Objective: To address systemic challenges in the blood system, such as supply-demand imbalance, inefficient allocation, and inappropriate clinical use, while bridging gaps in current theories regarding the integration of social mobilization, institutional practice, and policy coordination. It sought to construct a system dynamics model spanning from macro to micro levels to analyze the blood management system holistically. Methods: Key variables were identified by a systematic literature search in both Chinese and English databases. An improved Delphi method was then employed to conduct expert consultations across different fields, leading to the selection and determination of core variable sets for each sub-model. Furthermore, by defining their logical relationships, a system dynamics model was constructed to systematically analyze the operation mechanism of the blood management system. Results: Four core sub-models were developed: 1) A macro "Dynamic Balance" model quantifying regional supply-demand equilibrium and inventory control; 2) a mobilization "Three-Layer Funnel" model analyzing how socio-cultural factors, service channels, and policy incentives influence donation behavior; 3) an institutional "Dual-Cycle Regulation" model revealing hospital blood usage is driven by both disease burden (demand cycle) and management practices (regulation cycle); and 4) an individual "Three-Layer Filter" model standardizing clinical transfusion decisions based on necessity, risk-benefit, and context. These were integrated into a "Multi-Layer Linkage and Feedback" model, elucidating bidirectional interactions among five levels: policy environment, regional supply, blood station mobilization, hospital application, and clinical decision-making. Conclusion: This study constructed a system dynamics model for blood management. By defining key variables and their logical relationships, it systematically analyzes the system′s operational mechanism. The integrated framework connects multiple levels—regional supply, voluntary donation, hospital blood use, and clinical decision-making—revealing their intrinsic linkages. Future efforts should employ systems thinking to synergistically enhance supply-side mobilization, demand-side management, systemic regulation, and decision standardization to build a safe, efficient, and sustainable blood security system.

Objective: To understand the correlation between autistic traits in children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) and their parental behaviors, so as to provide evidence for improving social behavior in children with ASD. Methods: A total of 62 children aged 4-7 years diagnosed with ASD at Guangdong Provincial Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital and Guangzhou Yuexiu District Children s Hospital from October 2021 to May 2025 were selected as the ASD group. A random number table method was used to select 62 healthy children of the same age from 3 ordinary kindergartens in Guangzhou as the control (typically developing,TD) group. The Parental Behavior Inventory and Social Responsiveness Scale were used to evaluate parental behaviors and autistic traits in both groups. The t-test and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between autistic traits in children with ASD and parental behaviors. Results: Compared with the TD group, the ASD group had significantly higher scores in social awareness, social cognition, social communication, social motivation, autistic behavior patterns, and the total score of social responsiveness, with statistically significant differences ( t =35.83, 46.17, 64.36, 41.45, 49.46,101.15, all P <0.01). The score of parental support/participation in the ASD group (24.61±4.30) was lower than that in the TD group (31.27±4.58), while the score of parental hostility/coercion in the ASD group (25.51±2.72) was higher than that in the TD group (12.75±2.72), with statistically significant differences ( t = -8.34, 26.14, both P <0.01). The total score of the Social Responsiveness Scale was negatively correlated with the dimension score of parental support/participation behaviors, and positively correlated with the dimension score of parental hostility/coercion behaviors ( r =-0.60, 0.91,both P <0.05). After adjusting for covariates such as children s age, gender, and primary caregiver, ASD children with exclusive breastfeeding ( β =-8.79) and parental support/participation behaviors ( β = -0.79 ) had a lower risk of autistic traits, while children with parental hostility/coercion behaviors ( β =4.62) had a higher risk of autistic traits (all P <0.05). Conclusion Autistic traits in children with ASD may be related to their parental behaviors and early feeding mode.

