the irradiated group,and analysis on the TCGA database indicated that high expression of AKT1 predicted a poor prognosis for HCC patients(P＜0.01).③After irradiation with 125I seeds,the expression of AKT1 at both the RNA and protein levels was decreased in the 125I group(P＜0.01).After overexpression of AKT1,the level of autophagy was decreased(P＜0.05).Irradiation of HCC cells with overexpressed AKT1 using 125I seeds could partially restore the level of autophagy.In the AKT1+125I group,the expression of AKT1,pAKT1 and p62 were all decreased,and the ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰwas increased than the AKT1 group(P＜0.05).④ The apoptotic rate of the AKT1+125I group was lower than that of the 125I group(P＜0.05)and higher than that in the AKT1 group(P＜0.05).In HUH7 cells,the clonogenic ability of the AKT1+125I group was higher than that of the 125I group(P＜0.05).In Hep3B cells,the clonogenic ability of the AKT1+125I group was higher than that of the 125I group,and the clonogenic ability of the AKT1 group was higher than that of the NC group(P＜0.05).Conclusion 125I seed irradiation induce lethal autophagy in HCC cells by reducing the expression of AKT1,providing a new theoretical basis for the implantation of 125I radioactive seeds in the treatment of HCC.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect and safety evaluation of percutaneous tracheotomy and traditional open tracheotomy in patients with severe pulmonary infection in ICU environment.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 patients with severe pulmonary infections admitted to the ICU of Shangqiu First People's Hospital from July 2019 to June 2022 as the subjects of the study.According to the tracheotomy approach,they were divided into the Percutaneous tracheotomy group(n=40)and the Conventional tracheotomy group(n=40).The Conventional tracheotomy group underwent traditional routine tracheotomy,while the Percutaneous tracheotomy group underwent percutaneous tracheotomy;all tracheotomies were performed by the same physician.The two groups were compared based on different tracheotomy techniques,and the surgical incision time,intraoperative blood loss,complete healing indicators were analyzed to evaluate the surgical outcomes and complication rates in each group.RESULTS Compared with the Conventional tracheotomy group,the Percutaneous tracheotomy group significantly reduced surgical time,intraoperative blood loss,and wound healing time after extubating(P<0.05),and the incidence of complications such as difficult cannulation,pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema decreased significantly,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In the BMI subgroup analysis of complications,it was found that in the BMI≥28.0 kg/m2 subgroup,the incidence of casing difficulty and pneumothorax complications in the Percutaneous tracheotomy group was lower than that in the Conventional tracheotomy group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In the 22.0 kg/m2≤BMI<28.0 kg/m2 subgroup and BMI<22.0 kg/m2 subgroup,there was no significant difference in the difficulty of cannulation and pneumothorax complications between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION In ICU patients with severe pneumonia,early percutaneous tracheotomy can significantly reduce intraoperative bleeding blood volume,shorten the time of tracheotomy,especially in patients with BMI≥28.0 kg/m2,which has a lower incidence of complications.Percutaneous tracheotomy is worth promoting in ICU patients with severe lung infection who need tracheotomy.

The incidence rate of suspected adverse events following immunization (AEFI) after single administration of pentavalent recombinant rotavirus attenuated live vaccine (RV5) in Chaoyang District, Beijing City from 2019 to 2021 was 362.3 per 100 000 doses. The incidence rate of AEFI after simultaneous administration with oral polio vaccine (OPV), inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), hepatitis B vaccine (HBV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13-valent (PCV13) was 239.3 per 100 000, 643.4 per 100 000, 346.8 per 100 000, 438.1 per 100 000, and 434.0 per 100 000, respectively. The specific incidence rates for common AEFI symptoms such as fever, local allergic rash, irritability, and vomiting under different vaccination regimens were as follows: RV5 alone (fever: 88.3 per 100 000, rash: 9.1 per 100 000, irritability: 100.5 per 100 000, vomiting: 83.3 per 100 000), RV5 and IPV simultaneous administration (fever: 239.4 per 100 000, rash: 104.7 per 100 000, irritability: 134.7 per 100 000, vomiting: 89.8 per 100 000), RV5 and OPV simultaneous administration (fever: 119.6 per 100 000, rash: 32.6 per 100 000, irritability: 32.6 per 100 000, vomiting: 32.6 per 100 000), RV5 and HBV simultaneous administration (fever: 111.0 per 100 000, rash: 69.4 per 100 000, irritability: 83.2 per 100 000, vomiting: 41.6 per 100 000), RV5 and Hib simultaneous administration (fever: 159.3 per 100 000, rash: 238.9 per 100 000, irritability: 0 per 100 000, vomiting: 39.8 per 100 000), and RV5 and PCV13 simultaneous administration (fever: 142.8 per 100 000, rash: 98.0 per 100 000, irritability: 126.0 per 100 000, vomiting: 25.2 per 100 000).

Background and Aims:Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colorectum(MAC)is a distinct histologic subtype of colorectal cancer characterized by high malignancy and low diagnostic accuracy of preoperative biopsy,posing challenges for clinical decision-making.Given the critical role of the inflammatory microenvironment in tumor progression,this study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model integrating preoperative systemic inflammatory indicators and clinical features to improve the preoperative diagnosis of MAC.Methods:Clinical data of 293 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical resection between June 2017 and June 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China were retrospectively analyzed.Based on postoperative pathology,patients were classified into the mucinous adenocarcinoma(MAC)group and the non-specific adenocarcinoma(AC)group.Propensity score matching(PSM,1∶1)was used to balance age,T stage,and N stage.Differences in preoperative inflammatory indices were compared between groups.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of MAC,which were incorporated into a diagnostic nomogram.The model's discrimination,calibration,and clinical utility were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),calibration plots,and decision curve analysis(DCA).Results:Among the 293 patients,46 had MAC and 247 had AC,with a preoperative colonoscopic diagnostic rate of 54%for MAC.After PSM(43 pairs),platelet count,platelet lymphocyte ratio(PLR),systemic immune inflammation index(SII),inflammation related prognostic index(IPI),and systemic inflammation score(SIS)were significantly higher in the MAC group,while lymphocyte monocyte ratio(LMR)was lower(all P<0.05).Multivariate analysis identified tumor location,maximum tumor diameter,and preoperative IPI as independent predictors.The AUCs of the nomogram in the training(n=206)and validation(n=87)cohorts were 0.759(95%CI=0.662-0.856)and 0.776(95%CI=0.649-0.903),respectively.Calibration plots showed good agreement between predicted and observed probabilities,and DCA demonstrated satisfactory clinical applicability.Conclusion:A nomogram model integrating tumor location,tumor size,and preoperative IPI was successfully developed and validated for preoperative diagnosis of colorectal MAC.This model provides a practical,quantitative tool with good predictive performance to assist clinicians in individualized treatment planning,particularly for patients ineligible for surgical biopsy.

Objective To investigate the relationships of the expression of serum long non-cod-ing RNA FGD5-AS1(lncRNA FGD5-AS1)and microRNA-133b(miR-133b)with clinicopathologi-cal features and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.Methods A total of 85 patients with colorectal cancer were selected and assigned to colorectal cancer group,and postoperative cancer tis-sues and adjacent tissues were obtained.Another 85 healthy individuals who underwent physical ex-aminations were selected as healthy group.The expression levels of lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-133b in the serum of the two groups were compared,and the expression levels of lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-133b in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of patients were also compared.The correlation be-tween the expression levels of lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-133b,as well as their relationships with the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients were analyzed.The influencing factors for the 3-year prog-nosis of patients were screened,and the predictive efficacy of lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-133b for the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer was evaluated.Results The expression level of ser-um lncRNA FGD5-AS1 in the colorectalcancer group was higher than that in the healthy group,while the expression level of miR-133b was lower than that in the healthy group(P＜0.05).In colorectal cancer tissues,the expression level of lncRNA FGD5-AS1 was higher than that in adjacent tissues,and the expression level of miR-133b was lower than that in adjacent tissues(P＜0.05).A negative correlation was observed between the expression of lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-133b in the serum of patients with colorectal cancer(r=-0.402,P＜0.001).The expression levels of se-rum lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-133b in patients were both associated with TNM stage,lymph node metastasis,and depth of tumor invasion(P＜0.05).The 3-year cumulative survival rate of patients with high expression of lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and low expression of miR-133b was lower than that of patients with low expression of lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and high expression of miR-133b,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).LncRNA FGD5-AS1,miR-133b,TNM stage,and lymph node metastasis were all independent influencing factors for the 3-year prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer(P＜0.05).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)for the combined prediction of the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer by serum lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and miR-133b was 0.925,which was greater than the AUC for their individual predictions(P＜0.05).Conclusion High expression of serum lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and low expression of miR-133b are observed in patients with colorectal cancer.The expression lev-els of these two molecules are associated with clinicopathological features and poor prognosis,indica-ting their potential predictive value for the prognosis of patients.