Objective To investigate the effects of neurotrophic factor Neuritin overexpression on the angiogenic effects of chicken embryonic allantoic membrane (CAM) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs),and to provide a new direction for the treatment of angiogenic diseases. Methods Thirty fresh yellow-skinned breeding eggs were selected to establish a CAM model,which were divided into three groups by randomized numerical table method:positive control group (bFGF),negative control group (NS) and experimental group (Neuritin),with 10 eggs in each group. The positive control group was loaded with 2500 U/mL of bFGF,the experimental group was loaded with 10 μg/mL of Neuritin protein,and the negative control group was loaded with NS. 10 μL loading volume was loaded into each group,and all CAMs were incubated at the same temperature,relative humidity,and time,and the vascular branching,number,and size of the CAMs in each group were recorded after 72 h of incubation. Fresh umbilical cords from healthy pregnant women were selected to produce primary HUVECs,which were divided into three groups:transfected with recombinant plasmid (HUVEC-neu group),transfected with empty vector (HUVEC-3.1 group),and untransfected (HUVEC group). Primary HUVECs in the HUVEC-neu group were transfected with the recombinant plasmid Neuritin,and those in the HUVEC-3.1 group were transfected with the empty vector. HUVEC-3.1 group was transfected with the empty vector plasmid,and HUVEC group was not given any special treatment,and all three groups received the same culture regimen. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression level of Neuritin in HUVEC-3.1 and HUVEC-neu groups. CCK-8 assay,cell scratch assay,Transwell assay,and tube formation assay were used to detect protein expression level of Neuritin in HUVEC-3.1 group and HUVEC-neu group,and HUVEC-neu groups for cell proliferation,migration and tube formation. Results (1) The number of CAM vessel branch points and microvessels in the experimental group was significantly increased compared with that in the negative control group (P<0.01),but there was no statistically significant difference in the number of large and medium-sized vessels between the two groups (P>0.05);(2) Neuritin was successfully overexpressed in HUVECs in the HUVEC-neu group. (3) Compared with the HUVEC-3.1 group,the proliferation vigor of cells in the HUVEC-neu group was decreased (P<0.05),but their migration and tube formation abilities were significantly enhanced (P<0.01). Conclusion Neuritin overexpression promotes angiogenesis and participates in the regulation of neovascularization by affecting cell prolif-eration,migration,and tube formation ability.

Background and Aims:Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colorectum(MAC)is a distinct histologic subtype of colorectal cancer characterized by high malignancy and low diagnostic accuracy of preoperative biopsy,posing challenges for clinical decision-making.Given the critical role of the inflammatory microenvironment in tumor progression,this study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model integrating preoperative systemic inflammatory indicators and clinical features to improve the preoperative diagnosis of MAC.Methods:Clinical data of 293 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical resection between June 2017 and June 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China were retrospectively analyzed.Based on postoperative pathology,patients were classified into the mucinous adenocarcinoma(MAC)group and the non-specific adenocarcinoma(AC)group.Propensity score matching(PSM,1∶1)was used to balance age,T stage,and N stage.Differences in preoperative inflammatory indices were compared between groups.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of MAC,which were incorporated into a diagnostic nomogram.The model's discrimination,calibration,and clinical utility were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),calibration plots,and decision curve analysis(DCA).Results:Among the 293 patients,46 had MAC and 247 had AC,with a preoperative colonoscopic diagnostic rate of 54%for MAC.After PSM(43 pairs),platelet count,platelet lymphocyte ratio(PLR),systemic immune inflammation index(SII),inflammation related prognostic index(IPI),and systemic inflammation score(SIS)were significantly higher in the MAC group,while lymphocyte monocyte ratio(LMR)was lower(all P<0.05).Multivariate analysis identified tumor location,maximum tumor diameter,and preoperative IPI as independent predictors.The AUCs of the nomogram in the training(n=206)and validation(n=87)cohorts were 0.759(95%CI=0.662-0.856)and 0.776(95%CI=0.649-0.903),respectively.Calibration plots showed good agreement between predicted and observed probabilities,and DCA demonstrated satisfactory clinical applicability.Conclusion:A nomogram model integrating tumor location,tumor size,and preoperative IPI was successfully developed and validated for preoperative diagnosis of colorectal MAC.This model provides a practical,quantitative tool with good predictive performance to assist clinicians in individualized treatment planning,particularly for patients ineligible for surgical biopsy.