Objective To comprehensively analyze the disease burden of respiratory cancers in China from 1990 to 2021, and predict the trend of disease burden changes from 2022 to 2031, in order to improve its prevention and treatment strategies. Methods Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database were extracted and analyzed for the disease burden of nasopharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, and tracheal, bronchial and lung cancers (hereinafter referred to as lung cancer) in China from 1990 to 2021. The Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 software was utilized to analyze the corresponding trends. The grey prediction model [GM (1,1)] was employed to forecast the disease burden of respiratory cancers in China from 2022 to 2031. Results The disease burden of respiratory cancers attributed to tobacco and occupational carcinogens in China raised from 1990 to 2021. Among the respiratory cancers, lung cancer led in terms of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and their respective age-standardized rates from 1990 to 2021, followed by nasopharyngeal cancer, with laryngeal cancer being the lowest. Analysis via the Joinpoint regression model indicated that, overall, the disease burden of nasopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers in China decreased during this time period, while that of lung cancer increased. From a gender perspective, the disease burden of male patients was significantly higher than that of female patients from 1990 to 2021. Compared to the global average, the disease burden of respiratory cancers in China from 1990 to 2021 was still relatively heavy. As of 2021, the middle-aged and elderly population above 50 years old was the primary group suffering from the disease burden of respiratory cancers in China. The prediction model showed that the age-standardized rate of nasopharyngeal cancer in China would decline from 2022 to 2031; the age-standardized incidence rate of laryngeal cancer in China would increase, while its age-standardized mortality rate and DALY rate would both decrease; the age-standardized rates of lung cancer in China would increase. Conclusion In the past 30 years, the disease burden of nasopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers in China has lightened, but the overall disease burden of lung cancer is still on the rise. Compared to the global average, the disease burden of respiratory cancers in China is still relatively heavy. The disease burden in male patients is significantly higher than that in female patients, and the population above 50 years old is the main group suffering from the disease burden. In the next 10 years, the disease burden of respiratory cancers in China will still tend to increase. Therefore, targeted prevention and treatment strategies for men and the middle-aged and elderly populations remain key challenges that urgently need to be addressed in China's response to respiratory cancers.

Objective To investigate the effects of neurotrophic factor Neuritin overexpression on the angiogenic effects of chicken embryonic allantoic membrane (CAM) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs),and to provide a new direction for the treatment of angiogenic diseases. Methods Thirty fresh yellow-skinned breeding eggs were selected to establish a CAM model,which were divided into three groups by randomized numerical table method:positive control group (bFGF),negative control group (NS) and experimental group (Neuritin),with 10 eggs in each group. The positive control group was loaded with 2500 U/mL of bFGF,the experimental group was loaded with 10 μg/mL of Neuritin protein,and the negative control group was loaded with NS. 10 μL loading volume was loaded into each group,and all CAMs were incubated at the same temperature,relative humidity,and time,and the vascular branching,number,and size of the CAMs in each group were recorded after 72 h of incubation. Fresh umbilical cords from healthy pregnant women were selected to produce primary HUVECs,which were divided into three groups:transfected with recombinant plasmid (HUVEC-neu group),transfected with empty vector (HUVEC-3.1 group),and untransfected (HUVEC group). Primary HUVECs in the HUVEC-neu group were transfected with the recombinant plasmid Neuritin,and those in the HUVEC-3.1 group were transfected with the empty vector. HUVEC-3.1 group was transfected with the empty vector plasmid,and HUVEC group was not given any special treatment,and all three groups received the same culture regimen. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression level of Neuritin in HUVEC-3.1 and HUVEC-neu groups. CCK-8 assay,cell scratch assay,Transwell assay,and tube formation assay were used to detect protein expression level of Neuritin in HUVEC-3.1 group and HUVEC-neu group,and HUVEC-neu groups for cell proliferation,migration and tube formation. Results (1) The number of CAM vessel branch points and microvessels in the experimental group was significantly increased compared with that in the negative control group (P<0.01),but there was no statistically significant difference in the number of large and medium-sized vessels between the two groups (P>0.05);(2) Neuritin was successfully overexpressed in HUVECs in the HUVEC-neu group. (3) Compared with the HUVEC-3.1 group,the proliferation vigor of cells in the HUVEC-neu group was decreased (P<0.05),but their migration and tube formation abilities were significantly enhanced (P<0.01). Conclusion Neuritin overexpression promotes angiogenesis and participates in the regulation of neovascularization by affecting cell prolif-eration,migration,and tube formation ability.

Objective To investigate the role of a novel human-specific long noncoding RNA(lncRNA),MEK6-AS1,and its potential molecular mechanism in improving the osteogenic differentiation of senescent mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).Methods An in vitro human MSCs replicative senescence model was established by sequen-tial passaging,and then senescence was identified by β staining and senescence-related gene expression.RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of MEK6-AS1 during senescence and osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs(hMSCs);Lentiviral knockdown technology was used to regulate the expression of MEK6-AS1 in the MSCs replicative senescence model.Transcriptome sequencing technology was utilized to analyze the effects of MEK6-AS1 on the transcriptome of hMSCs especially on genes and pathways related to osteogenic differentiation.The effect of MEK6-AS1 as an intervention target at osteogenic differentiation of human senescent hMSCs was evaluated with alkaline phosphatase staining microscopy.PCR technology was used to detect osteogenic gene expression levels in cells.Results With aging process,the osteogenic differentiation ability of hMSCs decreased significantly while the expression level of MEK6-AS1 was enhanced(P＜0.000 1).Knockdown of MEK6-AS1 significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by the up-regulating expression of osteogenic markers and increasing minerali-zation capacity(P＜0.001).Conclusions Knockdown of human-specific lncRNA MEK6-AS1 improves osteogenic differentiation of senescent MSCs,providing a new target and theoretical basis for the treatment of senescence-asso-ciated osteoporosis.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a blended teaching model integrating the HBOPPPS framework(Hybrid Bridge-in,Objectives,Pre-assessment,Participatory learning,Post-assessment,Summary)and the"Cloud-based PAD Class"(Presentation-Assimilation-Discussion)in online clinical clerkship teaching for palliative oncology.Methods A self-con-trolled trial was conducted in October 2023,involving 41 undergraduate students majoring in Food Hygiene and Nutrition(Grade 2021)from Kunming Medical University.Phase 1 implemented conventional online teaching(control group),while Phase 2 adopted the"HBOPPPS+Cloud-based PAD Class"blended approach(experimental group).Teaching effectiveness was assessed via post-class examination scores,classroom participation rates,and satisfaction surveys.Results The experimental group dem-onstrated significantly higher outcomes than the control group:examination scores(86.34±4.19 vs.80.02±3.63,P＜0.05),classroom participation(51.2％vs.12.2％,P＜0.05),and teaching satisfaction(95.1％vs.80.5％,P＜0.05).Conclu-sionThe"HBOPPPS+Cloud-based PAD Class"blended teaching model effectively enhances online clinical clerkship outcomes in palliative oncology,significantly improving students' learning initiative,engagement,and classroom participation.

The incidence rate of suspected adverse events following immunization (AEFI) after single administration of pentavalent recombinant rotavirus attenuated live vaccine (RV5) in Chaoyang District, Beijing City from 2019 to 2021 was 362.3 per 100 000 doses. The incidence rate of AEFI after simultaneous administration with oral polio vaccine (OPV), inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), hepatitis B vaccine (HBV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13-valent (PCV13) was 239.3 per 100 000, 643.4 per 100 000, 346.8 per 100 000, 438.1 per 100 000, and 434.0 per 100 000, respectively. The specific incidence rates for common AEFI symptoms such as fever, local allergic rash, irritability, and vomiting under different vaccination regimens were as follows: RV5 alone (fever: 88.3 per 100 000, rash: 9.1 per 100 000, irritability: 100.5 per 100 000, vomiting: 83.3 per 100 000), RV5 and IPV simultaneous administration (fever: 239.4 per 100 000, rash: 104.7 per 100 000, irritability: 134.7 per 100 000, vomiting: 89.8 per 100 000), RV5 and OPV simultaneous administration (fever: 119.6 per 100 000, rash: 32.6 per 100 000, irritability: 32.6 per 100 000, vomiting: 32.6 per 100 000), RV5 and HBV simultaneous administration (fever: 111.0 per 100 000, rash: 69.4 per 100 000, irritability: 83.2 per 100 000, vomiting: 41.6 per 100 000), RV5 and Hib simultaneous administration (fever: 159.3 per 100 000, rash: 238.9 per 100 000, irritability: 0 per 100 000, vomiting: 39.8 per 100 000), and RV5 and PCV13 simultaneous administration (fever: 142.8 per 100 000, rash: 98.0 per 100 000, irritability: 126.0 per 100 000, vomiting: 25.2 per 100 000).