Background and Aims:Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colorectum(MAC)is a distinct histologic subtype of colorectal cancer characterized by high malignancy and low diagnostic accuracy of preoperative biopsy,posing challenges for clinical decision-making.Given the critical role of the inflammatory microenvironment in tumor progression,this study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model integrating preoperative systemic inflammatory indicators and clinical features to improve the preoperative diagnosis of MAC.Methods:Clinical data of 293 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical resection between June 2017 and June 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China were retrospectively analyzed.Based on postoperative pathology,patients were classified into the mucinous adenocarcinoma(MAC)group and the non-specific adenocarcinoma(AC)group.Propensity score matching(PSM,1∶1)was used to balance age,T stage,and N stage.Differences in preoperative inflammatory indices were compared between groups.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of MAC,which were incorporated into a diagnostic nomogram.The model's discrimination,calibration,and clinical utility were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),calibration plots,and decision curve analysis(DCA).Results:Among the 293 patients,46 had MAC and 247 had AC,with a preoperative colonoscopic diagnostic rate of 54%for MAC.After PSM(43 pairs),platelet count,platelet lymphocyte ratio(PLR),systemic immune inflammation index(SII),inflammation related prognostic index(IPI),and systemic inflammation score(SIS)were significantly higher in the MAC group,while lymphocyte monocyte ratio(LMR)was lower(all P<0.05).Multivariate analysis identified tumor location,maximum tumor diameter,and preoperative IPI as independent predictors.The AUCs of the nomogram in the training(n=206)and validation(n=87)cohorts were 0.759(95%CI=0.662-0.856)and 0.776(95%CI=0.649-0.903),respectively.Calibration plots showed good agreement between predicted and observed probabilities,and DCA demonstrated satisfactory clinical applicability.Conclusion:A nomogram model integrating tumor location,tumor size,and preoperative IPI was successfully developed and validated for preoperative diagnosis of colorectal MAC.This model provides a practical,quantitative tool with good predictive performance to assist clinicians in individualized treatment planning,particularly for patients ineligible for surgical biopsy.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a blended teaching model integrating the HBOPPPS framework(Hybrid Bridge-in,Objectives,Pre-assessment,Participatory learning,Post-assessment,Summary)and the"Cloud-based PAD Class"(Presentation-Assimilation-Discussion)in online clinical clerkship teaching for palliative oncology.Methods A self-con-trolled trial was conducted in October 2023,involving 41 undergraduate students majoring in Food Hygiene and Nutrition(Grade 2021)from Kunming Medical University.Phase 1 implemented conventional online teaching(control group),while Phase 2 adopted the"HBOPPPS+Cloud-based PAD Class"blended approach(experimental group).Teaching effectiveness was assessed via post-class examination scores,classroom participation rates,and satisfaction surveys.Results The experimental group dem-onstrated significantly higher outcomes than the control group:examination scores(86.34±4.19 vs.80.02±3.63,P＜0.05),classroom participation(51.2％vs.12.2％,P＜0.05),and teaching satisfaction(95.1％vs.80.5％,P＜0.05).Conclu-sionThe"HBOPPPS+Cloud-based PAD Class"blended teaching model effectively enhances online clinical clerkship outcomes in palliative oncology,significantly improving students' learning initiative,engagement,and classroom participation.

The incidence rate of suspected adverse events following immunization (AEFI) after single administration of pentavalent recombinant rotavirus attenuated live vaccine (RV5) in Chaoyang District, Beijing City from 2019 to 2021 was 362.3 per 100 000 doses. The incidence rate of AEFI after simultaneous administration with oral polio vaccine (OPV), inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), hepatitis B vaccine (HBV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13-valent (PCV13) was 239.3 per 100 000, 643.4 per 100 000, 346.8 per 100 000, 438.1 per 100 000, and 434.0 per 100 000, respectively. The specific incidence rates for common AEFI symptoms such as fever, local allergic rash, irritability, and vomiting under different vaccination regimens were as follows: RV5 alone (fever: 88.3 per 100 000, rash: 9.1 per 100 000, irritability: 100.5 per 100 000, vomiting: 83.3 per 100 000), RV5 and IPV simultaneous administration (fever: 239.4 per 100 000, rash: 104.7 per 100 000, irritability: 134.7 per 100 000, vomiting: 89.8 per 100 000), RV5 and OPV simultaneous administration (fever: 119.6 per 100 000, rash: 32.6 per 100 000, irritability: 32.6 per 100 000, vomiting: 32.6 per 100 000), RV5 and HBV simultaneous administration (fever: 111.0 per 100 000, rash: 69.4 per 100 000, irritability: 83.2 per 100 000, vomiting: 41.6 per 100 000), RV5 and Hib simultaneous administration (fever: 159.3 per 100 000, rash: 238.9 per 100 000, irritability: 0 per 100 000, vomiting: 39.8 per 100 000), and RV5 and PCV13 simultaneous administration (fever: 142.8 per 100 000, rash: 98.0 per 100 000, irritability: 126.0 per 100 000, vomiting: 25.2 per 100 000).

Objective To investigate the impact of serine/threonine-protein kinase 1(AKT1)-mediated autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells on their sensitivity to 125I seed irradiation.Methods ① iProX database and STRING12.0 website were utilized to analyze the proteomic data of HCC before and after 125I seed irradiation to explore the differentially expressed proteins and associated functional connections.Meanwhile,The Cancer Genomics Atlas(TCGA)database was employed to analyze the relationship between AKT1 expression level and the survival of HCC patients.② Human HCC cell lines HUH7 and Hep3B were exposed to continuous irradiation from 125I radioactive seeds with an initial apparent activity of 0.8 mCi per seed for approximately 120 h,accumulating a total dose of 8 Gy,while the control cells were cultured under normal condition for 120 h.③ Autophagy inhibitor,chloroquine(CQ)and inducer,rapamycin(RAPA)were used to treat the HCC cells respectively to establish the CQ group and the RAPA group.The lentiviral transfection technique was employed to construct the HCC cells with overexpressed AKT1,namely the AKT1 group.The HCC cells treated in the same way were continuously irradiated with 125I seeds for 120 h to construct the CQ+125I group,the RAPA+125I group,and the AKT1+125I group.④The changes in microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3),p62,AKT1 and p-AKT1 were detected by Western blotting.Cell immunofluorescence assay was employed to observe the expression of autophagy related proteins,such as LC3.The colony forming ability and apoptotic rate were detected with plate cloning assay and flow cytometry.Results ① Continuous irradiation with 125I seeds resulted in decreased expression of p62 and increased ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ(P＜0.05)when compared with the negative control(NC)group.Immunofluorescence assay revealed more green fluorescence spots of LC3.When compared with the 125I group,the CQ+125I group had significantly increased expression of p62(P＜0.01),decreased ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ(P＜0.01),lower apoptotic rate(P＜0.01),and more colony formations(P＜0.01).In contrast,the results in the RAPA+125I group were opposite to those of the CQ+125I group.② Analysis on the iProX database showed that the expression of AKT1 was decreased in the irradiated group,and analysis on the TCGA database indicated that high expression of AKT1 predicted a poor prognosis for HCC patients(P＜0.01).③After irradiation with 125I seeds,the expression of AKT1 at both the RNA and protein levels was decreased in the 125I group(P＜0.01).After overexpression of AKT1,the level of autophagy was decreased(P＜0.05).Irradiation of HCC cells with overexpressed AKT1 using 125I seeds could partially restore the level of autophagy.In the AKT1+125I group,the expression of AKT1,pAKT1 and p62 were all decreased,and the ratio of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰwas increased than the AKT1 group(P＜0.05).④ The apoptotic rate of the AKT1+125I group was lower than that of the 125I group(P＜0.05)and higher than that in the AKT1 group(P＜0.05).In HUH7 cells,the clonogenic ability of the AKT1+125I group was higher than that of the 125I group(P＜0.05).In Hep3B cells,the clonogenic ability of the AKT1+125I group was higher than that of the 125I group,and the clonogenic ability of the AKT1 group was higher than that of the NC group(P＜0.05).Conclusion 125I seed irradiation induce lethal autophagy in HCC cells by reducing the expression of AKT1,providing a new theoretical basis for the implantation of 125I radioactive seeds in the treatment of HCC.

Objective To investigate the effects of neurotrophic factor Neuritin overexpression on the angiogenic effects of chicken embryonic allantoic membrane (CAM) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs),and to provide a new direction for the treatment of angiogenic diseases. Methods Thirty fresh yellow-skinned breeding eggs were selected to establish a CAM model,which were divided into three groups by randomized numerical table method:positive control group (bFGF),negative control group (NS) and experimental group (Neuritin),with 10 eggs in each group. The positive control group was loaded with 2500 U/mL of bFGF,the experimental group was loaded with 10 μg/mL of Neuritin protein,and the negative control group was loaded with NS. 10 μL loading volume was loaded into each group,and all CAMs were incubated at the same temperature,relative humidity,and time,and the vascular branching,number,and size of the CAMs in each group were recorded after 72 h of incubation. Fresh umbilical cords from healthy pregnant women were selected to produce primary HUVECs,which were divided into three groups:transfected with recombinant plasmid (HUVEC-neu group),transfected with empty vector (HUVEC-3.1 group),and untransfected (HUVEC group). Primary HUVECs in the HUVEC-neu group were transfected with the recombinant plasmid Neuritin,and those in the HUVEC-3.1 group were transfected with the empty vector. HUVEC-3.1 group was transfected with the empty vector plasmid,and HUVEC group was not given any special treatment,and all three groups received the same culture regimen. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression level of Neuritin in HUVEC-3.1 and HUVEC-neu groups. CCK-8 assay,cell scratch assay,Transwell assay,and tube formation assay were used to detect protein expression level of Neuritin in HUVEC-3.1 group and HUVEC-neu group,and HUVEC-neu groups for cell proliferation,migration and tube formation. Results (1) The number of CAM vessel branch points and microvessels in the experimental group was significantly increased compared with that in the negative control group (P<0.01),but there was no statistically significant difference in the number of large and medium-sized vessels between the two groups (P>0.05);(2) Neuritin was successfully overexpressed in HUVECs in the HUVEC-neu group. (3) Compared with the HUVEC-3.1 group,the proliferation vigor of cells in the HUVEC-neu group was decreased (P<0.05),but their migration and tube formation abilities were significantly enhanced (P<0.01). Conclusion Neuritin overexpression promotes angiogenesis and participates in the regulation of neovascularization by affecting cell prolif-eration,migration,and tube formation ability.

The incidence rate of suspected adverse events following immunization (AEFI) after single administration of pentavalent recombinant rotavirus attenuated live vaccine (RV5) in Chaoyang District, Beijing City from 2019 to 2021 was 362.3 per 100 000 doses. The incidence rate of AEFI after simultaneous administration with oral polio vaccine (OPV), inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), hepatitis B vaccine (HBV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13-valent (PCV13) was 239.3 per 100 000, 643.4 per 100 000, 346.8 per 100 000, 438.1 per 100 000, and 434.0 per 100 000, respectively. The specific incidence rates for common AEFI symptoms such as fever, local allergic rash, irritability, and vomiting under different vaccination regimens were as follows: RV5 alone (fever: 88.3 per 100 000, rash: 9.1 per 100 000, irritability: 100.5 per 100 000, vomiting: 83.3 per 100 000), RV5 and IPV simultaneous administration (fever: 239.4 per 100 000, rash: 104.7 per 100 000, irritability: 134.7 per 100 000, vomiting: 89.8 per 100 000), RV5 and OPV simultaneous administration (fever: 119.6 per 100 000, rash: 32.6 per 100 000, irritability: 32.6 per 100 000, vomiting: 32.6 per 100 000), RV5 and HBV simultaneous administration (fever: 111.0 per 100 000, rash: 69.4 per 100 000, irritability: 83.2 per 100 000, vomiting: 41.6 per 100 000), RV5 and Hib simultaneous administration (fever: 159.3 per 100 000, rash: 238.9 per 100 000, irritability: 0 per 100 000, vomiting: 39.8 per 100 000), and RV5 and PCV13 simultaneous administration (fever: 142.8 per 100 000, rash: 98.0 per 100 000, irritability: 126.0 per 100 000, vomiting: 25.2 per 100 000).